{"title":"Computerized microscopic image analysis method in tissue-biomaterials interaction.","authors":"H Schreiber, H P Kinzl, J Thieme","doi":"10.3109/10731199009117332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10731199009117332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of computer-based image analysis belongs to the new methods of biocompatibility testing. When materials were implanted subcutaneously in animals the cells of the connective tissue capsule can give a good standard for the evaluation of biocompatibility. The application of image processing systems allows the automation of a great number of measurings and test - techniques. It is also possible to get quantitative information on cell - and haemocompatibility testing. With the help of the automatic microscopic image analysis the accuracy of morphometric methods increased and scientists time was saved.</p>","PeriodicalId":77498,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials, artificial cells, and artificial organs","volume":"18 5","pages":"637-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10731199009117332","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13254713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Towards an artificial cornea: surface modifications of optically clear, oxygen permeable soft contact lens materials by ammonia plasma modification technique for the enhanced attachment and growth of corneal epithelial cells.","authors":"R Sipehia, A Garfinkle, W B Jackson, T M Chang","doi":"10.3109/10731199009117333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10731199009117333","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The advent of high water content, oxygen permeable contact lens materials has made the intracorneal implants more feasible. A major obstacle encountered is the regrowth of a stable epithelium over the implant. Therefore, ammonia gaseous plasma modification technique was used to modify the surface chemical properties of soft contact lens material such as poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid), PHEMA-MAA copolymer, in an attempt to enhance the cell attachment and growth of rabbit corneal epithelial cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":77498,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials, artificial cells, and artificial organs","volume":"18 5","pages":"643-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10731199009117333","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13254714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chitosan--as a biomaterial.","authors":"T Chandy, C P Sharma","doi":"10.3109/10731199009117286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10731199009117286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chitosan [a (1----4) 2-amino-2-deoxy-beta-D-Glucan] is a unique polysaccharide derived from chitin. Several attempts have been made to use this biopolymer in biomedical field. The use of this material in the development of hemodialysis membranes, artificial skin, drug targetting and other applications are discussed. It appears, this novel biomolecule, biodegradable, and biocompatible, find applications in substituting or regenerating the blood/tissue interfaces. This polysaccharide having structural characteristics similar to glycosaminoglycans, seems to mimic their functional behaviour.</p>","PeriodicalId":77498,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials, artificial cells, and artificial organs","volume":"18 1","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10731199009117286","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13338258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A mathematical analysis of the U-shaped hybrid artificial pancreas--a novel insulin release rate equation.","authors":"C J Mullon, C A Norton","doi":"10.3109/10731199009117288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10731199009117288","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While most artificial pancreases rely mainly on diffusive transport of solutes, Reach et al. (1) proposed a U-shaped device which combines diffusive and convective transports to shorten the lag time between insulin release and a rise in blood glucose concentration. This paper presents a mathematical model which predicts well the performance of the U-shaped hybrid artificial pancreas for both square-wave and ramp glucose stimulations. The model uses a novel insulin secretion equation, and a possible inhibition mechanism regulating insulin secretion is also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":77498,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials, artificial cells, and artificial organs","volume":"18 1","pages":"43-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10731199009117288","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13338260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The enhanced attachment and growth of endothelial cells on anhydrous ammonia gaseous plasma modified surfaces of polystyrene and poly(tetrafluoroethylene).","authors":"R Sipehia","doi":"10.3109/10731199009117319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10731199009117319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anhydrous ammonia gaseous plasma technique was used for the surface modification of polystyrene petri dishes and poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) membranes. Amino groups were added onto surfaces by exposing them to ammonia plasma. Plasma modified polymeric surfaces and control polymeric surfaces were seeded with bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (EC). It was found that attachment of EC to control polystyrene surface was negligible. On the plasma modified polystyrene surface, there was improved attachment and growth of EC. At 96 hours, plasma modified surfaces yielded an order of 3 magnitudes more cells compared to those on control. Twenty four hours after seeding the cells, the percentage of EC attachment to control PTFE surfaces and modified surfaces were found to be about 36% and 92% respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":77498,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials, artificial cells, and artificial organs","volume":"18 3","pages":"437-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10731199009117319","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13533369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of a C1q-adsorbent for the selective removal of circulating immune complexes.","authors":"F Hiepe, W Schössler, E Apostoloff, K Precht","doi":"10.3109/10731199009119629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10731199009119629","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In body fluids circulating immune complexes possess a substantial pathogenic effect on a variety of diseases. Thus it seems to be reasonable to influence the pathogenic mechanism of such diseases by removing the circulating immune complexes out of the body fluids. The selective adsorbent for binding immune complexes were developed as possible alternative of plasmapheresis for specific removal of immune complexes out of the blood plasma. The principle is based on the biospecific binding of immune complexes to C1q that is immobilized by a covalent binding to different solid phases. Thus: so bound immune complexes can be separated by detaching the solid phases. The adsorbent may be regenerated by non-denaturated media and can be used manyfold. This adsorbent has a high biocompatibility and offers the possibility for clinical use.</p>","PeriodicalId":77498,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials, artificial cells, and artificial organs","volume":"18 4","pages":"529-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10731199009119629","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13437112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W G Negendank, L E McCoy, M G Crowley, T H Corbett, E L Schmidt
{"title":"In vitro measurement of tissue vascular space by 19F NMR of a perfluorocarbon blood substitute.","authors":"W G Negendank, L E McCoy, M G Crowley, T H Corbett, E L Schmidt","doi":"10.3109/10731199009117293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10731199009117293","url":null,"abstract":"Technique permettant de mesurer l'espace vasculaire dans differents tissus in vitro. Cette technique permet de valider les mesures effectuees in vivo par des methodes indirectes","PeriodicalId":77498,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials, artificial cells, and artificial organs","volume":"18 1","pages":"119-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10731199009117293","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13486122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of homologous and heterologous stroma-free hemoglobin and polyhemoglobin on complement activation, leucocytes and platelets.","authors":"J Ning, T M Chang","doi":"10.3109/10731199009117303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10731199009117303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This is a study of the effects of stroma-free hemoglobin(Hb) and polyhemoglobin on C3 and C3a levels and on blood cell counts. The effects of membrane stroma from red cells and endotoxins on complement activation were also investigated. Plasma samples from rats were incubated with hemoglobin solutions or control solutions. C3 was measured using anti-rat C3 by nephelometric method. C3a was measured using radioimmunoassay. C3 and C3a were also determined in rats receiving hemoglobin solutions, red cell stroma solutions, or a solution containing complement activators (membrane stroma and bacterial endotoxins). There were no significant differences in C3 or C3a levels between the plasma incubated with hemoglobin solutions and the control plasma incubated with saline (P greater than 0.05). Compared with the saline incubated plasma, C3 was significantly lower and C3a significantly higher in the zymosan treated plasma (P less than 0.01). In hemoglobin infused rats, there was no significant difference between pre-versus post-infusion values in C3 and C3a. There was a significant increase in C3a in the rats receiving stroma suspension (P less than 0.05) or stroma and endotoxins (P less than 0.02). Polyhemoglobin and stroma-free hemoglobin did not cause significant changes in total leucocyte, differential, or platelet counts. Our study suggests that purified stroma-free Hb and polyHb do not activate complement, and that C3a is a more sensitive parameter for monitoring complement activation than C3. On the other hand, contaminates in hemoglobin preparations, such as membrane stroma or endotoxins, activate the complement system.</p>","PeriodicalId":77498,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials, artificial cells, and artificial organs","volume":"18 2","pages":"219-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10731199009117303","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13518757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chronotropic effects of in vitro perfusion with albumin, stroma-free hemoglobin, and polyhemoglobin solutions.","authors":"S V Walter, T M Chang","doi":"10.3109/10731199009117307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10731199009117307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A negative chronotropic effect of bovine stroma-free hemoglobin was identified in spontaneously contracting myocardiocytes derived from neonatal rats. This model allowed for the evaluation of direct effects of hemoglobin solutions without the influence of hemodynamic reflexes. Significant slowing of myocardiocyte beating rates were observed from 0.8 to 11.6 g.dl-1 stroma-free hemoglobin solution. Polymerization of hemoglobin into soluble crosslinked polyhemoglobin markedly reduced its negative chronotrophic effects by more than 50% at most concentrations assayed. Chronotropic potency (% change in beating rate from baseline per g.dl-1 was significantly higher for stroma-free hemoglobin when compared to polyhemoglobin and albumin solutions. Colloid osmotic potency (% change in beating rate from baseline per mmHg) however, was similar for stroma-free hemoglobin and polyhemoglobin but significantly lower for albumin solutions. This negative chronotropic effect may in part contribute to the transient bradycardia observed following hemoglobin infusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":77498,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials, artificial cells, and artificial organs","volume":"18 2","pages":"283-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10731199009117307","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13519424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V V Sinitsyn, L M Metlitscaya, A G Mamontova, G A Konovalov, V V Kukharchuk
{"title":"Heparin-sorbent for low density lipoproteins removal in hypercholesterolemia.","authors":"V V Sinitsyn, L M Metlitscaya, A G Mamontova, G A Konovalov, V V Kukharchuk","doi":"10.3109/10731199009117331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10731199009117331","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heparin-sorbent was developed in the USSR Cardiology Research Center for LDL-apheresis in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. Clinical trials of the sorbent were started in 1985. Heparin-sorbent has a high capacity for LDL. One column (400ml) can remove 3 - 6g of LDL cholesterol, depending on the initial LDL content in the plasma. The sorbent demonstrates a high stability, it can withstand more then 75 sorbtion-desorbtion cycles with only a slight loss of the initial capacity. It means that one column can work for 1,5-2,0 years when used weekly. Heparin-sorbent is the sorbent of limited selectivity, apo-B content in eluate is 40-60% of the total protein content, but it is important that it does not bind HDL.</p>","PeriodicalId":77498,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials, artificial cells, and artificial organs","volume":"18 5","pages":"629-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10731199009117331","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13254712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}