Clinics in communication disorders最新文献

{"title":"The role of statistics in clinical speech-language pathology and audiology.","authors":"N J Lass","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77075,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in communication disorders","volume":"3 3","pages":"9-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19209449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Communication intervention for individuals with dual sensory and intellectual impairments.","authors":"J E Downing","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For individuals with dual sensory and intellectual impairments, the lack of effective communication skills places severe limitations on their learning potential and sense of belonging. Educational intervention for this population has recognized the critical need to develop communication skills, yet the complexity of the individual's needs continues to plague progress. Unique needs and situations of individuals in this category, coupled with extremely limited numbers of trained and experienced professionals, challenge the field to develop creative means of addressing this vital issue. Documented case studies provide the field with examples of potential options to employ when addressing the communicative needs of individuals with dual sensory and intellectual impairments. However, these case studies provide partial communication systems that address partial communicative needs. Providing individuals having severe sensory, intellectual, and other disabilities with a true language that can meet all communication needs, both receptive and expressive, is still beyond our grasp. Future efforts with this focus will need to combine early intervention, creative technology, and principles of normalization in order to be successful.</p>","PeriodicalId":77075,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in communication disorders","volume":"3 2","pages":"31-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19329136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Speech-language interventions in Alzheimer's disease. A functional communication approach.","authors":"J K Glickstein,&nbsp;G K Neustadt","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease is a progressive degenerative neurogenic disease that is more prevalent among the old than the young. The primary symptoms are forgetfulness, repetitiousness, losing one's way, and the loss of ability to perform complex tasks on the job. Diagnostic confirmation of Alzheimer's disease is determined by autopsy. As of this writing, there is no specific drug that can stop or reverse the disease. Medical management is focused on treating behavioral symptoms and managing the individual's general well-being. The communication needs of the Alzheimer's client depend on the individual's level of cognition, degree of independence, circumstance, and communicative abilities. Due to their poor rehabilitation potential, the majority of persons with Alzheimer's disease are not suitable candidates for traditional therapy programs. An alternative to traditional therapies is the Tri-Model system. The Tri-Model philosophy of rehabilitation and service delivery systems (Glickstein and Neustadt, 1992) lends itself readily to the needs of the dementia client because the model is designed to maintain the continuum of rehabilitation care for individuals with \"red flag\" diagnoses such as dementia. Establishing a treatment protocol based on the Tri-Model philosophy of rehabilitation not only assures the individual treatment based on his or her level of functional ability and rehabilitation need, it provides a framework for the rehabilitation specialist to use as reference for the various stages of disability and change during rehabilitation. The Tri-Model System is a decision tree which allows movement in any direction according to the client's needs (Figure 1). Clients, staff, and families are encouraged to set realistic goals at the outset of the rehabilitation program. By delineating three overlapping phases in the recovery process a base is established which allows the rehabilitation professional to appropriately follow the client after discharge and maintain the continuum of care. Since each restorative phase in the system requires the design of restorative programs which address that particular phase of the rehabilitation process and cooperation of an interdisciplinary team, addressing all three phases of rehabilitation at the time of the initial evaluation maintains the continuity of the client's treatment protocol throughout the course of the disease. Inclusion of Restorative III (functional maintenance) assures the continuum of care. The strength of the Tri-Model philosophy and system of rehabilitation is the inclusion of the definition and delineation of functional maintenance, the most neglected and for many clients the most important part of a complete rehabilitation program. When an incomplete definition of rehabilitation is used, questions regarding the efficacy of treatment is common.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)</p>","PeriodicalId":77075,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in communication disorders","volume":"3 1","pages":"15-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19468429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consultation and collaboration programs for individuals with autism.","authors":"N G Nalitz","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Students with autism present a challenge to the SLP not only because of the severity of their communication disorders, but also because of the great variety of learning styles and social skills. Collaboration- and consultation-based service delivery systems offer an alternative to traditional therapy for these students. This model uses the strength of a team approach and permits strategies for improving communication that are not possible in other environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":77075,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in communication disorders","volume":"3 1","pages":"31-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19467025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The challenge of interpreting test scores.","authors":"L R Cartwright","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In summary, it is clear that the practicing speech-language pathologist needs to demonstrate a working knowledge of some of the basic principles of psychometric measurement in order to effectively interpret the results of commonly employed speech and language tests. It is important that the SLP is familiar with the process used for standardization of tests, as well as the difference between norm-referenced and criterion-referenced tests. It is also critical that the SLP be aware of issues related to validity and reliability, as well as various types of scores associated with tests. While a background in statistics is helpful, it should be noted that the manual that accompanies each standardized test generally includes definitions, explanations, and conversion tables designed to assist the SLP in administering and interpreting the results. Careful study of the manual and a review of any questionable items via an appropriate textbook should assist the SLP in the literal interpretation of test results. In addition to the information obtained from standardized testing, it is also important to consider results of observation of the client and informal testing in order to accurately characterize speech and language behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":77075,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in communication disorders","volume":"3 3","pages":"17-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19209445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dysphagia: evaluation and treatment. The successful treatment of challenging cases.","authors":"A L Perlman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77075,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in communication disorders","volume":"3 4","pages":"37-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19103067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The dysphagia diagnostic procedure as a treatment efficacy trial.","authors":"J A Logemann","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In all of these case reports, the patient's swallow function and the effect of therapy procedures on this function could be observed and measured from the videofluoroscopic assessment. In some cases, effects could be measured using other imaging procedures. The effects of each swallow therapy procedure can be measured by examining specific physiologic elements of the swallow. Table 3 presents the various therapy procedures and appropriate efficacy measures for each. In some cases, introduction of therapy procedures into the diagnostic evaluation can immediately enable the patient to begin eating. In other cases, evaluation of the effectiveness of the therapy procedure can validate its appropriateness for use with a patient in building the neuromuscular control necessary to return to oral intake. Not all therapy procedures can be introduced into the diagnostic setting, however, since they do not all result in immediate effects. For example, range of motion exercises for the lips, tongue, and/or jaw do not have an immediate effect, but typically show an effect after 2 to 3 wks. However, the clinician can still quantify the effects of range of motion exercises by measuring the patient's structural movement at each therapy session. When a second assessment is completed, change in range of motion of the target structure can be assessed by comparing the first and second studies. Introducing treatment techniques into the diagnostic swallowing assessment requires the clinician to read the results of the radiographic study or other imaging procedure immediately and identify the physiologic dysfunction so that appropriate therapy procedures can be selected and introduced. Because videofluoroscopy involves X-ray exposure to the patient, all possible treatment techniques cannot be attempted while in X-ray. Rather, the clinician must select those techniques believed to be most appropriate for that patient's anatomy and swallow physiology. When effective techniques are identified, the videotape of the diagnostic procedure can be used as an educational tool with the patient and his or her family, nurses, physicians, and others to educate and counsel them regarding the rationale for use of particular procedures with the patient, including introduction of particular posture, diets, etc. This type of visual evidence often improves patient and family compliance with therapy recommendations.</p>","PeriodicalId":77075,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in communication disorders","volume":"3 4","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19104449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of radiation therapy and voluntary maneuvers on swallow functioning in head and neck cancer patients.","authors":"C L Lazarus","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77075,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in communication disorders","volume":"3 4","pages":"11-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19103064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of dysphagia following supraglottic laryngectomy.","authors":"B J Martin,&nbsp;M A Schleicher,&nbsp;A O'Connor","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77075,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in communication disorders","volume":"3 4","pages":"27-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19103066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Swallowing after lateral medullary syndrome plus.","authors":"J Robbins,&nbsp;R Levine","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77075,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in communication disorders","volume":"3 4","pages":"45-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19103068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}