{"title":"Bioreactors in medicine.","authors":"A S Hoffman","doi":"10.3109/10731199009119628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10731199009119628","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of immobilized enzyme reactors in medicine is briefly reviewed in this presentation. Emphasis is placed on the recent and emerging technology involved in development and clinical applications of such devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":77498,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials, artificial cells, and artificial organs","volume":"18 4","pages":"523-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10731199009119628","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13437111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adsorption of bilirubin with polypeptide-coated resins.","authors":"X X Zhu, G R Brown, L E St-Pierre","doi":"10.3109/10731199009117290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10731199009117290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Poly-L-lysine, poly-D-lysine and poly-L-ornithine have been coated covalently onto a water-swellable polyamide resin. These sorbents, especially the polylysine coated resins, exhibit high binding affinities for bilirubin in aqueous phosphate buffer solutions at 0 degrees C. The polylysine coated resins have an improved binding affinity for bilirubin over the sorbents with lysine containing oligopeptide pendants and much higher affinity than cholestyramine. The binding capacity is directly proportional to the number of lysine residues on the resin. Replacement of poly-L-lysine with poly-D-lysine does not affect the adsorption capacity.</p>","PeriodicalId":77498,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials, artificial cells, and artificial organs","volume":"18 1","pages":"75-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10731199009117290","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13486124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the hydrodynamic instability of hemoglobin solutions.","authors":"T I Pristoupil, T Marík","doi":"10.3109/10731199009117300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10731199009117300","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The formation of heterogeneous fibers well observable under a magnifying glass in stirred \"stroma-free\" hemolysates of outdated banked erythrocytes was found to be predominantly due to random surface denaturation of both hemoglobin and non-heme proteins at the air-liquid interface. Electrophoretic analysis revealed that the precipitated and washed fibers contain residual membrane proteins as well as a certain amount of hemoglobin. The latter, however, largely remains in solution.</p>","PeriodicalId":77498,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials, artificial cells, and artificial organs","volume":"18 2","pages":"183-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10731199009117300","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13518754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S T Schuschereba, C B Clifford, J A Vargas, D Bunch, P D Bowman
{"title":"Morphologic alterations in rat retina after hypervolemic infusion of cross-linked hemoglobin.","authors":"S T Schuschereba, C B Clifford, J A Vargas, D Bunch, P D Bowman","doi":"10.3109/10731199009117308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10731199009117308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypervolemic infusion in rats of bis (3,5-dibromosalicyl) fumarate cross-linked hemoglobin (DBBF-Hb) to 40-60% of blood volume produced histologic lesions in retina which were not observed in rats similarly infused with human serum albumin or lactated Ringer's solution. Rats treated with 40% DBBF-Hb, exhibited intermittent zones of dense retinal pigmented epithelium while 60% DBBF-Hb animals exhibited severe inner retinal edema and retinal pigmented epithelium vacuolization, large focal zones of photoreceptor outer segment disruption and in one animal, subretinal hemorrhage. Light microscopic immunocytochemical evaluation of retinas with antibodies directed to human hemoglobin and albumin, showed the presence of both hemoglobin and albumin in this tissue. Transmission electron microscopy of the lesions demonstrated vacuolated retinal pigmented epithelial cells and large areas of focal photoreceptor outer segment disruption. We conclude that hypervolemic infusion disrupts the blood retinal barrier and that although both DBBF Hb and albumin cross, only hemoglobin produced damage in the retina.</p>","PeriodicalId":77498,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials, artificial cells, and artificial organs","volume":"18 2","pages":"299-307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10731199009117308","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13519425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Binding of C1q and DNA to support materials by means of a new coupling procedure.","authors":"W Schössler, F Hiepe, J Coupek, E Apostoloff","doi":"10.3109/10731199009117334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10731199009117334","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since several years matrix-bound biologically active substances are widely used in biosciences, biotechnology and medicine. We are presenting a simple and inexpensive activation procedure for support materials which allows stable binding of C1q and DNA. We could not found a remarkable leakage of the bound ligands. In connection with the good biocompatibility of our procedure, both are important for the application in extracorporeal immunoadsorption. The method is technologically simple and represents an alternative to the activation methods applied so far.</p>","PeriodicalId":77498,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials, artificial cells, and artificial organs","volume":"18 5","pages":"657-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10731199009117334","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13254715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Swelling of PHEMA based membranes in ethanol and their nitroglycerin permeabilities.","authors":"R Tekin, M Kiremitçi, A I Serbetçi, E Pişkin","doi":"10.3109/10731199009117291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10731199009117291","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study is to prepare PHEMA based polymeric membranes for a transdermal delivery system, which includes a skin permeation enhancer (i.e. ethanol) for nitroglycerin. Membranes were prepared by bulk polymerization of HEMA monomer. Polymerization was achieved in the presence of EGDMA, as the cross-linker, and AIBN as the initiator. MMA was used as a comonomer to improve the mechanical properties and to adjust the permeabilities of the resulting membranes. Water was also included in the polymerization mixture to control the matrix structure. Membranes with different chemical and physical structures were prepared. Swelling behaviour of these matrices in ethanol were observed. Nitroglycerin diffusion through swollen membranes (in ethanol) were investigated. It was obtained that the relative amounts of ingredients (i.e., HEMA, MMA, EGDMA and water) in the casting solutions affect both the equilibrium swelling values and the permeabilities. By increasing the water content and by decreasing the amounts of MMA and EGDMA both parameters can be increased. AIBN does not affect these parameters significantly.</p>","PeriodicalId":77498,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials, artificial cells, and artificial organs","volume":"18 1","pages":"95-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10731199009117291","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13265568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U T Seyfert, G Pindur, C Miyashita, F W Albert, E Wenzel
{"title":"The development of a central register for side effects of biomaterials.","authors":"U T Seyfert, G Pindur, C Miyashita, F W Albert, E Wenzel","doi":"10.3109/10731199009117326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10731199009117326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Examination of the interaction between biomaterials and tissues from a clinical realistic as well as scientific viewpoint to complement the highly advanced experimental and biochemical basis research is an undertaking that has suffered a considerable amount of neglect in the past. Attempts to realize internationally a Central Registry for documenting clinically relevant side effects will be reported in detail. Implementation of the registry involves the review of present literature (prospective clinical studies, retrospective studies and case reports). An \"incompatibility incident report/questionnaire\" has been developed according to the guidelines of the \"Report on Pharmacological Side Effects\" of the Pharmaceutical Commission of the German Medical Association. The aims of registering and evaluating these reports will be demonstrated and discussed in detail.</p>","PeriodicalId":77498,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials, artificial cells, and artificial organs","volume":"18 5","pages":"591-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10731199009117326","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13254091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cell adhesion to the surfaces of polymeric beads.","authors":"M Kiremitçi, E Pişkin","doi":"10.3109/10731199009117327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10731199009117327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The main goal of this study is to determine the relationship between the surface properties of polymeric materials and fibroblastic cell adhesion. Therefore, two series of polymeric beads, PHEMA and PS, were tested in microcarrier-facilitated cell culture systems. The crosslinked PHEMA beads were prepared by suspension polymerization of HEMA monomer in the presence of various acrylic monomers (i.e. MMA, EGDMA, DMAEMA). The hydrophobic PS beads were used after coated with different alkylamine monomers (i.e. EDA, ALAM, TEA) by plasma polymerization process. The cell culturing studies were performed with BHK cells in stationary culture conditions and the cell adhesion characteristics were determined by the common methods. Attachment of the BHK cells on these microcarriers were satisfactorily modeled by surface saturation type of mathematical expression. The results demonstrated that, there were finite number of sites on the microcarrier surfaces available for adhesion. Number of these sites depends on the surface charge density which was supplied by amine groups and surface wettability. It is possible to achieve desired cell adhesion and also growth, by changing the chemical structure of beads with suitable modification methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":77498,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials, artificial cells, and artificial organs","volume":"18 5","pages":"599-603"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10731199009117327","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13254708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rapid adsorption of rheumatoid factor (RF) on suspension of glutaraldehyde-crosslinked immunoglobulin G (IgG)--a method to avoid RF interference.","authors":"G Kolb","doi":"10.3109/10731199009117328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10731199009117328","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77498,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials, artificial cells, and artificial organs","volume":"18 5","pages":"605-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10731199009117328","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13254709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S V Mikhalovsky, V V Strelko, T A Alekseyeva, S V Komissarenko
{"title":"Immunosorbents based on uncoated synthetic charcoals: preparation, properties, applications.","authors":"S V Mikhalovsky, V V Strelko, T A Alekseyeva, S V Komissarenko","doi":"10.3109/10731199009117336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10731199009117336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>By means of water-soluble carbodiimide coupling technique various bioligands were covalently attached to the surface of uncoated synthetic active carbons and a number of sorbents with certain biological functions were thus designed. Carbonaceous sorbents with immobilized ligands demonstrate increased affinity towards specific sorbates compared to that of starting matrix. As soon as SCN and SCS synthetic carbons are used uncoated they can be highly loaded with protein molecules - up to 80 mg serum albumin, 6-10 mg IgG rabbit etc. per gram of sorbent. Carbonaceous immunosorbents retain biocompatibility and substantial non-specific adsorptive capacity of initial hemosorbents. A conclusion is drawn that uncoated synthetic charcoals can serve a basis for design of selective hemosorbents intended for solving complicated problems of immunocorrection.</p>","PeriodicalId":77498,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials, artificial cells, and artificial organs","volume":"18 5","pages":"671-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10731199009117336","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13254717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}