Alcohol最新文献

{"title":"CT-optimal touch modulates alcohol-cue-elicited heart rate variability in alcohol use disorder patients during early abstinence: A randomized controlled study","authors":"Juliana Harkki ,&nbsp;Pauli Tuovinen ,&nbsp;Veikko Jousmäki ,&nbsp;Goncalo Barreto ,&nbsp;Pekka Rapeli ,&nbsp;Jussi Palomäki ,&nbsp;Jonne Annevirta ,&nbsp;Anna–Helena Puisto ,&nbsp;Francis McGlone ,&nbsp;Heikki Nieminen ,&nbsp;Hannu Alho","doi":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a chronic brain disorder associated with a high risk of relapse and a limited treatment efficacy. Relapses may occur even after long periods of abstinence and are often triggered by stress or cue induced alcohol craving. C-tactile afferents (CT) are cutaneous nerve fibers postulated to encode pleasant affective touch and known to modulate physiological stress responses. However, their translational potential has not yet been explored extensively in controlled clinical trials. This randomized controlled study aimed to investigate the potential of CT stimulation in modulating relapse predicting biomarkers, physiological cue-reactivity, and subjective alcohol craving in AUD patients in early abstinence.</div><div>Twenty-one participants meeting DSM-5 criteria for mild to moderate AUD received CT-optimal touch or a non-CT-optimal control treatment while exposed to neutral, stress-inducing, and alcohol-related visual stimuli. The tactile treatment was provided with a robotic device, eliminating the social elements of touch. Heart rate variability (HRV), salivary cortisol, and subjective craving were assessed at the baseline, during and after the treatment and stimuli exposure.</div><div>The results showed that CT-optimal touch significantly reduced alcohol-cue-elicited standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) HRV compared to the control group, shifting the HRV reactivity to the direction known to indicate lower relapse susceptibility. Cortisol levels showed no significant differences between the groups, and subjective alcohol craving increased after alcohol cue exposure in both groups.</div><div>This study found that CT-optimal touch modulates autonomic cue-reactivity in AUD patients, encouraging further research on the therapeutic potential of affective touch. Future research should explore the long-term effects and real-world clinical relevance of CT-optimal touch in alcohol relapse prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7712,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol","volume":"123 ","pages":"Pages 19-26"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142752645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender differences in alcohol use disorder trends from 2009–2019: An intersectional analysis","authors":"T.L. Verplaetse ,&nbsp;R.F. Carretta ,&nbsp;C.A. Struble ,&nbsp;B. Pittman ,&nbsp;W. Roberts ,&nbsp;Y. Zakiniaeiz ,&nbsp;M.R. Peltier ,&nbsp;S.A. McKee","doi":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Trend estimates from national surveys over the last 20 years have suggested converging rates of alcohol use over time between adult men and women. However, limited research has utilized an intersectional lens to examine how sociodemographic characteristics influence gender differences in these trends.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The current study used data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) to examine whether gender intersected with race/ethnicity, age, education level, marital status, employment status, household income, and urbanicity on temporal trends (2009–2019) in alcohol use disorder (AUD). Logistic regression and linear trend analyses were conducted to examine interaction effects of sociodemographic variables and changes in rates of AUD over time in males and females.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We observed decreasing rates of AUD over time in males and females, with larger declines in males (<em>p</em> = 0.01; OR = 0.96 in males vs. OR = 0.98 in females). We identified subpopulations of females that demonstrated little or no reductions during this timeframe (2009–2019), which varied by race/ethnicity, age, marital status, employment, and income but not by education or urbanicity. In adults aged 49 years and younger (overall <em>p</em> = 0.02; ages 18–25 OR = 0.92 in males vs. 0.96 in females, ages 26–29 OR = 0.97 in males vs. OR = 0.99 in females), and in those employed (overall <em>p</em> = 0.05; OR = 0.96 in males vs. OR = 0.99 in females), women demonstrated smaller declines in comparison to men. Additionally, women who reported that they were Black (<em>p</em> = 0.006; OR = 0.94 in males vs. OR = 1 in females), single (<em>p</em> = 0.009; OR = 0.94 in males vs. 0.96 in females) or earning between $20,000 and $49,000 (<em>p</em> = 0.012; OR = 0.96 in males vs. 0.98 in females), had smaller or no declines in AUD in compared to men with the same demographic characteristic.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings provide support for converging rates of AUD between genders and newly identify subpopulations of females that may be at heightened risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7712,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol","volume":"123 ","pages":"Pages 101-107"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single essential oils and their binary mixtures protect against ethanol-induced defects in a zebrafish fetal alcohol spectrum disorder model at the same level as folic acid","authors":"Andressa Raphaely de Lima Silva ,&nbsp;Maria Letícia Santos Carnaúba da Silva ,&nbsp;Jadson Freitas da Silva ,&nbsp;Katarine Evelyn Falcão e Falcão ,&nbsp;James A. Marrs ,&nbsp;Marilia Ribeiro Sales Cadena ,&nbsp;Pabyton Gonçalves Cadena","doi":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated protective effects of clove (SEO), thyme white (TEO), oregano (OEO), and caraway (CEO) essential oils (EOs), and their binary mixtures, in a zebrafish fetal alcohol spectrum disorder model. Furthermore, folic acid (FA) was used for comparison as it had previously shown protection against ethanol (EtOH)-induced defects. The co-exposure of zebrafish embryos to EtOH (150 mM) and FA (75 μM) or EOs and their binary mixtures (0.5–1 mg/L) was carried out during 6 or 22 h postfertilization (hpf). Different developmental endpoints (epiboly measurement, survival rate at 24 hpf, embryonic developmental progression measurement at 24 hpf, larval development at 48–96 hpf, and hatching rate at 72–96 hpf) were evaluated at 8–96 hpf. EtOH exposure reduced epiboly. Only FA and the SEO + TEO binary mixture protected against these defects, and SEO and TEO single exposure showed partial protection. Therefore, these groups were chosen for subsequent experiments. At 24 hpf, EtOH showed developmental delay and hatching rate was delayed at 72 hpf. FA, SEO, TEO, and SEO + TEO partially protected against these defects. This study supports the conclusion that FA partially protects against EtOH-induced defects. SEO and TEO single exposure partially protect against EtOH-induced defects. However, the binary mixture of SEO + TEO was more effective, showing similar efficacy as FA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7712,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol","volume":"123 ","pages":"Pages 77-86"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142634328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of reduction in stimulus generalization of ethanol-seeking during recovery: A rapid procedure","authors":"Hanana AlTfaili,&nbsp;R.J. Lamb,&nbsp;Brett C. Ginsburg","doi":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previously, we developed a procedure which showed that longer histories of reinforced alternative behavior decrease the risk of relapse caused by a range of stimuli which had previously occasioned drinking. The decrease in relapse risk was likely due to a decrease in attention to the stimuli over the course of repeated engagement in the alternative behavior. However, this previous procedure was time consuming and did not mirror the procedure we used to observe changes in relapse risk. This study aimed at replicating the previous relationship between the duration of engaging in an alternative behavior and shift in stimulus generalization for drinking using a procedure that allows longitudinal analysis over time and is consistent with other procedures we have developed. Rats were trained to respond for ethanol in the presence of one stimulus (16 kHz tone; food Fixed Ratio (FR)150 and ethanol FR5), and for food in the under another stimulus (8 kHz tone; food and ethanol FR5). Then, recovery-like sessions with food predominant responding occurred in the presence of only the low-cost food stimulus. During these sessions, rats were exposed to non-reinforced graded stimuli alternation from 8 to 16 kHz alternating with the reinforced low-cost food stimulus. The number of responses on each (food and ethanol) lever before completing 5 responses on either lever was the main measure. Consistent with the earlier procedure, the current procedure showed that graded variation of tone from 8 to 16 kHz produced a graded increase in responding for ethanol compared to responding for food. In addition, longer periods of engaging in recovery-like responding shift the generalization function downwards. This procedure confirms the earlier pattern of stimulus generalization over longer periods of behavior consistent with recovery. This strengthens our hypothesis that shifts in attention to alcohol-related stimuli are important to the development of relapse resistance during recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7712,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol","volume":"121 ","pages":"Pages 161-167"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142373689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring epigenetic modification of the stress-related FKBP5 gene in mice exposed to alcohol during early postnatal development","authors":"Ilknur Dursun ,&nbsp;Nur Damla Korkmaz ,&nbsp;Sinem Firtina ,&nbsp;Muhammed Salih Erkoyuncu ,&nbsp;Fahri Akbas ,&nbsp;Birsen Elibol","doi":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Early developmental exposure to alcohol has been implicated in adverse effects on the brain, often associated with the onset of neurodevelopmental disorders. Moreover, maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy has been linked to the manifestation of mental health disorders, such as depression and anxiety, in subsequent generations. These mood disturbances may be attributed to alterations in protein expressions related to depression and anxiety within the hippocampus. While the precise mechanisms remain elusive, it is likely that pre- and postnatal exposure to alcohol induces changes in hippocampus, potentially through epigenetic modifications. The <em>FKBP5</em> gene, known to modulate the stress response, is particularly relevant in this context. We postulate that alcohol-induced methylation of the <em>FKBP5</em> gene disrupts HPA axis function, thereby prompting individuals to anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviors. To investigate this hypothesis, female C57BL/6 pups were subjected to early alcohol exposure via intubation with ethanol mixed in artificial milk from Postnatal Day 3 to Day 20. The intubation control pups were subjected to the same procedures without ethanol or milk, and a non-intubated control group included. Anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviors were assessed using the open field test, plus maze test, forced swim test, and tail suspension test when the pups reached 3 months of age. For epigenetic analysis of the <em>FKBP5</em> gene, genomic DNA was isolated from hippocampal tissues and subjected to bisulfite conversion to distinguish methylated and unmethylated cytosines. Then, methylation-specific PCR was performed to assess methylation levels. Pups exposed to early postnatal alcohol exhibited increased levels of depression-like behavior and susceptibility to anxiety-like behavior during adolescence, as verified by behavioral assessments. Methylation profiling revealed higher rates of methylation within the stress-associated gene <em>FKBP5</em> in both the early postnatal alcohol-exposed cohort (13.82%) and the intubation control group (3.93%), in contrast to the control cohort devoid of stress or alcohol exposure. These findings suggest a potential epigenetic mechanism underlying the observed behavioral alterations, implicating <em>FKBP5</em> methylation as a candidate mediator of the increased vulnerability to mood disorders following early postnatal alcohol exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7712,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol","volume":"123 ","pages":"Pages 11-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142156916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time-course concentration of ethanol, acetaldehyde and acetate in rat brain dialysate following alcohol self-administration","authors":"Tse-Ang Lee ,&nbsp;Hongjoo J. Lee ,&nbsp;Regina A. Mangieri ,&nbsp;Rueben Gonzales ,&nbsp;Heba Ajmal ,&nbsp;Tanya Hutter","doi":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The unclear mechanisms of ethanol metabolism in the brain highlight the need for a deeper understanding of its metabolic pathways. This study used <em>in vivo</em> microdialysis to simultaneously sample ethanol and its metabolites, acetaldehyde and acetate, in the rat striatum following self-administration of ethanol, emphasizing the natural oral exposure route. To enhance the self-administration, rats underwent two-bottle-choice and limited access training. Dialysate samples, collected every 10 min for 2.5 h, were analyzed using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID). The measured time courses of dialysate concentrations of ethanol, acetaldehyde, and acetate provided insights into dynamics of ethanol metabolism. Notably, in a subject with low ethanol consumption (0.29 g/kg), the concentration of acetaldehyde remained below the limit of detection throughout the experiment. However, the acetate concentration was clearly increased after ethanol consumption in this subject and was comparable to that of other rats with higher ethanol consumption. Compared with focusing only on peak values in the time-courses of concentrations of ethanol and its metabolites, calculating areas under curves provided better models of the relationships between ethanol intake and individual ethanol metabolites, as indicated by the R-square values for the linear regressions. This approach of using the area under the curve accounts for both the amplitude and duration of the concentration profiles, reducing the impact of variations in individual drinking patterns. <em>In vivo</em> microdialysis enables concurrent sampling of brain metabolites during oral ethanol administration, contributing insights into metabolite dynamics. To our knowledge, this paper is the first to report measurement of all three analytes in the brain following self-administration of ethanol. Future studies will explore regional variations and dynamics post-ethanol dependence, further advancing our understanding of ethanol metabolism in the brain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7712,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol","volume":"123 ","pages":"Pages 69-76"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142147043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Operant ethanol self-administration behaviors do not predict sex differences in continuous access home cage drinking","authors":"Hye Jean Yoon ,&nbsp;Marie A. Doyle ,&nbsp;Megan E. Altemus ,&nbsp;Rishik Bethi ,&nbsp;Sofia H. Lago ,&nbsp;Danny G. Winder ,&nbsp;Erin S. Calipari","doi":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding sex differences in disease prevalence is critical to public health, particularly in the context of alcohol use disorder (AUD). The goal of this study was to understand sex differences in ethanol drinking behavior and define the precise conditions under which sex differences emerge. Consistent with prior work, C57BL/6J females drank more than males under continuous access two-bottle choice conditions. However, using ethanol self-administration - where an operant response results in access to an ethanol sipper for a fixed time period - we found no sex differences in operant response rates or ethanol consumption (volume per body weight consumed, as well as lick behavior). This remained true across a wide range of parameters including acquisition, when the ethanol sipper access period was manipulated, and when the concentration of the ethanol available was scaled. The only sex differences observed were in total ethanol consumption, which was explained by differences in body weight between males and females, rather than by sex differences in motivation to drink. Using dimensionality reduction approaches, we found that drinking behavior in the operant context did not cluster by sex, but rather clustered by high and low drinking phenotypes. Interestingly, these high and low drinking phenotypes in the operant context showed no correlation with those same categorizations in the home cage context within the same animals. These data underscore the complexity of sex differences in ethanol consumption, highlighting the important role that drinking conditions/context plays in the expression of these differences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7712,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol","volume":"123 ","pages":"Pages 87-99"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142115815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of social vulnerability index on patients with alcohol-related liver disease","authors":"Ayushi Jain ,&nbsp;Michael R. Wellner ,&nbsp;Jing Peng ,&nbsp;Jianing Ma ,&nbsp;Kenneth D. Allen ,&nbsp;Chelsey McShane ,&nbsp;Mitchell L. Ramsey ,&nbsp;Khalid Mumtaz ,&nbsp;Sean G. Kelly ,&nbsp;Lanla F. Conteh ,&nbsp;Robert Kirkpatrick ,&nbsp;Lindsay A. Sobotka","doi":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Alcohol related liver disease (ALD) affects diverse communities with individual and social characteristics that can impact outcomes. The social vulnerability index (SVI) assigns a score between 0 and 1, where higher scores represent an increased risk of social vulnerability. We sought to assess the impact of SVI on outcomes of patients hospitalized with ALD with access to social support services.</div></div><div><h3>Methods and materials</h3><div>Hospitalizations for ALD at our institution between March and August 2019 were reviewed. All patients were assigned an SVI score based on their residential census tract. Per our standard practice, patients were screened by care coordinators to identify needs for rehabilitation counseling, and care coordination after discharge. Demographics, hepatic decompensation, critical care needs, readmission, and mortality were compared.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 73 patients admitted for alcoholic hepatitis, 32 had a low SVI and 42 had a high SVI. African American patients were more likely to have a higher SVI (35% vs 0%, p=&lt;0.001). No significant difference in outcomes based on SVI was noted.</div><div>There were 393 patients admitted for alcoholic cirrhosis including 166 with a low SVI and 227 with a high SVI. Patients that were African American (23.6% vs 5.5%, p=&lt;0.001) or disabled (41.4% vs 29.5%, p = 0.008) had a higher SVI. No significant difference in outcomes based on SVI was noted.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Most patients admitted for ALD had a high SVI; however, SVI did not impact hospitalization outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7712,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol","volume":"121 ","pages":"Pages 147-150"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142115814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel alcohol+nicotine co-use self-administration procedure reveals sex differences and differential alteration of mesocorticolimbic TLR- and cholinergic-related neuroimmune gene expression in rats","authors":"Christie A. Randall ,&nbsp;Dongxiao Sun ,&nbsp;Patrick A. Randall","doi":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although alcohol and nicotine are two of the most commonly co-used drugs with upwards of 90% of adults with an alcohol use disorder (AUD) in the US also smoking, we don't tend to study alcohol and nicotine use this way. The current studies sought to develop and assess a novel alcohol + nicotine co-access self-administration (SA) model in adult male and female Long-Evans rats. Further, both drugs are implicated in neuroimmune function, albeit in largely opposing ways. Chronic alcohol use increases neuroinflammation via toll-like receptors (TLRs) which in turn increases alcohol intake. By contrast, nicotine produces anti-inflammatory effects, in part, through the monomeric alpha7 receptor (ChRNa7). Following long-term co-access (6 months), rats reliably administered both drugs during daily sessions, however males generally responded for more alcohol and females for nicotine. This was reflected in plasma analysis with translationally relevant intake levels of both alcohol and nicotine, making it invaluable in studying the effects of co-use on behavior and CNS function. Moreover, male rats show sensitivity to alterations in alcohol concentration whereas females show sensitivity to alterations in nicotine concentration. Rats trained on this procedure also developed an anxiogenic phenotype. Finally, we assessed alterations in neuroimmune-related gene expression in the medial prefrontal cortex – prelimbic, (mPFC-PL), nucleus accumbens core (AcbC), and ventral tegmental area (VTA). In the AcbC, where α7 expression was increased and β2 was decreased, markers of pro-inflammatory activity were decreased, despite increases in TLR gene expression suggesting that co-use with nicotine modulates inflammatory state downstream from the receptor level. By contrast, in mPFC-PL where α7 was not increased, both TLRs and downstream proinflammatory markers were increased. Taken together, these findings support that there are brain regional and sex differences with co-use of alcohol + nicotine SA and suggest that targeting nicotinic α7 may represent a novel strategy for treating alcohol + nicotine co-dependence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7712,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol","volume":"121 ","pages":"Pages 115-131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0741832924001150/pdfft?md5=e1355ae20beb527810f3ef20e0cc2fef&pid=1-s2.0-S0741832924001150-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142094288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of moderate prenatal alcohol exposure on performance in hippocampal-sensitive spatial memory and anxiety tasks by adult male and female rat offspring","authors":"Gabriela Acosta ,&nbsp;Kehiry Trejo Rico ,&nbsp;John T. Madden ,&nbsp;Ariyana LaCour ,&nbsp;Enhui Wang ,&nbsp;Lilliana M. Sanchez ,&nbsp;Suzy Davies ,&nbsp;Carlos Maestas-Olguin ,&nbsp;Kayla B. Cox ,&nbsp;Nicole C. Reyna ,&nbsp;Jeremy Hogeveen ,&nbsp;Daniel D. Savage ,&nbsp;Nathan S. Pentkowski ,&nbsp;Benjamin J. Clark","doi":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Moderate prenatal alcohol exposure (mPAE) results in structural alterations to the hippocampus. Previous studies have reported impairments in hippocampal-sensitive tasks, but have not compared performance between male and female animals. In the present study, performance in hippocampal-sensitive spatial memory and anxiety behavior tests were compared across adult male and female saccharin (SACC) control mPAE Long-Evans rat offspring. Two tests of spatial memory were conducted that were aimed at assessing memory for recently acquired spatial information: A delayed spatial alternation task using an M-shaped maze and a delayed match-to-place task in the Morris water task. In both tasks, rats in SACC and mPAE groups showed similar learning and retention of a spatial location even after a 2-h interval between encoding and retention. A separate group of adult male and female SACC and mPAE rat offspring were tested for anxiety-like behaviors in the elevated plus-maze paradigm. In this test, both male and female mPAE rats exhibited a significantly greater amount of time and a greater number of head dips in the open arms, while locomotion and open arm entries did not differ between groups. The results suggest that mPAE produces a reduction in anxiety-like behaviors in both male and female rats in the elevated plus-maze.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7712,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol","volume":"121 ","pages":"Pages 75-86"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141914820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}