Arctic medical research最新文献_第9页

Families in distress, the development of children growing up with alcohol and violence. 家庭陷入困境，儿童在酒精和暴力中成长。

Arctic medical research Pub Date : 1995-01-01

E Christensen

引用次数: 0

The population survey as a tool for assessing family health in the Keewatin region, NWT, Canada. 作为评估加拿大西北地区基瓦廷地区家庭健康的工具的人口调查。

Arctic medical research Pub Date : 1995-01-01

T K Young, M E Moffatt, J D O'Neil, R Thika, S Mirdad

{"title":"The population survey as a tool for assessing family health in the Keewatin region, NWT, Canada.","authors":"T K Young, M E Moffatt, J D O'Neil, R Thika, S Mirdad","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The population survey is an important tool in community health assessment, including the physical and psychological aspects of family health. It provides data on health status and health determinants not available from vital statistics and health service utilization. The Keewatin Health Assessment Study (KHAS), which was designed in collaboration with the Keewatin Regional Health Board (KRHB), surveyed a representative sample of the predominantly Inuit population in 8 communities in the central Canadian Arctic. The entire survey included 874 individuals in all age groups, of whom 440 were children and adolescents under 18 years of age, and consisted of questionnaires, clinical examination and laboratory tests. Of the large number of variables on which data were collected, some were of particular relevance to the health of children and the well-being of the family, including: (1) Child growth and development; (2) Nutrition and diet; (3) Social pathologies: suicide attempts and sexual abuse; (4) Oral health; and (5) Audiologic health. In addition to providing cross-sectional data, survey participants constitute a cohort which, if followed up longitudinally, can be used to determine the incidence of specific conditions and identify risk factors which promote or prevent their occurrence. An example of such a cohort study is one on acute respiratory infection. Surveys serve many functions--providing data for planning and evaluation, promoting community awareness of health issues, and addressing basic research questions. The KHAS is one of several surveys launched over the past several years which jointly will begin to provide a circumpolar perspective on the health of Inuit people.","PeriodicalId":77012,"journal":{"name":"Arctic medical research","volume":"54 Suppl 1 ","pages":"77-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18644647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dynamic work in cold. 在寒冷中动态工作。

Arctic medical research Pub Date : 1995-01-01

J Oksa, H Rintamäki

{"title":"Dynamic work in cold.","authors":"J Oksa, H Rintamäki","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The capability of the human organism to work or exercise comprises of several components of physical performance capacity: endurance, power, force production, velocity, flexibility and co-ordination. Working in cold environments where it is possible that the temperature of the body, either superficial or core, decrease, the above mentioned components may be altered. In general, cooling decreases the ability of these components to function. The amount of decrease is dependent for example on: exercise type, exercise duration and degree of cooling. The exercises that seem to be most susceptible to cooling are those which are very short lasting and dynamic, utilising fast movement velocities and/or elastic properties of the working muscles. The decrease in core temperature, however is not a prerequisite for the decrease in performance. Already a very superficial cooling is sufficient to substantially decrease performance. Several mechanisms may be responsible for the decreased capacity of performance and they can severely suffocate the capacity to work in cold environments. Due to this an increase in individual strain and also the risk to have an accident are increased. Therefore, while working in cold environments cooling, especially of the working muscles, has to be avoided as efficiently as possible.","PeriodicalId":77012,"journal":{"name":"Arctic medical research","volume":"54 Suppl 2 ","pages":"29-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19865129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Acid-base regulation during hypothermia. a brief review. 低温时的酸碱调节。简单回顾一下。

Arctic medical research Pub Date : 1995-01-01

A Hauge, J Kofstad

{"title":"Acid-base regulation during hypothermia. a brief review.","authors":"A Hauge, J Kofstad","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Acid-base physiology has mainly focused on mechanisms that maintain normal, extracellular pH at a constant temperature. Usually it is the arterial blood which is considered. As reliable pH meters became generally available in the 1950s it was observed that an arterial pH of about 7.39-7.42 was maintained remarkably constant in normal man and in mammals in general. This moderate degree of blood alkalosis is maintained by chemical buffering, by appropriate adjustment of the lung ventilation and by the kidneys. To measure pH intracellularly was more difficult, but not impossible, and over some time it became apparent that intracellular fluid was close to neutrality. pH values around 6.8 was found. This is a favorable state for retention of metabolites inside the cells. From an analysis by Davis (1) of the ionization constants of several hundred watersoluble biosynthetic intermediates one may argue that the ideal intracellular pH would occur near the neutrality of water where most of these compounds are ionized and thus captured within the cells, with little tendency to escape across the cell membrane. Apparently, if cells are to defend their neutrality and also to eliminate their acid metabolites and CO2, there must be a considerable transmembrane H+ gradient: The hydrogen ion concentration at neutrality is 160 nmol/L (pH 6.8) and that of blood 40 nmol/l (pH 7.4).","PeriodicalId":77012,"journal":{"name":"Arctic medical research","volume":"54 Suppl 2 ","pages":"76-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19866330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mental health promotion among American Indian children. 促进美洲印第安儿童的心理健康。

Arctic medical research Pub Date : 1995-01-01

E B Harvey

引用次数: 0

Plasma fatty acid profiles of Canadian Inuit and Siberian Ganasan. 加拿大因纽特人和西伯利亚加纳桑人血浆脂肪酸谱。

Arctic medical research Pub Date : 1995-01-01

A Rode, R J Shephard, P E Vloshinsky, A Kuksis

{"title":"Plasma fatty acid profiles of Canadian Inuit and Siberian Ganasan.","authors":"A Rode, R J Shephard, P E Vloshinsky, A Kuksis","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Cross-sectional data from 86 male and 59 female coastal Inuit of Igloolik (69 degrees 40'N, 81 degrees W) showed a steep age-related increase in the percentage of plasma n-3 fatty acids, with parallel trends in 20:5 and 22:6 but not 18:3 n-3 fatty acid concentrations. Omega-7 + 9 (p < .001) and omega-9 fatty acid concentrations (P < .001 in M, .008 in F) also decreased with age. A tundra-based Siberian indigenous population (30 male and 11 female nGanasan) had similar percentages of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids to the young Inuit, with little age-related change in either measure. Correlation matrices for the Inuit men showed quite strong negative associations of n-3 fatty acid percentages with total triglycerides (r = .34, p < .001) and phosphatidylcholine/free cholesterol ratio (r = -.36, p < .001). In the Inuit women, n-3 percentages were strongly related to phosphatidylcholine/free cholesterol ratio (r = -.60, p < .001), but not to triglyceride readings. The phosphatidylcholine/free cholesterol ratio was also correlated with n-6 percentages (r = -.55, p < .001). In the nGanasan men, triglyceride levels were correlated with n-6 (r = -.35, p < .050), but the size of the female sample was insufficient to establish useful correlations. The present data suggest that as the younger coastal Inuit are abandoning their traditional country foods, plasma levels of n-3 fall. Reasons why n-3 fatty acid levels are negatively related to the plasma phosphatidyl choline/free cholesterol ratio merit further investigation.","PeriodicalId":77012,"journal":{"name":"Arctic medical research","volume":"54 1","pages":"10-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18712911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Water balance and physical performance in cold. 寒冷环境下的水分平衡和身体机能。

Arctic medical research Pub Date : 1995-01-01

H Rintamäki, T Mäkinen, J Oksa, J Latvala

{"title":"Water balance and physical performance in cold.","authors":"H Rintamäki, T Mäkinen, J Oksa, J Latvala","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Although a lot of attention is focused on problems of energy balance and nutrition in cold environment, water balance has received less attention. In a cold environment the water balance might be disturbed because the need of water could be increased, the use of water could be decreased and the redistribution of blood could change water volume in circulation. In dehydrated subjects, exercising at -15 degrees C at submaximal work level, both oxygen uptake and heart rate were significantly higher during water deprivation while the anaerobic threshold was lower. The time before reaching exhaustion was also shortened. However, maximal oxygen uptake and maximal muscle strength were not affected. The results suggest lower efficiency, higher physical strain and earlier exhaustion of dehydrated subjects in cold. After repletion of 1.8% body weight loss by an equal amount of fluid (5% sucrose solution) the oxygen uptake was significantly decreased at a submaximal work level at -20 degrees C, suggesting an improved mechanical efficiency and decreased physical strain. Although physical performance could be restored by rehydration, a rapid rehydration is not recommended because of increased diuresis, increased blood pressure and vigorous shivering stimulated by cold fluids. Instead, a continuous maintenance of water balance is recommended, with a fluid temperature above 25-30 degrees C and with a carbohydrate content below 7%.","PeriodicalId":77012,"journal":{"name":"Arctic medical research","volume":"54 Suppl 2 ","pages":"32-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19865130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cardiovascular mortality in winter. 冬季心血管疾病死亡率。

Arctic medical research Pub Date : 1995-01-01

W R Keatinge, G C Donaldson

引用次数: 0

Experiences from a consultative journey to Greenland presented by a child psychiatrist and a psychologist. 由一名儿童精神病学家和一名心理学家介绍的格陵兰咨询之旅的经验。

Arctic medical research Pub Date : 1995-01-01

M Kabel, N Lyberth

引用次数: 0

The Icelandic child mental health study. 冰岛儿童心理健康研究。

Arctic medical research Pub Date : 1995-01-01

H Hannesdóttir

{"title":"The Icelandic child mental health study.","authors":"H Hannesdóttir","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to test the applicability of a standardized procedure for assessing Icelandic children's behavior/emotional problems and competencies, and to identify differences related to demographic variables. This study focuses upon the method of using the Child Behavior Checklist by Achenbach to estimate the self-reported prevalence by parents and adolescents of emotional and behavior problems in children from 2-16 years of age and self-reported prevalence of adolescents from 11-18 years, selected at random from the general population, both in urban and rural areas. The information was obtained by mailing lists with a letter to parents of children 2-10 years of age. The lists for adolescents 11-18 years of age were distributed by teachers in school. Those adolescents who were not in school received the lists by mail at their homes. The Child Behavior Checklists used for analyses were completed by 109 parents of 2-3 year old children; 943 parents of 4-16 year old children, and 546 non-referred adolescents from the general population. The rate of response was lowest for the youngest age group (47%), but increasing to 62% with increasing age of the child. The response rate among the adolescents answering the Youth Self Report was 64%. Comparisons are presented with the Child Behavior Checklist for this study with Dutch, American, French, Canadian, German and Chilean samples and show striking similarities in four of these countries in behavior/emotional problems reported. The present study prevalence data behavior/emotional problems in Icelandic children from the general population from 4-16 year olds for 943 children is 17.5 (boys 19.1; girls 15.).","PeriodicalId":77012,"journal":{"name":"Arctic medical research","volume":"54 Suppl 1 ","pages":"86-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18644648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0