Zentralblatt fur Mikrobiologie最新文献

{"title":"Study of the photochemical immobilization of alkaline proteinase and chymotrypsin on the solid phase of O-hydroxyethylcellulose.","authors":"I Sroková,&nbsp;G Cík","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stability of the photochemically immobilized alkaline proteinase (E.C. 3.4.21.14) and chymotrypsin (E.C. 3.4.21.1.) onto the gel of O-hydroxyethylcellulose has been studied. For the purpose of immobilization the photochemical generation of nitrene radicals caused by the photolysis of an azido group of bifunctional 4,4'-bis-azidostilbene-2,2'-disodium-sulphate and the newly synthetized O-(3-azidophthaloyl)-O-hydroxyethylcellulose have been employed. The immobilized alkaline proteinase demonstrated a decreased ability of denaturation and an increased laboratory stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":77473,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Mikrobiologie","volume":"148 4","pages":"247-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19353106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cellulase production on high levels of cellulose and corn steep liquor.","authors":"M A Farid,&nbsp;K Y el-Shahed","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several enhanced cellulase mutants of Trichoderma reesei have been used for cellulase production using corn steep liquor and microcrystalline cellulose as substrates. Under the optimum fermentation conditions on 6% cellulose and 3.6% corn steep liquor Trichoderma reesei Rut C 30 produced high levels of cellulase enzymes 6MC-ase 54 IU/ml, filter paper activity 3.2 IU/ml after 10 days incubation at 28-30 degrees C.</p>","PeriodicalId":77473,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Mikrobiologie","volume":"148 4","pages":"277-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19353110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"Rainer Borriss","doi":"10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80103-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80103-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77473,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Mikrobiologie","volume":"148 4","pages":"Page 276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80103-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56537518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological studies on xylanase production by Penicillium funiculosum on some agricultural wastes.","authors":"M Fadel,&nbsp;M S Fouda","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Studies were carried out on production of Xylanase enzyme from P. funiculosum NRCE-629 using a number of alkali-treated lignocellulosic wastes as carbon and energy sources as compared to pure xylan polymer. Sugar cane bagasse, rice straw and wheat straw yielded enzyme levels higher than that obtained on pure xylan. Physiological studies on enzyme formation using those three agricultural wastes revealed that optimum enzyme yields are obtained in media containing 2% substrate concentration. The enzyme synthesis was favored in agitated cultures with an air:medium ratio corresponding to 3:2 respectively with inoculum size of 10% (v/v). Further studies using rice straw medium yielded highest enzyme level after five days of aerobic growth at 30 degrees C with initial pH of medium adjusted to 5.0. Results are discussed in the light of possible application.</p>","PeriodicalId":77473,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Mikrobiologie","volume":"148 4","pages":"304-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19354998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycoflora and natural occurrence of mycotoxins in tobacco from cigarettes in Egypt","authors":"O.M.O. El-Maghraby ,&nbsp;M.A. Abdel-Sater","doi":"10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80101-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80101-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Forty-two species and 4 varieties belonging to 21 genera were collected from 40 tobacco samples on glucose- and cellulose-Czapek's agar at 28°C and 45°C. The most common mesophiles (at 28°C) in tobacco on the two types of media were: <em>Aspergillus flavus, A. flavus</em> var. <em>columnaris, A. fumigatus, A. niger, Penicillium chrysogenum</em> and <em>P. funiculosum</em>. Two samples were heavily contaminated with members of <em>Fusarium (F. moniliforme, F. oxysporum, F. solani)</em>. Some fungi were encountered only on plates of cellulose agar as <em>Chaetomium globosum, Siachybotrys atra</em> var. <em>microspora</em> and <em>S. chartarum</em>. At 45°C the most prevalent fungus was <em>A. fumigatus</em>. Truely thermophiles were also collected: <em>Humicola grisea</em> var. <em>thermoidae, Rhizomucor pusillus</em> and <em>Thermoascus aurantiacus</em>.</p><p>Based on biological assays (brine shrimp larvae (<em>Artemia salina</em> L.) and <em>Bacillus megatherium</em> test) and chemical analysis of chloroform extraction of tobacco (TLC and UV spectrophotometric), four samples (out of 40) had toxicity and four compounds of mycotoxins were detected namely; aflatoxins B₁ &amp; B₂ (2 samples; 15.5 and 20.7 μg/kg), zearalenone (1 sample, 5.5 μg) and T-2 toxin (1 sample, 2.8 μg). For studying the tracing of aflatoxins in smoking cigarettes, three doses (10, 20 and 50 fig) of aflatoxins B₁ and B₂ (w/w, 1:1) were injected each in ten cigarettes. All extracts of cigarettes smoke proved to be non-toxic and mycotoxins not detected. However, aflatoxins were detected in topping filter (2.8, 3.5 and 8.8 μg/the three doses, respectively).</p></div><div><p>Von 40 Tabakproben wurden 42 Pilzspecies aus 21 Gattungen isoliert. Bei 28°C kamen am häufigsten <em>Aspergillus flavus, A. flavus</em> var. <em>columnaris, A. fumigatus, A. niger, Penicillium chrysogenum</em> und <em>P. funiculosum</em> vor. Zwei Proben waren stark mit <em>Fusarium (F. moniliforme, F. oxysporum, F. solani)</em> kontaminiert. Einige Pilze, wie <em>Chaetomium globosum, Stachybotrys atra</em> var. <em>microspora</em> und <em>S. chartarum</em> traten nur auf Cellulose-Agar auf. Bei 45°C war <em>A. fumigatus</em> vorherrschend. An Thermophilen wurden <em>Humicola grisea</em> var. <em>themoidae, Rhizomucor pusillus</em> und <em>Thermoascus aurantiacus</em> gefunden. In biologischen Tests mit <em>Artemia salina</em> L. und <em>Bacillus megatherium</em> sowie chemischen Analysen von Chloroformextrakten der Tabakproben wurden in 4 von 40 Proben folgende Mycotoxine nachgewiesen: Aflatoxine B₁ und B₂ (15,5 bzw. 20,7 μg/kg), Zearalenon (5,5 μg/kg) und T-2 Toxin (2,8 u.g/kg). Um den Weg der Aflatoxine beim Zigarettenrauchen zu verfolgen, wurden jeweils 10, 20 und 50 μg Aflatoxine B₁ und B₂ (w/w, 1:1) in 10 Zigaretten injiziert. In den Extrakten des entsprechenden Zigarettenrauches konnten Mycotoxine nicht nachg","PeriodicalId":77473,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Mikrobiologie","volume":"148 4","pages":"Pages 253-264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80101-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87139790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycoflora and natural occurrence of mycotoxins in tobacco from cigarettes in Egypt.","authors":"O M el-Maghraby, M A Abdel-Sater","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Forty-two species and 4 varieties belonging to 21 genera were collected from 40 tobacco samples on glucose- and cellulose-Czapek's agar at 28 degrees C and 45 degrees C. The most common mesophiles (at 28 degrees C) in tobacco on the two types of media were: Aspergillus flavus, A. flavus var. columnaris, A. fumigatus, A. niger, Penicillium chrysogenum and P. funiculosum. Two samples were heavily contaminated with members of Fusarium (F. moniliforme, F. oxysporum, F. solani). Some fungi were encountered only on plates of cellulose agar as Chaetomium globosum, Stachybotrys atra var. microspora and S. chartarum. At 45 degrees C the most prevalent fungus was A. fumigatus. Truely thermophiles were also collected: Humicola grisea var. thermoidae, Rhizomucor pusillus and Thermoascus aurantiacus. Based on biological assays (brine shrimp larvae (Artemia salina L.) and Bacillus megatherium test) and chemical analysis of chloroform extraction of tobacco (TLC and UV spectrophotometric), four samples (out of 40) had toxicity and four compounds of mycotoxins were detected namely; aflatoxins B1 & B2 (2 samples; 15.5 and 20.7 micrograms/kg), zearalenone (1 sample, 5.5 micrograms) and T-2 toxin (1 sample, 2.8 micrograms). For studying the tracing of aflatoxins in smoking cigarettes, three doses (10, 20 and 50 micrograms) of aflatoxins B1 and B2 (w/w, 1:1) were injected each in ten cigarettes. All extracts of cigarettes smoke proved to be non-toxic and mycotoxins not detected. However, aflatoxins were detected in topping filter (2.8, 3.5 and 8.8 micrograms/the three doses, respectively).</p>","PeriodicalId":77473,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Mikrobiologie","volume":"148 4","pages":"253-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19353108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antagonism in vitro of fluorescent pseudomonads against Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium aphanidermatum","authors":"M. Wölk ,&nbsp;S. Sarkar","doi":"10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80098-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80098-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>1107 fluorescent pseudomonads were isolated from cucumber roots and 648 from the roots of beans and tested against <em>Pythium aphanidermatum</em> and <em>Rhizoctonia solani</em>. 934 <em>Pseudomonas</em>-strains, which were isolated from cucumbers, showed no antagonistic effect against <em>Pythium aphanidermatum</em> and 549 strains, isolated from beans, were not antagonistic against <em>Rhizoctonia solani</em>. We could show, that the antagonism of some antagonists is based not only on the production of siderophores.</p></div><div><p>Es wurden 1107 fluoreszierende Pseudomonaden von Gurkenwurzeln und 648 von Bohnenwurzeln isoliert und gegenüber <em>Pythium aphanidermatum</em> und <em>Rhizoctonia solani</em> getestet. 934 <em>Pseudomonas</em>-Isolate, die von Gurken isoliert wurden, zeigten keinen Antagonismus gegenüber <em>Pythium aphanidermatum</em> und 549 von Bohnen isolierte Stämme wirkten nicht gegenüber <em>Rhizoctonia solani</em>. Am Beispiel einiger Antagonisten konnte gezeigt werden, daß der Antagonismus nicht nur auf der Ausscheidung von Siderophoren beruht.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":77473,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Mikrobiologie","volume":"148 4","pages":"Pages 237-245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80098-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56537423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nachruf","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80097-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80097-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77473,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Mikrobiologie","volume":"148 4","pages":"Pages 235-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80097-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72260788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological studies on xylanase production by Penicillium funiculosum on some agricultural wastes","authors":"M. Fadel ,&nbsp;M.S. Fouda","doi":"10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80108-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80108-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Studies were carried out on production of Xylanase enzyme from <em>P. funiculosum</em> NRCE-629 using a number of alkali-treated lignocellulosic wastes as carbon and energy sources as compared to pure xylan polymer. Sugar cane bagasse, rice straw and wheat straw yielded enzyme levels higher than that obtained on pure xylan. Physiological studies on enzyme formation using those three agricultural wastes revealed that optimum enzyme yields are obtained in media containing 2% substrate concentration. The enzyme synthesis was favored in agitated cultures with an air: medium ratio corresponding to 3:2 respectively with inoculum size of 10% (v/v). Further studies using rice straw medium yielded highest enzyme level after five days of aerobic growth at 30 °C with initial pH of medium adjusted to 5.0. Results are discussed in the light of possible application.</p></div><div><p>Es wurden Untersuchungen zur Produktion von Xylanase durch <em>Penicillium funiculosum</em> NRCE-629 durchgeführt, wobei verschiedene mit Alkali behandelte Lignocelluloseabfälle als C- und Energiequelle getestet wurden, auch im Vergleich zum reinen Xylan. Zuckerrohrbagasse, Reisstroh und Weizenstroh im Medium erbrachten höhere Enzymaktivitäten als reines Xylan. Physiologische Studien der Enzymbildung mit diesen 3 ackerbaulichen Abfallstoffen ergaben, daß der höchste Enzymertrag in einem Medium mit 2% Substratkonzenträtion erreicht wurde. Die Enzymsynthese wurde in belüfteten Kulturen bei einem Luft: Medium-Verhältnis von 3:2 erreicht, bei einer Inokulation von 10% (v/v). Weitere Studien mit einem Reisstroh-Medium ergaben den höchsten Enzymertrag nach 5 Tagen aerobem Wachstum, 30°C und einem eingestellten pH-Wert von 5,0. Die Ergebnisse werden unter dem Aspekt einer möglichen Anwendung diskutiert.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":77473,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Mikrobiologie","volume":"148 4","pages":"Pages 304-312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80108-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90779101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"Wolfgang F. Hirte","doi":"10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80099-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80099-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77473,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Mikrobiologie","volume":"148 4","pages":"Page 246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80099-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"101205206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}