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Arctic medical research最新文献

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Prediction of responses to cold. 预测对寒冷的反应。
Arctic medical research Pub Date : 1995-01-01
I Holmér
{"title":"Prediction of responses to cold.","authors":"I Holmér","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human function and performance in the cold is much determined by the maintenance of an adequate whole body and local heat balance. Several mathematical models have been developed for describing heat balance and simulating the associated thermoregulatory processes comprising different levels of complexity and capacity. Most models, however, are still primitive in terms of describing clothing heat transfer, solar and wind effects, in particular during transient conditions. They are also simplified in their description of the thermoregulatory control mechanisms and the range of individual variation. Nevertheless, they are useful for--increasing our understanding of complex, interactive processes;--simulating experimental conditions that would exclude human subjects;--identifying thermal conditions of potential risk to human health and performance;--providing guidance for the development of recommendations for cold exposure. Future work should aim at independent validations of model performance and continuous improvement of weak parts.</p>","PeriodicalId":77012,"journal":{"name":"Arctic medical research","volume":"54 Suppl 2 ","pages":"48-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19865132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cold research: Nordic perspectives. 冷研究:北欧视角。
Arctic medical research Pub Date : 1995-01-01
J Leppäluoto
{"title":"Cold research: Nordic perspectives.","authors":"J Leppäluoto","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77012,"journal":{"name":"Arctic medical research","volume":"54 Suppl 2 ","pages":"5-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19865238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Circannual changes in thyroid hormone physiology: the role of cold environmental temperatures. 甲状腺激素的生理周期变化:寒冷环境温度的作用。
Arctic medical research Pub Date : 1995-01-01
H L Reed
{"title":"Circannual changes in thyroid hormone physiology: the role of cold environmental temperatures.","authors":"H L Reed","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypothyroid subjects given a constant dose of thyroxine (T4) show both an increase in serum thyrotrophin (TSH) of approximately 50% and a decline of serum T4 by approximately 15% during the winter months. Euthyroid subjects who are older than 41 years of age show an increase of approximately 30% in serum TSH during the winter months without a change in T4. Young euthyroid subjects, between the ages of 19 and 41 years, show neither a circannual pattern of TSH nor T4 but have an increase in triiodothyronine (T3) plasma clearance rate and production rate of approximately 30% during the winter seasons. Additionally, young subjects living for greater than 5 months in Antarctica show a doubling in T3 plasma clearance rate and production rate, as well as elevations of approximately 30-50% in TSH and small declines in T4. Repeated exposure to cold air has recently been reported to induce declines in serum T3, and T4 and increases in T3 clearance and production rate, thus linking a possible physiological stimulus to these seasonal observations. This collection of studies from several laboratories supports the concept that T3 kinetic changes have a seasonal dependence and that cold exposure provides one possible mechanism. As the subjects age, have a fixed thyroid hormone dosage for hypothyroxinemia, or spend an extended number of months in polar conditions, a reflex TSH rise occurs. This rise in TSH signals a hypothalamic-pituitary hypothyroxinemia whose clinical significance is unknown.</p>","PeriodicalId":77012,"journal":{"name":"Arctic medical research","volume":"54 Suppl 2 ","pages":"9-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19865239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Would a helmet law for snowmobile riders reduce head injuries? 为雪地车骑手制定头盔法会减少头部受伤吗?
Arctic medical research Pub Date : 1994-10-01
U Björnstig, M Oström, A Eriksson
{"title":"Would a helmet law for snowmobile riders reduce head injuries?","authors":"U Björnstig,&nbsp;M Oström,&nbsp;A Eriksson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Swedish authorities have discussed making the use of helmets for snowmobile riders compulsory. To evaluate the possible injury-reducing potential of such a law, 245 non-fatally injured riders and 104 fatalities were analyzed. Non-minor (AIS > 1) head injuries were far less common than in motorcycling, and many fast driving young snowmobile riders seem to use helmets regardless of a law. The persons with head injuries who had not used helmets, or whose helmet use was unknown, had violated other laws, most often the Traffic Temperance Law, or the law forbidding driving on public roads. A helmet law for snowmobile riders will probably not increase the helmet use in this group and consequently have a negligible injury-reducing effect. Helmets are, however, strongly recommended, especially for riders who favour fast driving.</p>","PeriodicalId":77012,"journal":{"name":"Arctic medical research","volume":"53 4","pages":"196-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18856339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Growth patterns of Labrador Inuit youth: II. Skeletal age. 拉布拉多因纽特青年的成长模式:2。骨骼年龄。
Arctic medical research Pub Date : 1994-10-01
M P Zammit, V Kalra, S Nelson, B H Broadbent, M G Hans
{"title":"Growth patterns of Labrador Inuit youth: II. Skeletal age.","authors":"M P Zammit,&nbsp;V Kalra,&nbsp;S Nelson,&nbsp;B H Broadbent,&nbsp;M G Hans","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Few studies have been conducted on skeletal maturity of circumpolar populations despite its importance as background knowledge to orthopedic and orthodontic procedures or for other medical problems involving endocrine disturbances. The purpose of this study was to compare skeletal age with chronological age of Labrador Inuit youth aged between 5-18 years and to compare these results with data from a national survey of United States youth. The sample included 32% (n = 100) of the Inuit youth living in Nain, Labrador, Canada (Male = 41, female = 59). Hand wrist radiographs, collected during a field study in 1991, were used to estimate bone age using the Greulich and Pyle bone specific method. The mean relative Inuit skeletal ages increased almost consistently with chronological age but showed considerable individual variation as shown by the 95% confidence intervals. The pattern of growth of skeletal vs chronological age was similar to the National Center for Health Statistics data but the tempo was slower. The Z-scores for mean male relative bone ages ranged from -0.7 to -1.9 and for females from -0.6 to -1.4. The results indicated that Inuit males started to reach adult skeletal maturity levels by the chronological age of 17 years 9 months, and Inuit females by 15 years 8 months. Generally, Inuit skeletal ages were delayed by 10-24 months behind the reference atlas skeletal ages and 9-22 months behind the Inuit chronological ages.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)</p>","PeriodicalId":77012,"journal":{"name":"Arctic medical research","volume":"53 4","pages":"176-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18856336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ectopic pregnancies in Greenland 1981-1990 verified by histology. 格陵兰岛1981-1990年的异位妊娠经组织学证实。
Arctic medical research Pub Date : 1994-10-01
P Nymann, L Elving
{"title":"Ectopic pregnancies in Greenland 1981-1990 verified by histology.","authors":"P Nymann,&nbsp;L Elving","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>From 1981 to 1990 503 cases of ectopic pregnancy (EP) among Greenlandic females were confirmed by histologic examination. The yearly number more than tripled from 26 in 1981 to 89 in 1990. When correction for age distribution and the total number of conceptions were made the increase in incidence rates for the population age 15-44 as a whole, was statistically significant. The rate of EP/100,000 females increased from 223 in 1981 to 581 in 1990 (slope 34/yr, p < 0.01, degrees of freedom 8, t = 4.996). EP/100 pregnancies increased from 2.08 in 1981 to 4.51 in 1990 (slope 0.22/yr., p < 0.01, degrees of freedom 8, t = 4.784). However, we did not find a significant increase in rates for females aged 15-24 years. Possible etiological factors behind the high and increasing incidence are discussed. The incidence rates of ectopic pregnancy in Greenland found in this study are among the highest ever reported.</p>","PeriodicalId":77012,"journal":{"name":"Arctic medical research","volume":"53 4","pages":"184-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18856338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
"Which sweater to choose in the cold: knitted or fleece". “在寒冷的天气里选择哪件毛衣:针织的还是羊毛的?”
Arctic medical research Pub Date : 1994-10-01
M K Bakkevig, R Nielsen
{"title":"\"Which sweater to choose in the cold: knitted or fleece\".","authors":"M K Bakkevig,&nbsp;R Nielsen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of two common wool sweaters in a clothing ensemble on sweat production, sweat accumulation and sweat distribution in the clothing ensemble, as well as on other thermoregulatory responses together with comfort of man. A further aim was to investigate the influence of the two different sweaters on the temperature and the humidity gradient through the clothing ensemble in order to describe the different avenues and forms of heat exchange. Thick woolen middle layer sweaters manufactured in two different constructions, fleece and knitted, were tested as part of a 3-layer clothing system. The test was performed on eight male subjects (Ta = 10 degrees C, RH = 85%, Va < 0.1 m/s), and comprised a twice repeated bout of 40-min cycle exercise followed by 20 min rest. Skin temperatures, rectal temperature, weight loss and humidity near the skin and in the clothing layers were recorded during the test. Total changes in body and clothing weight were measured separately. Furthermore, subjective ratings on thermal comfort and on sensation of temperature and humidity were collected. The results demonstrated that there were no significant physiological and subjective differences when the two sweaters were worn, apart from higher sweat production and accumulation when the knitted sweater was used. It is assumed that this is a result of a larger thickness rather than different construction. Choosing the knitted sweater or the fleece wool sweater for work in an ambient temperature of 10 degrees C will be of minimal significance in practice. However, a sweater with more sweat accumulated will be heavier and this reduces the air layer between the garments, decreasing the clothing ensemble's insulation value.</p>","PeriodicalId":77012,"journal":{"name":"Arctic medical research","volume":"53 4","pages":"200-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18856340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Home care for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: impact of the Iqaluit program. 慢性阻塞性肺病的家庭护理:伊魁特方案的影响。
Arctic medical research Pub Date : 1994-10-01
C Miles-Tapping
{"title":"Home care for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: impact of the Iqaluit program.","authors":"C Miles-Tapping","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Iqaluit home care program, which began in February 1987, has a five year history. Data about hospitalization of five elderly persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are available for the five years before and the five years after the program. Data for some of these years are available for four other COPD clients who joined the program in 1987 and for seven others who joined the program after its inception. The health histories of these sixteen people presented an excellent opportunity to demonstrate the effects of Home Care programs in the Northwest Territories. Home care in Iqaluit was evaluated by interviews with clients and care givers, by analyzing the trend in admission to hospital and hospitalization days for each client. The study showed that home care 1) improved health and reduced the economic impact of COPD by reducing the average number of days in hospital for each episode of hospitalization; 2) allowed clients with COPD to experience a better quality of life than they would if in hospital or institutional long term care; 3) allowed people to live in their homes, with their families, taking part in their usual age and role-appropriate cultural activities, language and daily life.</p>","PeriodicalId":77012,"journal":{"name":"Arctic medical research","volume":"53 4","pages":"163-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18858516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Snowmobile injuries in Kiruna, northern Sweden. 瑞典北部基律纳的雪上摩托受伤事件。
Arctic medical research Pub Date : 1994-10-01
I Sundström, H Zetterqvist, U Björnstig
{"title":"Snowmobile injuries in Kiruna, northern Sweden.","authors":"I Sundström,&nbsp;H Zetterqvist,&nbsp;U Björnstig","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Snowmobile injury events in Kiruna, northern Sweden, have been studied over a 3-year period. The area is large and fairly isolated with centrally located health facilities which provides a study population that reflects the actual incidence of injury events in the area. It is also a region with an extremely frequent use of snowmobiles. A series of 109 persons injured in snowmobiling crashes were analysed. The number of injury events per registered vehicles was 5/1000. There were 88 males and 21 females with the peak injury frequency in the age group 20-29 years. Six persons were under the age of 16. Most of the patients were drivers and the most common accident mechanism was falling off the machine and sudden stops. The total number of injuries were 1.1/patient. The lower extremities were the most commonly injured sites (32%). In 26% of the cases there were non-minor injuries. Nineteen patients needed in-patient care with a mean duration of hospital stay of 5.7 days. We also report four fatalities that occurred during the time of the study.</p>","PeriodicalId":77012,"journal":{"name":"Arctic medical research","volume":"53 4","pages":"189-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18856337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Diurnal and seasonal variations of melatonin and serotonin in women with seasonal affective disorder. 季节性情感障碍女性褪黑素和血清素的日变化和季节变化。
Arctic medical research Pub Date : 1994-07-01
K V Danilenko, A A Putilov, G S Russkikh, L K Duffy, S O Ebbesson
{"title":"Diurnal and seasonal variations of melatonin and serotonin in women with seasonal affective disorder.","authors":"K V Danilenko,&nbsp;A A Putilov,&nbsp;G S Russkikh,&nbsp;L K Duffy,&nbsp;S O Ebbesson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In winters 1990-1991 and 1991-1992 women with and without seasonal affective disorder, winter type, were treated by light at 2500 lux either in the morning (0800h-1000h) or afternoon (1600h-1800h). In winter before light treatment, melatonin levels in serum in daytime (1200h and 1600h) were higher in patients compared to controls (p < 0.05). This difference disappeared in the summer or after light treatment in the winter. Also, light treatment and change in season resulted in a phase advance shift of melatonin rhythm in patients. The decline in melatonin levels correlated with the decline in specific SAD symptoms of hyperphagia and carbohydrate craving. In winter, neither patients nor controls showed significant diurnal variations in levels of whole blood serotonin. In both patients and controls, levels of serotonin were higher in summer as compared with winter, especially at 2000h. Our data suggest that elevated daytime melatonin can be a state marker of winter depression, and that seasonal change of photoperiod may also affect the circadian amplitude and daytime levels of blood serotonin.</p>","PeriodicalId":77012,"journal":{"name":"Arctic medical research","volume":"53 3","pages":"137-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18981228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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