Giornale italiano di medicina del lavoro最新文献_第8页

[Standardization of the values of the concentration of exogenous substances in the urine and expired air]. [尿液和过期空气中外源性物质浓度值的标准化]。

Giornale italiano di medicina del lavoro Pub Date : 1993-09-01

G Pezzagno

{"title":"[Standardization of the values of the concentration of exogenous substances in the urine and expired air].","authors":"G Pezzagno","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Workplace pollutants, inhaled by exposed people, can be subsequently excreted by the kidney as biotransformed or by the lung as parent substances. In both cases the concentration values need to be corrected to a given hydration level (the urinary metabolites) or to a value adjusting the effects of respiratory manoeuvres and those of the mixing between alveolar and dead space air (the volatile substances eliminated through the respiratory tract). The classical methods of standardization of urinary values lie in expressing the data as a value adjusted to a constant specific gravity of urine (1.020) or as a creatinine-adjusted concentration (amount of a compound in urine per gram of urinary creatinine). In the light of the recent researches, such adjustment would not be sufficient to correct the effects of the variability due to urinary volume or flow rate. New formulas to standardize the crude values of urinary concentration have been proposed; such adjustment should be more suitable. The concentration of volatile compounds present in expiratory air samples can be modified by hyperventilation or hypoventilation during sampling manoeuvres (1st factor) and by the mixing between dead space and alveolar air (2nd factor). These two factors similarly affect the CO2 concentration or CO2 partial pressure. Then, a proper standardization of the concentration of the pollutants in expired air samples might be their adjustment to a value corresponding to the normal level of alveolar CO2 partial pressure (PACO2 = 40 mmHg) or alveolar CO2 concentration (FACO2 approximately 0.055 or 5.5%).","PeriodicalId":77147,"journal":{"name":"Giornale italiano di medicina del lavoro","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18620585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Occupational asthma: fate and management after the diagnosis. 职业性哮喘:诊断后的命运与处理。

Giornale italiano di medicina del lavoro Pub Date : 1993-01-01

G Moscato, R Bertoletti, G Biscaldi, A Dellabianca, R Niniano, M C Colli

{"title":"Occupational asthma: fate and management after the diagnosis.","authors":"G Moscato, R Bertoletti, G Biscaldi, A Dellabianca, R Niniano, M C Colli","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The clinical and socio-professional fate of subjects with occupational asthma is not univocal. We re-examined twenty-nine subjects diagnosed in our center as suffering from this disease an average 14 months, SE 1.54 after the diagnosis. At the follow-up examination each patient underwent interview, spirometry and methacholine challenge, 18 patients (group A) had ceased exposure to the sensitizing agent but among them only 7 had been relocated in another area of the plant, the others had resigned or retired. The other patients had not changed workplace, 7 (group B) having had intermittent exposure to the offending agent and 4 (group C) having continued to be exposed daily. At the follow-up examination only 9 patients were asymptomatic, each of them belonging to group A, whereas in the other 9 of the same group symptoms persisted, although reduced. In group B and C all patients were still symptomatic and required pharmacologic treatment. Within group A patients who became asymptomatic had shorter duration of symptoms before diagnosis (12.9 months, SE 6.4 vs 23.9, SE 9.7), higher FEV-1 (96.1, SE 6.7 vs 86.9, SE 5.6) and PD20FEV-1 (1773.4 micrograms, SE 590 vs 730.8, SE 295) at the time of the diagnosis and showed a significant (p < 0.01) increase in FEV-1 (from 96.1, SE 6.2 to 101.6, SE 5.5) and a tendency to decrease in bronchial reactivity to methacholine at the follow-up examination. At the time of the follow-up examination only 5 out of 29 patients (17.2%) had been contacted by the compensation board.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)","PeriodicalId":77147,"journal":{"name":"Giornale italiano di medicina del lavoro","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18721967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Oxyuriasis: its indoor transmission correlated with crowding in housing]. [尿氧症:其室内传播与房屋拥挤有关]。

Giornale italiano di medicina del lavoro Pub Date : 1993-01-01

I de Carneri

引用次数: 0

Needs and requirements for undergraduate and graduate training in environmental and occupational epidemiology. 环境和职业流行病学本科生和研究生培训的需要和要求。

Giornale italiano di medicina del lavoro Pub Date : 1993-01-01 DOI: 10.1201/9780429263361-18

W. Jędrychowski, U. Maugeri

{"title":"Needs and requirements for undergraduate and graduate training in environmental and occupational epidemiology.","authors":"W. Jędrychowski, U. Maugeri","doi":"10.1201/9780429263361-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429263361-18","url":null,"abstract":"Training in modern medicine aims at teaching not only the structure and function of the human organism in health and in disease, but also it aims at revealing the factors responsible for human health. The second field of teaching is based mainly on epidemiology. In undergraduate teaching, the epidemiological training should be introduced as early as possible in the curriculum and possibly divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. With the increasing awareness that the maintenance of health in populations is an ecological problem, there is also a growing need for professional epidemiologists who could assist in recognizing health risks, assessing and developing prevention strategies and in arranging of health services in a responsible way. The objectives of graduate teaching in epidemiology are different from those of undergraduate teaching. The graduate teaching should cover not only professional epidemiologists but also should be addressed to health services administrators, clinicians and graduates from other specialists and paramedical and auxiliary personnel. The needs and requirements for teaching epidemiology in undergraduate and postgraduate levels have been discussed against the background of currently available courses in Europe and local perception of environmental and occupational problems in European countries.","PeriodicalId":77147,"journal":{"name":"Giornale italiano di medicina del lavoro","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65944777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

[A new environmental pathology: styrene-induced rhinitis]. [一种新的环境病理学:苯乙烯诱发的鼻炎]。

Giornale italiano di medicina del lavoro Pub Date : 1993-01-01

F Candura, L Perfetti, L Cretti, E Galdi, G Biscaldi, R Fonte, G Moscato

引用次数: 0

Needs and requirements for undergraduate and graduate training in environmental and occupational epidemiology. 环境和职业流行病学本科生和研究生培训的需要和要求。

Giornale italiano di medicina del lavoro Pub Date : 1993-01-01

W Jedrychowski, U Maugeri

{"title":"Needs and requirements for undergraduate and graduate training in environmental and occupational epidemiology.","authors":"W Jedrychowski, U Maugeri","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Training in modern medicine aims at teaching not only the structure and function of the human organism in health and in disease, but also it aims at revealing the factors responsible for human health. The second field of teaching is based mainly on epidemiology. In undergraduate teaching, the epidemiological training should be introduced as early as possible in the curriculum and possibly divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. With the increasing awareness that the maintenance of health in populations is an ecological problem, there is also a growing need for professional epidemiologists who could assist in recognizing health risks, assessing and developing prevention strategies and in arranging of health services in a responsible way. The objectives of graduate teaching in epidemiology are different from those of undergraduate teaching. The graduate teaching should cover not only professional epidemiologists but also should be addressed to health services administrators, clinicians and graduates from other specialists and paramedical and auxiliary personnel. The needs and requirements for teaching epidemiology in undergraduate and postgraduate levels have been discussed against the background of currently available courses in Europe and local perception of environmental and occupational problems in European countries.","PeriodicalId":77147,"journal":{"name":"Giornale italiano di medicina del lavoro","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18724955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[The inhalation of low concentrations of manganese powders produces changes in respiratory mucociliary clearance]. [吸入低浓度锰粉会改变呼吸道黏毛清除]。

Giornale italiano di medicina del lavoro Pub Date : 1993-01-01

L Di Lorenzo, F Sacchitelli, M Margiotta, F Cassano, G Elia, M M Pegorari, L Soleo

{"title":"[The inhalation of low concentrations of manganese powders produces changes in respiratory mucociliary clearance].","authors":"L Di Lorenzo, F Sacchitelli, M Margiotta, F Cassano, G Elia, M M Pegorari, L Soleo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to verify whether inhaling metallic dusts, containing a lower concentration of Mn (as Mn3O4) than current TLV can cause alterations in exposed workers tracheobronchial mucociliary clearance. We studied 20 grinders using an 11.5-13% Mn steel, and a control group of 21 standard steel grinders, employed in the same foundry. Environmental Mn dust was measured by personal samplers. All workers were administered a questionnaire about chronic bronchitis; the following examinations were also carried out: medical examination, spirometry, chest standard X-ray and urinary Mn dosage. Mucociliary clearance was measured by human respiratory mucus transportability on frog palate and expressed as normalized frog palate transport rate (NFPTR). Mucus was obtained through a sputum so protected as to avoid salivary contamination. Environmental measurements showed a Mn concentration from 0.1 to 1 mg/m3 with respect to a TLV of 5 mg/m3. Exposed workers and control group were homogeneous as far as age, working period, tobacco smoking habit and spirometric parameters are concerned. Chest X-ray examination showed no evidence of pneumoconiosis. Mn exposed workers showed a NFPTR reduction, if compared to normal level (0.70). NFPTR average value in exposed group has come out to be much lower than in control group. NFPTR alteration in Mn exposed group appears to be strictly linked to a longer than 15 years working seniority. Urinary Mn values resulted extremely low in each worker and their average was not significantly different between the groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)","PeriodicalId":77147,"journal":{"name":"Giornale italiano di medicina del lavoro","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18721966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Chronic progressive obliterating arteriopathy and muscle fatigue: the role of frequency analysis of the electromyographic signal]. 慢性进行性闭塞性动脉病变与肌肉疲劳:肌电信号频率分析的作用。

Giornale italiano di medicina del lavoro Pub Date : 1993-01-01

R Casale, A di Massa, M Buonocore, V Cassone, C Paradiso, L De Vito, A Rognoni, S Mancini, C Setacci

引用次数: 0

[Indoor pollution: a report of 2 clinical cases of occult carbon monoxide poisoning]. 【室内污染:隐匿性一氧化碳中毒2例临床报告】。

Giornale italiano di medicina del lavoro Pub Date : 1993-01-01

S M Candura, R Fonte, E Finozzi, F Guarnone, L Taglione, L Manzo, G Biscaldi

{"title":"[Indoor pollution: a report of 2 clinical cases of occult carbon monoxide poisoning].","authors":"S M Candura, R Fonte, E Finozzi, F Guarnone, L Taglione, L Manzo, G Biscaldi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"A large part of the general population is potentially exposed to excessive concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), both in the domestic and work environment. Beside acute, often fatal poisoning, the possibility of occult intoxication should be considered; this condition can affect people who are often unaware of the existence of a toxic exposure in their homes or work places. We describe two non-smoking patients, husband and wife, 53 and 57 years old, respectively, who suffered cephalea, nausea and neurobehavioural disturbances during a period of approximately one year; these symptoms were reported to improve or disappear on several occasions during the patients' absence from home. Careful anamnesis suggested a protracted exposure to nonlethal concentrations of CO contaminating the patients' bed-chamber from the misfunctioning flue of the heating system. It was not possible to measure carboxyhaemoglobinemia until approximately 24 hours since the last presumptive exposure. The levels found were therefore relatively low (4-5%), yet higher than the reference values for normal non-smoking subjects. Carboxyhaemoglobin concentrations almost returned into the normal range during the period of hospitalization. These two cases exemplify how low level CO exposure may cause aspecific pathological manifestations that are often misdiagnosed or overlooked.","PeriodicalId":77147,"journal":{"name":"Giornale italiano di medicina del lavoro","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18722520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Audiometry in the cellulose industry]. [纤维素工业的听力测定]。

Giornale italiano di medicina del lavoro Pub Date : 1993-01-01

C R Corrao, L Milano, P Pedulla, G Carlesi, A Bacaloni, E Monaco

引用次数: 0