Tropical medicine and parasitology : official organ of Deutsche Tropenmedizinische Gesellschaft and of Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ)最新文献_第2页

Cycles in daily catches of members of the Simulium damnosum species complex. 沙棘鲷(Simulium damnosum)复合体成员每日渔获量的循环。

Tropical medicine and parasitology : official organ of Deutsche Tropenmedizinische Gesellschaft and of Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) Pub Date : 1995-12-01

R A Cheke

引用次数: 0

The chemotherapy of onchocerciasis XX: ivermectin in combination with albendazole. 盘尾丝虫病的化疗:伊维菌素联合阿苯达唑。

Tropical medicine and parasitology : official organ of Deutsche Tropenmedizinische Gesellschaft and of Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) Pub Date : 1995-12-01

K Awadzi, E T Addy, N O Opoku, A Plenge-Bönig, D W Büttner

{"title":"The chemotherapy of onchocerciasis XX: ivermectin in combination with albendazole.","authors":"K Awadzi, E T Addy, N O Opoku, A Plenge-Bönig, D W Büttner","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Ivermectin is a potent microfilaricide that also blocks microfilarial release while albendazole is toxic to all intrauterine stages. We investigated whether their combination would permanently sterilize the adult worms. In the first open phase, all 69 patients received 150 micrograms/kg of ivermectin. In the second double-blind phase one week later, 35 patients were randomized to receive 800 mg of albendazole with a fatty breakfast for three consecutive days while 34 patients received matching placebo tablets. Detailed clinical and laboratory examinations were done before treatment and were repeated at intervals over one year. Nodules were excised at three and six months. There was a rapid reduction in skin microfilariae, maximal at four weeks (99.9%). Counts increased subsequently and were between 11 and 18% of initial values at one year. Nodule histology showed no macrofilaricidal activity of the combination. A high proportion of the stretched intrauterine microfilariae were degenerate in both groups. Anterior chamber microfilarial counts were unchanged until day 18 and then fell successively. Low levels persisted in several patients at one year. Dead corneal microfilariae and corneal punctate opacities increased initially, fell with time and then disappeared in most patients. Systemic and ocular reactions were mild to moderate and biochemical abnormalities were minor. A pronounced posttreatment eosinophilia subsided by day 30. There was no significant difference between the two groups in clinical and laboratory tolerance or in alterations in skin and ocular parasites and no important differences in the effect on the adult worms. The combination of ivermectin with albendazole given one week apart is well tolerated but produces no additional effect against Onchocerca volvulus when compared to ivermectin given alone.","PeriodicalId":77449,"journal":{"name":"Tropical medicine and parasitology : official organ of Deutsche Tropenmedizinische Gesellschaft and of Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ)","volume":"46 4","pages":"213-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19793726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Histochemical investigations of the biochemical defence mechanism in experimental trichinellosis: I. peroxidase activity. 实验性旋毛虫病生化防御机制的组织化学研究:1 .过氧化物酶活性。

Tropical medicine and parasitology : official organ of Deutsche Tropenmedizinische Gesellschaft and of Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) Pub Date : 1995-12-01

E Hadaás, L Gustowska

引用次数: 0

Current knowledge on the epidemiology, diagnosis, immunology, and treatment of loiasis. 流行病学、诊断、免疫学和治疗的最新知识。

Tropical medicine and parasitology : official organ of Deutsche Tropenmedizinische Gesellschaft and of Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) Pub Date : 1995-12-01

G Wahl, A J Georges

引用次数: 0

Induction and prevention of shock-like lethal side effects after microfilaricidal treatment in filariae infected rodents. 丝虫病感染啮齿动物微杀丝治疗后休克样致命副作用的诱导和预防。

Tropical medicine and parasitology : official organ of Deutsche Tropenmedizinische Gesellschaft and of Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) Pub Date : 1995-12-01

H Zahner

{"title":"Induction and prevention of shock-like lethal side effects after microfilaricidal treatment in filariae infected rodents.","authors":"H Zahner","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"In contrast to human carriers of microfilariae, filariae infected rodents generally tolerate an effective microfilaricidal treatment without obvious signs of adverse reactions. The study shows, however, that also the filariae (Litomosoides carinii, Brugia malayi) infected rodent Mastomys coucha can be rendered sensitive to side effects of the treatment by the administration of D-galactosamine (D-Gal), due to reduction of liver UTP levels. Independent of the drug (diethylcarbamazine, ivermectin, CGP 20376) and the parasite species, D-Gal-primed infected animals died within 4 days after a microfilaricidal treatment. Lethal effects did also occur in naive animals to which microfilariae had been transfused 18 h prior to the challenge with D-Gal and a microfilaricidal, provided the animals had received at least approximately 10(3) larvae/g body weight. Both infected animals and naive recipients of microfilariae could be protected from death by cyclosporin A, polyclonal antibodies to mouse TNF or suitable amounts of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine. Pentoxifylline was less protective. The results suggest that components play a role in adverse reactions after microfilaricidal treatment, which are released by dying/dead microfilariae and may interact with T lymphocytes independent of a specific state of immunity. In a sequela, TNF released by T cells seems to induce an excess synthesis of N-oxides which appear to be the final morbific agent.","PeriodicalId":77449,"journal":{"name":"Tropical medicine and parasitology : official organ of Deutsche Tropenmedizinische Gesellschaft and of Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ)","volume":"46 4","pages":"221-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19793727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of an antigen detection-ELISA test for the diagnosis of trypanosomiasis in naturally infected cattle. 抗原检测-酶联免疫吸附试验在自然感染牛中诊断锥虫病的评价。

Tropical medicine and parasitology : official organ of Deutsche Tropenmedizinische Gesellschaft and of Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) Pub Date : 1995-12-01

Z Bengaly, A B Kanwe, G Duvallet

{"title":"Evaluation of an antigen detection-ELISA test for the diagnosis of trypanosomiasis in naturally infected cattle.","authors":"Z Bengaly, A B Kanwe, G Duvallet","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The sensitivity and the specificity of the antigen detection ELISA proposed by Nantulya and Lindqvist (1989) for the diagnosis of African Animal Trypanosomiasis have been assessed in naturally-occurring infections. 1633 cattle were sampled in trypanosomiasis endemic area and examined for trypanosomes by darkground/phase contrast buffy-coat method described by Murray et al. (1977) and for circulating antigen by ELISA. Fifty sera from Markoye, a tsetse free area in north of Burkina Faso, and 49 sera from Germany were also tested. In trypanosomiasis infested area, BCT detected 144 (8.8%) positive animals while Ag-ELISA revealed 65.8% of positive. Out of the 144 BCT-parasite-positive, Ag-ELISA enable to detect 75% of positive. The predominant trypanosomes identified by BCT was Trypanosoma vivax followed by T. congolense while Ag-ELISA indicated T. congolense followed by T. brucei. Ag-ELISA detected 76.5% out of the 51 T. congolense-BCT-positive and only 17% of all T. vivax BCT-positive. Cattle carring mixed infection involving two or three trypanosomes, particularly those with T. brucei and T. congolense are the most frequent. In tsetse free area, Ag-ELISA detected one positive cattle carring T. brucei and T. congolense and showed an apparent specificity of 98%. No serum from Germany was detected positive. This study suggests the joint use of Ag-ELISA and BCT for the diagnosis of trypanosomiasis particularly in epidemiological study in endemic area.","PeriodicalId":77449,"journal":{"name":"Tropical medicine and parasitology : official organ of Deutsche Tropenmedizinische Gesellschaft and of Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ)","volume":"46 4","pages":"284-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19795062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A simple field method for the purification of Onchocerca ochengi microfilariae from a mixed Onchocerca infection in cattle. 从牛混合盘尾丝虫感染中纯化奥氏盘尾丝虫的简易现场方法。

Tropical medicine and parasitology : official organ of Deutsche Tropenmedizinische Gesellschaft and of Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) Pub Date : 1995-09-01

H E Hagen, S L Kläger, P J Ham

引用次数: 0

Prevalence and risk factors of HIV-1 infection in three parishes in western Uganda. 乌干达西部三个教区HIV-1感染的流行情况和危险因素。

Tropical medicine and parasitology : official organ of Deutsche Tropenmedizinische Gesellschaft and of Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) Pub Date : 1995-09-01

W Kipp, P Kabwa, A Verbeck, P Fischer, P Eggert, D W Büttner

{"title":"Prevalence and risk factors of HIV-1 infection in three parishes in western Uganda.","authors":"W Kipp, P Kabwa, A Verbeck, P Fischer, P Eggert, D W Büttner","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Unlabelled: A population-based serosurvey was conducted to determine the HIV-1 prevalence and to evaluate various risk factors in three parishes in western Uganda. Adults over 14 years were examined in all 13 villages of Kigoyera parish far from Fort Portal, in two villages of Kyamukoka parish closer to Fort Portal and in the four fishing villages of Ntoroko parish at Lake Albert with a high population mobility. Personal interviews and HIV serology using ELISA and Western blot were performed. Sera showing at least two envelope bands in the Western blot were considered as positive. The coverage of the registered eligible population was 74% in Kigoyera, 67% in Kyamukoka and 25% in Ntoroko. The prevalence of HIV was 4% (97 of 2267 persons examined, 95% CI 3.4-5.1%) in Kigoyera, a typical rural area. Whereas it was 13% (53 of 393 persons examined, 95% CI 10.1-16.9%) in Kyamukoka near to the district capital and exceptionally high with 24% (96 of 399 persons examined, 95% CI 19.9-28.3%) in the comparatively isolated fishing villages of Ntoroko. In a multivariate model the infection risk for HIV was in Kyamukoka two and in Ntoroko five times higher than in Kigoyera. Among the two main ethnic groups one had a significantly lower risk to acquire HIV infection than the other group.Conclusions: Because of their large proportion of migrating persons the fishing villages presented populations with high risks for HIV infection. The ethnic composition of the village population, representing group specific sexual behaviour, was a risk factor for HIV infection.","PeriodicalId":77449,"journal":{"name":"Tropical medicine and parasitology : official organ of Deutsche Tropenmedizinische Gesellschaft and of Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ)","volume":"46 3","pages":"141-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19515302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of three serological tests for the detection of antiamebic antibodies applied to sera of patients from an area endemic for amebiasis. 对阿米巴病流行地区患者血清中抗阿米巴抗体的三种血清学检测方法的评价。

Tropical medicine and parasitology : official organ of Deutsche Tropenmedizinische Gesellschaft and of Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) Pub Date : 1995-09-01

H Lotter, T F Jackson, E Tannich

{"title":"Evaluation of three serological tests for the detection of antiamebic antibodies applied to sera of patients from an area endemic for amebiasis.","authors":"H Lotter, T F Jackson, E Tannich","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Two enzyme immuno assays based on a single recombinant Entamoeba histolytica antigen (P1-EIA) or soluble E. histolytica extract (SA-EIA) as well as a latex agglutination test using an E. histolytica membrane fraction (M-LA) were evaluated for its use to detect anti-amebic serum antibodies in patients from Durban, South Africa, an area endemic for amebiasis. In a previous study, all three test systems were found to be reliable in terms of sensitivity and specificity when applied to sera of European individuals. By analysing a total of 167 serum samples of patients from the Durban area, suffering from invasive amebiasis (n = 76) or miscellaneous diseases unrelated to E. histolytica infection (n = 91), the present study revealed sensitivity for the detection of anti-amebic antibodies of 97.4% for SA-EIA, 86.8% for P1-EIA and 96.1% for M-LA, respectively. Specificity was high for P1-EIA (96.7%) and M-LA (92.3%) but substantially lower for SA-EIA (62.6%). In addition, antibody responses to the recombinant P1 antigen were analysed in 16 patients with amebic liver abscess before and after anti-amebic treatment. The results indicated that most of the patients lost their specific antibody response within 7 month of follow up. Therefore, P1-EIA seems to be a valuable test for distinguishing between present and past E. histolytica infections.","PeriodicalId":77449,"journal":{"name":"Tropical medicine and parasitology : official organ of Deutsche Tropenmedizinische Gesellschaft and of Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ)","volume":"46 3","pages":"180-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19513087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Successful application of deltamethrin pour on to cattle in a campaign against tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) in the pastoral zone of Samorogouan, Burkina Faso. 在布基纳法索萨莫罗古万牧区的一场防治采采蝇运动中，成功地在牛身上喷洒了溴氰菊酯。

Tropical medicine and parasitology : official organ of Deutsche Tropenmedizinische Gesellschaft and of Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) Pub Date : 1995-09-01

B Bauer, S Amsler-Delafosse, P H Clausen, I Kabore, J Petrich-Bauer

{"title":"Successful application of deltamethrin pour on to cattle in a campaign against tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) in the pastoral zone of Samorogouan, Burkina Faso.","authors":"B Bauer, S Amsler-Delafosse, P H Clausen, I Kabore, J Petrich-Bauer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"1,500-2,000 head of cattle were treated with deltamethrin 1% Spot On in an area of high tsetse densities, notably of Glossina morsitans submorsitans. After four treatments at monthly intervals, the time between two treatments was increased to two months. 11 months after the commencement of the campaign the fly population had decreased from initially 54.2 flies/trap/day to densities varying between 0.06-2.0 flies/trap/day, mostly G. palpalis gambiensis. Blood-meal analysis showed that this species was surviving in limited areas, mainly feeding on monitor lizards; consequently it is unlikely that this species can be eradicated solely by the use of cattle treated with a pyrethroid. The resistance of Trypanosoma congolense to all commercially available trypanocides necessitated the epidemiological monitoring of calves which were born after the start of the campaign in order to reasses the real challenge. The risk of new infections was low, basically due to contracts between the cattle and tsetse outside the ranching area. A weight increase from 122.3 kg to 213.6 kg of calves aged 6-12 months was recorded from October 1993 to October 1994. An average daily weight gain of more than 400 g was observed from the end of April 1994 to the beginning of August 1994.","PeriodicalId":77449,"journal":{"name":"Tropical medicine and parasitology : official organ of Deutsche Tropenmedizinische Gesellschaft and of Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ)","volume":"46 3","pages":"183-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19513088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0