Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs最新文献_第3页

Self-construals and values in different cultural and socioeconomic contexts. 不同文化和社会经济背景下的自我理解和价值观。

Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs Pub Date : 2004-11-01 DOI: 10.3200/MONO.130.4.277-306

E Olcay Imamoğlu, Zahide Karakitapoğlu-Aygün

{"title":"Self-construals and values in different cultural and socioeconomic contexts.","authors":"E Olcay Imamoğlu, Zahide Karakitapoğlu-Aygün","doi":"10.3200/MONO.130.4.277-306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3200/MONO.130.4.277-306","url":null,"abstract":"In this study the authors investigated (a) how individuational and relational self-orientations, as well as self-directed and other-directed values, are related to one another, and (b) how these self- and value orientations differ across 2 cultural (i.e., 422 Turkish and 441 American university students) and 2 socioeconomic status (SES) groups (i.e., 186 lower SES and 167 upper SES Turkish high school students). Across cross-cultural and SES groups, individuational and relational self-orientations appeared to be not opposite but distinct orientations, as predicted by the Balanced Integration-Differentiation (BID) model (E. O. Imamoglu, 2003). Furthermore, both Turkish and American students with similar self-construal types, as suggested by the BID model, showed similar value orientations, pointing to both cross-cultural similarities and within-cultural diversity. Individuational and relational self-orientations showed weak to moderate associations with the respective value domains of self-directedness and other-directedness, which seemed to represent separate but somewhat positively correlated orientations. In both cross-cultural and SES groups, students tended to be high in both relational and individuational self-orientations; those trends were particularly strong among the Turkish and American women compared with men and among the upper SES Turkish adolescents compared with lower SES adolescents. Results are discussed as contesting the assumptions that regard the individuational and relational orientations as opposites and as supporting the search for invariant aspects of psychological functioning across contexts.","PeriodicalId":77145,"journal":{"name":"Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs","volume":"130 4","pages":"277-306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3200/MONO.130.4.277-306","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25667797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 58

When ideals are too "far off': physical self-ideal discrepancy and body dissatisfaction in Japan. 当理想太“遥远”时:日本人对自我理想的不一致和对身体的不满。

Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs Pub Date : 2004-11-01 DOI: 10.3200/MONO.130.4.333-364

Rotem Kowner

{"title":"When ideals are too \"far off': physical self-ideal discrepancy and body dissatisfaction in Japan.","authors":"Rotem Kowner","doi":"10.3200/MONO.130.4.333-364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3200/MONO.130.4.333-364","url":null,"abstract":"There is much evidence that young Japanese adults manifest relatively low body esteem-a phenomenon often explained as an outcome of modesty or limited need for self-enhancement. The author sought to identify additional determinants of this phenomenon and to explain its sources by examining the relationship between several presumed factors and level of body satisfaction rated by 263 Japanese students. The findings confirm earlier evidence of low body satisfaction among young Japanese adults and indicate that it is predicted mainly by a discrepancy between perceptions of the actual body and the ideal, self-esteem, and a predisposition to interpersonal phobia. Although some of the factors revealed are relevant to other cultures as well, the relatively wide discrepancy between self and ideal body and predisposition to interpersonal phobia may characterize young Japanese adults in particular and stem from a specific historical background. Overall, the results suggest that culture has a significant role in shaping collective body images in Japan and that a broader conceptualization of physical self-ideal discrepancy may better explain divergent levels of body satisfaction across cultures.","PeriodicalId":77145,"journal":{"name":"Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs","volume":"130 4","pages":"333-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3200/MONO.130.4.333-364","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25667761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 26

Reducing the drop-out rates of at-risk high school students: the Effective Learning Program (ELP). 降低高危高中生的辍学率:有效学习计划(ELP)。

Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs Pub Date : 2004-08-01 DOI: 10.3200/MONO.130.3.225-240

Stephen Nowicki, Marshall P Duke, Sherleen Sisney, Bridget Stricker, Mary Ann Tyler

{"title":"Reducing the drop-out rates of at-risk high school students: the Effective Learning Program (ELP).","authors":"Stephen Nowicki, Marshall P Duke, Sherleen Sisney, Bridget Stricker, Mary Ann Tyler","doi":"10.3200/MONO.130.3.225-240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3200/MONO.130.3.225-240","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Effective Learning Program (ELP) with students who are at high risk for dropping out of high school. The intervention sought to change external control expectancies to more internal ones, improve students' skills in building relationships with peers and adults, and increase graduation rates. Thirty-eight students considered at risk for dropping out of high school received the intervention. In addition, ELP-eligible students who did not receive the ELP intervention (n = 36) and regular education students (n = 50) from the same high school were compared with the students who received the ELP. A significantly greater percentage of ELP students graduated, became more internally controlled, achieved more as shown by standardized tests, and developed greater social skills and better relationships than their ELP-eligible but nonparticipating peers. The authors suggest that researchers identify which aspects of the ELP are responsible for the improvement in retention, achievement, and personal attributes.","PeriodicalId":77145,"journal":{"name":"Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs","volume":"130 3","pages":"225-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3200/MONO.130.3.225-240","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25219514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 58

Dimensions of premorbid functioning in schizophrenia: a review of neuromotor, cognitive, social, and behavioral domains. 精神分裂症病前功能的维度:神经运动、认知、社会和行为领域的综述。

Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs Pub Date : 2004-08-01 DOI: 10.3200/MONO.130.3.241-272

Lindsay S Schenkel, Steven M Silverstein

引用次数: 53

A neurocognitive and socioecological model of self-awareness. 自我意识的神经认知和社会生态模型。

Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs Pub Date : 2004-08-01 DOI: 10.3200/MONO.130.3.197-224

Alain Morin

引用次数: 55

Emotional competence as antecedent to performance: a contingency framework. 表现前的情绪能力:一个权变框架。

Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs Pub Date : 2004-05-01 DOI: 10.3200/MONO.130.2.117-145

Rebecca Abraham

{"title":"Emotional competence as antecedent to performance: a contingency framework.","authors":"Rebecca Abraham","doi":"10.3200/MONO.130.2.117-145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3200/MONO.130.2.117-145","url":null,"abstract":"Emotional intelligence is the ability to monitor one's own and others' thinking and actions. In this integrative review, the author seeks to determine the causes of the weak relationship between emotional intelligence and performance by positing that certain emotional competencies, rather than emotional intelligence, are the true predictors of performance. The author theorizes that emotional competencies (including self-control, resilience, social skills, conscientiousness, reliability, integrity, and motivation) interact with organizational climate and job demands or job autonomy to influence performance, as represented in the form of 5 empirically testable propositions. Self-control and emotional resilience are considered to delay the onset of a decline in performance from excessive job demands. Social skills, conscientiousness, reliability, and integrity assist to promote trust, which in turn may build cohesiveness among the members of work groups. Motivation may fuel job involvement in environments that promise psychological safety and psychological meaningfulness. A combination of superior social skills and conscientiousness may enhance the self-sacrifice of benevolent employees to heightened levels of dependability and consideration. Finally, emotional honesty, self-confidence, and emotional resilience can promote superior performance, if positive feedback is delivered in an informative manner, and can mitigate the adverse effects of negative feedback.","PeriodicalId":77145,"journal":{"name":"Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs","volume":"130 2","pages":"117-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3200/MONO.130.2.117-145","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24866506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 43

A test of the ability to identify emotion in human standing and sitting postures: the diagnostic analysis of nonverbal accuracy-2 posture test (DANVA2-POS). 人类站立和坐姿情感识别能力的测试:非语言准确性-2姿势测试(DANVA2-POS)的诊断分析。

Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs Pub Date : 2004-05-01 DOI: 10.3200/MONO.130.2.146-162

Hallee Pitterman, Stephen Nowicki

{"title":"A test of the ability to identify emotion in human standing and sitting postures: the diagnostic analysis of nonverbal accuracy-2 posture test (DANVA2-POS).","authors":"Hallee Pitterman, Stephen Nowicki","doi":"10.3200/MONO.130.2.146-162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3200/MONO.130.2.146-162","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the present study was to introduce the Diagnostic Analysis of Nonverbal Accuracy for Postures (DANVA2-POS), a test that measures an individual's ability to identify emotion in human standing and sitting postures. The authors describe the construction and selection of the test items. Types of standing and sitting postures were generated from a set of dimensions gleaned from a review of relevant theoretical and empirical literature. Two men and 2 women portraying standing and sitting postures were photographed. An empirical norming procedure was used to select 32 high- and low-intensity standing and sitting postures representing happiness, sadness, anger, and fear. Three hypotheses guided the collection of construct validity evidence. Consistent with the hypotheses, data from 243 participants showed that DANVA2-POS scores increased in accuracy with age, were internally consistent and reliable over time, and were related to self-reported loneliness, fear of negative evaluation, and locus of control. The authors report construct validity evidence from 6 additional studies. Future applications of the DANVA2-POS test are described.","PeriodicalId":77145,"journal":{"name":"Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs","volume":"130 2","pages":"146-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3200/MONO.130.2.146-162","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24866387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 84

Dating partners' responses to simulated dating conflict: violence chronicity, expectations, and emotional quality of relationship. 约会对象对模拟约会冲突的反应:暴力的长期性、期望和关系的情感质量。

Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs Pub Date : 2004-05-01 DOI: 10.3200/MONO.130.2.163-192

Robert F Marcus

引用次数: 13

"A good education is ...." The development of evaluative thought across the life span. “良好的教育是....”贯穿一生的评价思维的发展。

Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs Pub Date : 2004-02-01 DOI: 10.3200/MONO.130.1.4-112

Theo L Dawson-Tunik

{"title":"\"A good education is ....\" The development of evaluative thought across the life span.","authors":"Theo L Dawson-Tunik","doi":"10.3200/MONO.130.1.4-112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3200/MONO.130.1.4-112","url":null,"abstract":"The author uses a cognitive developmental approach to investigate educational conceptions, addressing the question, How does evaluative reasoning about education change over the course of cognitive development? The author conducted independent analyses of the developmental level and conceptual content of 246 interview performances of individuals aged 5 to 86 years. The developmental level of the interview performances was assessed with a content-general scoring system, the Hierarchical Complexity Scoring System. A Rasch analysis of the results revealed 6 developmental levels and provided support for invariant sequence, developmental spurts and plateaus, and similar developmental patterns for childhood and adulthood levels. The results of the subsequent analysis of the propositional content of the same interview texts were used to produce qualitative descriptions of changes in evaluative reasoning about education across the 6 levels identified in the data. Finally, descriptions constructed in this way, although richer and less prone to reification, were shown to be conceptually analogous to the stage definitions produced by other cognitive developmental researchers. The implications of the method and findings are discussed.","PeriodicalId":77145,"journal":{"name":"Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs","volume":"130 1","pages":"4-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3200/MONO.130.1.4-112","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40900077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 41

Individuation and relatedness: not opposing but distinct and complementary. 个体化与关联性:不是对立的，而是鲜明互补的。

Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs Pub Date : 2003-11-01

E Olcay Imamoglu

{"title":"Individuation and relatedness: not opposing but distinct and complementary.","authors":"E Olcay Imamoglu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the author aims to contribute to a better understanding of the association between relational and individuational self-orientations and the roles they play in the self-system. The author highlights the controversial assumptions regarding the opposite or distinct nature of the orientations' association and explores how they relate to each other and to some self- and family-related variables by a questionnaire study. On the basis of the Balanced Integration-Differentiation model (E. O. Imamoglu, 1998), relatedness and individuation were hypothesized to refer to distinct and complementary self-orientations; the former was expected to be associated more with affect-related variables (i.e., perceived parental love-acceptance, self- and family satisfaction), whereas the latter was expected to be associated more with intrinsic-motivational variables (i.e., need for cognition and negatively with perceived parental control). University students (N = 274) from Turkey participated in the study. Results indicated that (a) individuation and relatedness were not negatively correlated; (b) perceived parental love-acceptance predicted relatedness both directly and indirectly through the mediation of self- and family satisfaction, whereas perceived parental control predicted (negatively) individuation indirectly through the mediation of need for cognition, a strong predictor of individuation; and (c) being both related and individuated appeared to be associated with optimal psychological functioning, the implications of which are discussed.","PeriodicalId":77145,"journal":{"name":"Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs","volume":"129 4","pages":"367-402"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24654108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0