The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology最新文献_第4页

Evidence for rule-based processes in the inverse base-rate effect. 反比基础率效应中基于规则的过程的证据。

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology Pub Date : 2005-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724980443000331

Anders Winman, Pia Wennerholm, Peter Juslin, David R Shanks

引用次数: 34

Does binocular disparity or familiar size information override effects of relative size on judgements of time to contact? 双眼差异或熟悉的尺寸信息是否会影响相对尺寸对接触时间的判断?

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology Pub Date : 2005-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724980443000377

Patricia R DeLucia

{"title":"Does binocular disparity or familiar size information override effects of relative size on judgements of time to contact?","authors":"Patricia R DeLucia","doi":"10.1080/02724980443000377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02724980443000377","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies indicate that non-tau sources of depth information, such as pictorial depth cues, can influence judgements of time to contact (TTC). The effect of relative size on such judgements, the size-arrival effect, is particularly robust. However, earlier studies of the size-arrival effect did not include binocular disparity or familiar size information. The effects of these cues on relative TTC judgements were measured. Results suggested that disparity can eliminate the size-arrival effect but that the amount of disparity needed to do so is greater than typical stereoacuity thresholds. In contrast, familiar size eliminated the size-arrival effect even when disparity information was not available. Furthermore, disparity contributed more to performance when familiar size was present than when it was absent. Consistent with previous studies, TTC judgements were influenced by multiple sources of information. The present results suggested further that familiar size is one such source of information and that familiar size moderates the influence of binocular disparity information.","PeriodicalId":77437,"journal":{"name":"The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology","volume":"58 5","pages":"865-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02724980443000377","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25622396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 38

Visual memory for objects in natural scenes: from fixations to object files. 自然场景中对象的视觉记忆:从固定到对象文件。

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology Pub Date : 2005-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724980443000430

Benjamin W Tatler, Iain D Gilchrist, Michael F Land

{"title":"Visual memory for objects in natural scenes: from fixations to object files.","authors":"Benjamin W Tatler, Iain D Gilchrist, Michael F Land","doi":"10.1080/02724980443000430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02724980443000430","url":null,"abstract":"Object descriptions are extracted and retained across saccades when observers view natural scenes. We investigated whether particular object properties are encoded and the stability of the resulting memories. We tested immediate recall of multiple types of information from real-world scenes and from computer-presented images of the same scenes. The relationship between fixations and properties of object memory was investigated. Position information was encoded and accumulated from multiple fixations. In contrast, identity and colour were encoded but did not require direct fixation and did not accumulate. In the current experiments, participants were unable to recall any information about shape or relative distances between objects. In addition, where information was encoded we found differential patterns of stability. Data from viewing real scenes and images were highly consistent, with stronger effects in the real-world conditions. Our findings imply that object files are not dependent upon the encoding of any particular object property and so are robust to dynamic visual environments.","PeriodicalId":77437,"journal":{"name":"The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology","volume":"58 5","pages":"931-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02724980443000430","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25622399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 112

The effect of external representations on numeric tasks. 外部表示对数字任务的影响。

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology Pub Date : 2005-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724980443000340

Jiajie Zhang, Hongbin Wang

引用次数: 103

Serial position memory in the visual-spatial domain: reconstructing sequences of unfamiliar faces. 视觉空间领域的序列位置记忆:不熟悉面孔序列的重建。

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology Pub Date : 2005-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724980443000412

Mary M Smyth, Dennis C Hay, Graham J Hitch, Neil J Horton

引用次数: 90

Old-fashioned responses in an updating memory task. 更新记忆任务中的老式响应。

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology Pub Date : 2005-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724980443000395

M Ruiz, M R Elosúa, M T Lechuga

{"title":"Old-fashioned responses in an updating memory task.","authors":"M Ruiz, M R Elosúa, M T Lechuga","doi":"10.1080/02724980443000395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02724980443000395","url":null,"abstract":"Errors in a running memory task are analysed. Participants were presented with a variable-length list of items and were asked to report the last four items. It has been proposed (Morris & Jones, 1990) that this task requires two mechanisms: the temporal storage of the target set by the articulatory loop and its updating by the central executive. Two implicit assumptions in this proposal are (a) the preservation of serial order, and (b) participants' capacity to discard earlier items from the target subset as list presentation is running, and new items are appended. Order preservation within the updated target list and the inhibition of the outdated list items should imply a relatively higher rate of location errors for items from the medial positions of the target list and a lower rate of intrusion errors from the outdated and inhibited items from the pretarget positions. Contrary to these expectations, for both consonants (Experiment 1) and words (Experiment 2) we found recency effects and a relatively high rate of intrusions from the final pretarget positions, most of them from the very last. Similar effects were apparent with the embedded four-item lists for catch trials. These results are clearly at odds with the presumed updating by the central executive.","PeriodicalId":77437,"journal":{"name":"The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology","volume":"58 5","pages":"887-908"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02724980443000395","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25622397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 34

Prior belief and polarity in multicue learning. 多元学习中的先验信念与极性。

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology Pub Date : 2005-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724980443000133

Jonathan St B T Evans, John Clibbens, Anita Harris

{"title":"Prior belief and polarity in multicue learning.","authors":"Jonathan St B T Evans, John Clibbens, Anita Harris","doi":"10.1080/02724980443000133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02724980443000133","url":null,"abstract":"We report two experiments in which participants are trained using a multicue probability learning (MCPL) task, which attempts to simulate the acquisition of expert judgement by experience in the real world. Participants were asked to predict performance in certain occupations given a profile of personality test results with trial-by-trial outcome feedback. Only some cues were relevant, and the polarity of the cues (positive or negative predictors) was unspecified. In addition, 25% of random noise was added to the feedback to simulate real world uncertainty. The main factor of interest was that the role of prior belief (determined in a separate study of stereotypes) interfered with the learning process. Experiment 1 failed to find any influence of prior belief in the cues that were irrelevant to the criterion being trained. However, in Experiment 2 people learned to use the relevant cues better when their effect conformed with rather than conflicted with prior belief Both experiments showed strong effects of cue polarity, with positive predictors much more easily learned. The results are discussed with reference to the cognitive processes involved in MCPL and closely related tasks.","PeriodicalId":77437,"journal":{"name":"The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology","volume":"58 4","pages":"651-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02724980443000133","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25252502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Unsupervised categorization and category learning. 无监督分类和类别学习。

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology Pub Date : 2005-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724980443000322

Emmanuel M Pothos, Nick Chater

{"title":"Unsupervised categorization and category learning.","authors":"Emmanuel M Pothos, Nick Chater","doi":"10.1080/02724980443000322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02724980443000322","url":null,"abstract":"When people categorize a set of items in a certain way they often change their perceptions for these items so that they become more compatible with the learned categorization. In two experiments we examined whether such changes are extensive enough to change the unsupervised categorization for the items-that is, the categorization of the items that is considered more intuitive or natural without any learning. In Experiment 1 we directly employed an unsupervised categorization task; in Experiment 2 we collected similarity ratings for the items and inferred unsupervised categorizations using Pothos and Chater's (2002) model of unsupervised categorization. The unsupervised categorization for the items changed to resemble more the learned one when this was specified by the suppression of a stimulus dimension (both experiments), but less so when it was almost specified by the suppression of a stimulus dimension (Experiment 1, nonsignificant trend in Experiment 2). By contrast, no changes in the unsupervised categorization were observed when participants were taught a classification that was specified by a more fine tuning of the relative salience of the two dimensions.","PeriodicalId":77437,"journal":{"name":"The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology","volume":"58 4","pages":"733-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02724980443000322","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25252506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 45

Shifts of spatial attention in perceived 3-D space. 感知三维空间中空间注意力的转移。

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology Pub Date : 2005-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724980443000548

Shihui Han, Xiaoang Wan, Glyn W Humphreys

引用次数: 13

Sex differences in eye gaze and symbolic cueing of attention. 眼神凝视和注意的象征性暗示的性别差异。

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology Pub Date : 2005-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724980443000124

Andrew P Bayliss, Giuseppe di Pellegrino, Steven P Tipper

{"title":"Sex differences in eye gaze and symbolic cueing of attention.","authors":"Andrew P Bayliss, Giuseppe di Pellegrino, Steven P Tipper","doi":"10.1080/02724980443000124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02724980443000124","url":null,"abstract":"Observing a face with averted eyes results in a reflexive shift of attention to the gazed-at location. Here we present results that show that this effect is weaker in males than in females (Experiment 1). This result is predicted by the 'extreme male brain' theory of autism (Baron-Cohen, 2003), which suggests that males in the normal population should display more autism-like traits than females (e.g., poor joint attention). Indeed, participants' scores on the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (Baron-Cohen, Wheelwright, Stott, Bolton, & Goodyear, 2001) negatively correlated with cueing magnitude. Furthermore, exogenous orienting did not differ between the sexes in two peripheral cueing experiments (Experiments 2a and 2b). However, a final experiment showed that using nonpredictive arrows instead of eyes as a central cue also revealed a large gender difference. This demonstrates that reduced orienting from central cues in males generalizes beyond gaze cues. These results show that while peripheral cueing is equivalent in the male and female brains, the attention systems of the two sexes treat noninformative symbolic cues very differently.","PeriodicalId":77437,"journal":{"name":"The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology","volume":"58 4","pages":"631-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02724980443000124","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25252501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 313