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Alcohol-induced fibroblast growth factor 21 secretion is increased in individuals with alcohol use disorder 酒精诱导的成纤维细胞生长因子 21 在酒精使用障碍患者中分泌增加。
IF 2.5 4区 医学
Alcohol Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.08.001
Amalie R. Lanng , Lærke S. Gasbjerg , Andrea I.F. Sucksdorff , Jens S. Svenningsen , Tina Vilsbøll , Matthew P. Gillum , Filip K. Knop
{"title":"Alcohol-induced fibroblast growth factor 21 secretion is increased in individuals with alcohol use disorder","authors":"Amalie R. Lanng ,&nbsp;Lærke S. Gasbjerg ,&nbsp;Andrea I.F. Sucksdorff ,&nbsp;Jens S. Svenningsen ,&nbsp;Tina Vilsbøll ,&nbsp;Matthew P. Gillum ,&nbsp;Filip K. Knop","doi":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Alcohol use disorder (AUD) affects 5% of the global population. Despite its high prevalence, the pathophysiology of AUD remains enigmatic, hindering the development of novel therapeutics. Interestingly, the liver hormone fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), which is currently in late-stage clinical trials for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, has been implicated by recent genome-wide association studies as a regulator of alcohol consumption.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study aimed to evaluate plasma responses of FGF21 to an alcohol challenge in three groups: 15 males with AUD, 15 healthy males with a father with AUD (Predisposed), and 15 healthy males without any predisposition to AUD (Controls). All participants were investigated after an overnight fast. Assessments, including blood sampling and visual analog scale-assessed desire for alcohol intake, were performed before and for 10 h after ingesting 0.5 g alcohol per kg body weight over 10 min.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The three groups were age and body-mass index-matched and had normal plasma concentrations of transaminases and FibroScan®-assessed elastography. Baseline FGF21 concentrations did not differ between groups, but individuals with AUD exhibited greater FGF21 responses to alcohol (area under the curve (AUC<sub>0–600 min</sub>): 954 ± 665 ng/ml × min (mean (standard deviation)) compared to Controls (AUC<sub>0–600 min</sub>: 453 ± 333 ng/ml × min, <em>P</em> = 0.03) but not Predisposed (AUC<sub>0–600 min</sub>: 556 ± 429 ng/ml × min, <em>P</em> = 0.11).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In conclusion, we demonstrate greater alcohol-induced FGF21 responses in individuals with AUD compared to healthy individuals without paternal predisposition to AUD, suggesting a role for FGF21 in AUD pathophysiology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7712,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol","volume":"121 ","pages":"Pages 69-74"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0741832924001125/pdfft?md5=4c41d86367cd092ec5e9a21468750d4b&pid=1-s2.0-S0741832924001125-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141903903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Coping-strategies as a mediator between emotional disorders and problematic alcohol use 应对策略是情绪失调与酗酒问题之间的中介。
IF 2.5 4区 医学
Alcohol Pub Date : 2024-07-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.07.008
Celia Antuña-Camblor , Gabriel Esteller-Collado , Joel Juarros-Basterretxea , Roger Muñoz-Navarro , Francisco Javier Rodríguez-Díaz
{"title":"Coping-strategies as a mediator between emotional disorders and problematic alcohol use","authors":"Celia Antuña-Camblor ,&nbsp;Gabriel Esteller-Collado ,&nbsp;Joel Juarros-Basterretxea ,&nbsp;Roger Muñoz-Navarro ,&nbsp;Francisco Javier Rodríguez-Díaz","doi":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.07.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Epidemiological studies reveal a high prevalence of alcohol use and comorbidity rates with emotional disorders. This study aims to explore the possible mediational effect of stress-coping strategies on the relationship between symptoms of emotional disorders and problematic alcohol use.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The sample included 1014 participants (33.82% male, 66.17% female) aged 18–75 years (<em>M</em> = 33.0, <em>SD</em> = 15.15). Three mediation analyzes were carried out, for depressive, anxious and somatization symptomatology measured with the LSB-50 in which they acted as an independent variable, the coping strategies of the CSQ as a mediating variable and the problematic alcohol use, measured with AUDIT, as a dependent variable. Additionally, sex, age, educational level, and socioeconomic status were entered as covariates.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In all the models, problematic alcohol use was mediated by Problem-Solving Focus and Open Emotional Expression. However, while in depressive symptoms was a fully mediation, in anxious and somatization symptomatology was partially mediated.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The similarities found may be due to shared variance between emotional disorders. Interventions focused on Problem-Solving Focus could improve the emotional symptoms and the problematic alcohol use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7712,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol","volume":"124 ","pages":"Pages 47-53"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141794256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Alcohol hangover versus dehydration revisited: The effect of drinking water to prevent or alleviate the alcohol hangover 重新审视宿醉与脱水:喝水对预防或缓解宿醉的影响。
IF 2.5 4区 医学
Alcohol Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.07.006
Marlou Mackus , Ann-Kathrin Stock , Johan Garssen , Andrew Scholey , Joris C. Verster
{"title":"Alcohol hangover versus dehydration revisited: The effect of drinking water to prevent or alleviate the alcohol hangover","authors":"Marlou Mackus ,&nbsp;Ann-Kathrin Stock ,&nbsp;Johan Garssen ,&nbsp;Andrew Scholey ,&nbsp;Joris C. Verster","doi":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The alcohol hangover is a combination of negative mental and physical symptoms which can be experienced after a single episode of alcohol consumption, starting when blood alcohol concentration (BAC) approaches zero. A popular theory suggests that dehydration is the primary cause of alcohol hangover and that the consumption of water could alleviate hangover symptoms. Here, the current evidence on the relationship between hangover severity, thirst, and water consumption is summarized. The positive correlations of the amount of water consumed with both hangover severity and thirst suggest that both dehydration and the hangover are co-occurring after-effects of alcohol consumption. While hangovers were typically relatively enduring, dehydration effects were usually mild and short-lasting. Survey data revealed that water consumption during or directly after alcohol consumption had only a modest effect in preventing next-day hangover. Also, the amount of water consumed during hangover was not related to changes of hangover severity and thirst. Thus, water consumption was not effective to alleviate the alcohol hangover. Taken together, these data suggests that alcohol hangover and dehydration are two co-occurring but independent consequences of alcohol consumption.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7712,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol","volume":"121 ","pages":"Pages 9-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0741832924001009/pdfft?md5=e94a0c20b238385159f92ce792f17495&pid=1-s2.0-S0741832924001009-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141790282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Emerging pharmacological targets for alcohol use disorder 治疗酒精使用障碍的新药理目标。
IF 2.5 4区 医学
Alcohol Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.07.007
Dakota F. Brockway , Nicole A. Crowley
{"title":"Emerging pharmacological targets for alcohol use disorder","authors":"Dakota F. Brockway ,&nbsp;Nicole A. Crowley","doi":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.07.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) remains a challenging condition with limited effective treatment options; however new technology in drug delivery and advancements in pharmacology have paved the way for discovery of novel therapeutic targets. This review explores emerging pharmacological targets that offer new options for the management of AUD, focusing on the potential of somatostatin (SST), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), nociceptin (NOP), and neuropeptide S (NPS). These targets have been selected based on recent advancements in preclinical and clinical research, which suggest their significant roles in modulating alcohol consumption and related behaviors. SST dampens cortical circuits, and targeting both the SST neurons and the SST peptide itself presents promise for treating AUD and various related comorbidities. VIP neurons are modulated by alcohol and targeting the VIP system presents an unexplored avenue for addressing alcohol exposure at various stages of development. GLP-1 interacts with the dopaminergic reward system and reduces alcohol intake. Nociceptin modulates mesolimbic circuitry and agonism and antagonism of nociceptin receptor offers a complex but promising approach to reducing alcohol consumption. NPS stands out for its anxiolytic-like effects, particularly relevant for the anxiety associated with AUD. This review aims to synthesize the current understanding of these targets, highlighting their potential in developing more effective and personalized AUD therapies, and underscores the importance of continued research in identifying and validating novel targets for treatment of AUD and comorbid conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7712,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol","volume":"121 ","pages":"Pages 103-114"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0741832924001010/pdfft?md5=ed4817e2024e0fe27707246dadd04f13&pid=1-s2.0-S0741832924001010-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141790283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sex and sobriety: Human brain structure and function in AUD abstinence 性与清醒:戒断澳大拉德的人脑结构和功能。
IF 2.5 4区 医学
Alcohol Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.07.003
Nicole L. Zabik , Jennifer Urbano Blackford
{"title":"Sex and sobriety: Human brain structure and function in AUD abstinence","authors":"Nicole L. Zabik ,&nbsp;Jennifer Urbano Blackford","doi":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Women are drinking alcohol as much as men for the first time in history. Women experience more health-related consequences from alcohol use disorder (AUD), like increased prevalence of alcohol-related cancers, faster progression of alcohol-related liver disease, and greater risk for relapse compared to men. Thus, sex differences in chronic alcohol use pose a substantial public health problem. Despite these evident sex differences, our understanding of how these differences present during alcohol abstinence is limited. Investigations of brain structure and function are therefore critical for disentangling factors that lead to sex differences in AUD abstinence. This review will discuss current human neuroimaging data on sex differences in alcohol abstinence, focusing on structural and functional brain measures. Current structural imaging literature reveals that abstinent men have smaller gray and white matter volume and weaker structural connectivity compared to control men. Interestingly, abstinent women do not show differences in brain structure when compared to controls; instead, abstinent women show a relation between alcohol use and decreased measures of brain structure. Current functional brain studies reveal that abstinent men exhibit greater brain activation and stronger task-based functional connectivity to aversive stimuli than control men, while abstinent women exhibit lesser brain activation and weaker task-based functional connectivity than control women. Together, the current literature suggests that sex differences persist well into alcohol abstinence and impact brain structure and function differently. Understanding how men and women differ during alcohol abstinence can improve our understanding of sex-specific effects of alcohol, which will be critical to augment treatment methods to better serve women.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7712,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol","volume":"121 ","pages":"Pages 33-44"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141790284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sex Differences in Mouse Models of Voluntary Alcohol Drinking and Abstinence-Induced Negative Emotion 小鼠自愿饮酒和禁酒诱发负性情绪模型的性别差异
IF 2.5 4区 医学
Alcohol Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.07.004
Amanda L. Salazar, Samuel W. Centanni
{"title":"Sex Differences in Mouse Models of Voluntary Alcohol Drinking and Abstinence-Induced Negative Emotion","authors":"Amanda L. Salazar,&nbsp;Samuel W. Centanni","doi":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a growing problem worldwide, causing an incredible burden on health and the economy. Though AUD impacts people of all backgrounds and demographics, increasing evidence has suggested robust sex differences in alcohol drinking patterns and AUD-induced negative emotionality or hyperkatifeia. Rates of problematic drinking have significantly risen among women, and women face more severe negative emotional consequences in abstinence such as increased risk of comorbidity with an anxiety or mood disorder and more severe symptoms of depression. As such, a bevy of preclinical literature using contingent methods of alcohol (ethanol) consumption has amassed in recent years to better understand sex as a biological variable in alcohol drinking and abstinence-induced negative emotionality. Mice are widely used to model alcohol drinking, as they are conducive to genetic manipulation strategies, and many strains will voluntarily consume alcohol. Sex-specific results from these mouse studies, however, have been inconsistent. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the current knowledge on sex differences in AUD-related contingent ethanol drinking and abstinence-induced negative emotionality in mice. Various contingent mouse drinking models and negative emotional-based behavioral paradigms are introduced and subsequently discussed in the context of sex differences to show increasing indications of sex specificity in mouse preclinical studies of AUD. With this review, we hope to inform future research on potential sex differences in preclinical mouse models of AUD and provide mounting evidence supporting the need for more widespread inclusion of preclinical female subjects in future studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7712,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol","volume":"121 ","pages":"Pages 45-57"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141763107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Interneuron-selective HCN channel knockdown in prelimbic cortex of female rats mimics effects of chronic ethanol exposure 敲除雌性大鼠前边缘皮层的神经元选择性 HCN 通道可模拟慢性乙醇暴露的影响
IF 2.5 4区 医学
Alcohol Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.07.005
Benjamin A. Hughes , Todd K. O'Buckley , Giorgia Boero , A. Leslie Morrow
{"title":"Interneuron-selective HCN channel knockdown in prelimbic cortex of female rats mimics effects of chronic ethanol exposure","authors":"Benjamin A. Hughes ,&nbsp;Todd K. O'Buckley ,&nbsp;Giorgia Boero ,&nbsp;A. Leslie Morrow","doi":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Our laboratory has previously shown that chronic ethanol exposure elicits enhanced working memory performance in female, but not male, adult Sprague–Dawley rats, indicative of a fundamental sex difference in cortical plasticity. Recent studies have furthermore revealed that females display markedly reduced HCN-mediated channel activity in inhibitory Martinotti interneurons after chronic ethanol exposure that is similarly not observed in males. From these observations we hypothesized that alcohol induces facilitated working memory performance via down-regulation of these channels’ activity specifically within interneurons. To test this hypothesis, we employed a Pol-II compatible shRNA expression system to elicit targeted knockdown of HCN channel activity in these cells, and measured performance on a delayed Non-Match-to-Sample (NMS) T-maze test to gauge effects on working memory performance. A significant baseline enhancement of working memory performance with HCN channel knockdown was observed, indicative of a critical role for interneuron-expressed HCNs in maintaining optimal cortical network activity during cognitively-demanding tasks. Consistent with previous observations, ethanol exposure resulted in enhanced NMS T-maze performance, however elevated working memory performance was observed in both <em>scram-</em> and <em>hcn-</em>shRNA infected groups after alcohol administration. We therefore conclude that interneuron-expressed HCN channels, despite representing a minor population of total cortical HCN expression, contribute substantially to maintaining working memory processes. Downregulated HCN channel activity, though, does not alone appear sufficient to manifest alcohol-induced enhancement of working memory performance observed in female rats during acute withdrawal.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7712,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol","volume":"121 ","pages":"Pages 59-67"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141735969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The role of alcohol control policies in the reversal of alcohol consumption levels and resulting attributable harms in China 酒精控制政策在扭转中国酒精消费水平和由此产生的可归因危害中的作用。
IF 2.5 4区 医学
Alcohol Pub Date : 2024-07-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.07.002
Jürgen Rehm , Kevin Shield , Ahmed S. Hassan , Ari Franklin
{"title":"The role of alcohol control policies in the reversal of alcohol consumption levels and resulting attributable harms in China","authors":"Jürgen Rehm ,&nbsp;Kevin Shield ,&nbsp;Ahmed S. Hassan ,&nbsp;Ari Franklin","doi":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Yearly adult <em>per capita</em> consumption of alcohol in China between 2016 and 2019 decreased by 2.4 L of pure alcohol, or 33%. According to the World Health Organization, this decrease in consumption was accompanied by reductions in alcohol-attributable mortality of 23% between 2015 and 2019. This paper examines the contribution of alcohol control policies in China to these public health gains. A systematic search of the literature was conducted on alcohol control policies and their effectiveness in China as part of a larger search of all countries in WHO Western Pacific Region. In addition to articles on empirical evidence on the impact of such alcohol control policies, we also searched for reviews. The plausibility of changes of traditional alcohol control policies (taxation increases, availability restrictions, restriction on advertisement and marketing, drink-driving laws, screening and brief interventions) in explaining reductions of consumption levels and attributable mortality rates was explored. There was some progress in the successful implementation of strict drink-driving policies, which could explain reductions in traffic injuries, including fatalities. Other traditional alcohol control policies seem to have played a minimal role in reducing alcohol consumption and attributable harms during the time period 2016–2019. However, an anti-corruption campaign was extensive enough to have substantially contributed to these reductions. The campaign prohibited the consumption of alcoholic beverages in everyday life of government officials and thus contributed to a de-normalization of alcohol. While this anti-corruption campaign was the only policy to potentially explain marked decreases in levels of alcohol consumption and attributable mortality, more detailed research is required to determine exactly how the campaign achieved these decreases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7712,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol","volume":"121 ","pages":"Pages 19-25"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S074183292400096X/pdfft?md5=19fdd904a2a1de7b8b8d89e2fa73eb86&pid=1-s2.0-S074183292400096X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141621941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Medication development for AUD: A systematic review of clinical trial methodology 审计药物开发:临床试验方法的系统回顾。
IF 2.5 4区 医学
Alcohol Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.06.007
{"title":"Medication development for AUD: A systematic review of clinical trial methodology","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.06.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Refining clinical trial methodology has become increasingly important as study design is shown to influence treatment efficacy. To maximize the efficiency of randomized clinical trials (RCTs), researchers aim to establish standardized practices. The goal of this systematic review is to describe methodological practices of clinical trials for alcohol use disorder (AUD) over the past 40 years. To achieve this goal, a PubMed search was conducted in April 2023 for RCTs on AUD medications published between July 2018 through April 2023. Resulting studies were combined with a previous search from 1985 through 2018. Inclusion criteria for the RCT studies were: (1) a randomized controlled trial, (2) double or single blinded, (3) placebo or active control condition, (4) alcohol use as the primary endpoint, (5) 4 or more weeks of treatment, and (6) 12 or more weeks of follow-up. In total, methodological data from 139 RCTs representing 19 medications and spanning the past four decades were summarized. Results indicated that the most common medications tested were naltrexone (k = 42), acamprosate (k = 24), and baclofen (k = 11). On average, participants were 74% male and consumed 226 drinks per month pre-randomization. The median length of treatment was 12 weeks (IQR = 12–16; min = 4 max = 52) and the median follow-up duration was 12.5 weeks (IQR: 12–26; min = 7 max = 104). There were two broad domains of outcomes (i.e., abstinence and heavy drinking), with most studies featuring outcomes from both domains (k = 87; 63%). Reporting practices were summarized by decade, revealing an increased enrollment of females, better reporting of race and ethnicity data, and less studies requiring pre-trial abstinence. This review summarizes the current state of the literature on randomized clinical trials for AUD including effect sizes for individual studies and summaries of key methodological features across this representative set of clinical trials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7712,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol","volume":"120 ","pages":"Pages 194-203"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141556188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exploratory studies of ethanol drinking in the white-tufted marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) 白尾狨(Callithrix jacchus)饮用乙醇的探索性研究。
IF 2.5 4区 医学
Alcohol Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.07.001
{"title":"Exploratory studies of ethanol drinking in the white-tufted marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The white-tufted marmoset is a small, nonhuman primate that is rapidly gaining popularity as a model organism, especially for neuroscience research. To date, little work in the alcohol research field has utilized the marmoset. As a step toward establishing the marmoset as a research model for alcohol experimentation, a series of exploratory studies were undertaken to characterize ethanol drinking behavior. A voluntary drinking paradigm was established whereby the common marmoset would consume pharmacologically relevant amounts of ethanol. To facilitate ethanol consumption, ethanol was mixed with a marshmallow flavored solution (hereafter called marshmallow juice) to mask the presumed adverse taste of ethanol. Using marshmallow juice flavored solutions, marmosets readily consumed ethanol up to 1 g/kg during 10 min binge-like drinking sessions or up to 5 g/kg during ∼4 h drinking sessions. Consumption of 1.0–1.5 g/kg during a 30 min session resulted in blood ethanol concentrations of 49–73 mg/dl, which are predicted to be pharmacologically relevant. In animals that were stably consuming ethanol in marshmallow juice, gradually reducing the concentration of the marshmallow juice flavoring resulted in markedly reduced ethanol consumption. Lastly, when offered a choice between ethanol in marshmallow juice and marshmallow juice alone, marmosets displayed a very strong preference for the marshmallow juice solution without ethanol. From these studies, it is concluded that marmosets will voluntarily consume ethanol if the taste is masked with a sweet solution such as marshmallow juice. These studies represent the first report of alcohol consumption and preference in the white-tufted marmoset.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7712,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol","volume":"120 ","pages":"Pages 99-107"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0741832924000958/pdfft?md5=cc18fb5d3905a16af7dc56b17dff40f2&pid=1-s2.0-S0741832924000958-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141545686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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