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Effect of Li2O and LiOH on the Corrosion Behavior of Fe, Co, Ni, and 29NK Alloy in the FLiNaK Melt Li2O和LiOH对Fe、Co、Ni和29NK合金在FLiNaK熔体中腐蚀行为的影响
IF 0.3
Russian Metallurgy (Metally) Pub Date : 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1134/S0036029525701277
K. E. Seliverstov, A. V. Kuznetsova, E. A. Karfidov, E. V. Nikitina, A. E. Dedyukhin
{"title":"Effect of Li2O and LiOH on the Corrosion Behavior of Fe, Co, Ni, and 29NK Alloy in the FLiNaK Melt","authors":"K. E. Seliverstov,&nbsp;A. V. Kuznetsova,&nbsp;E. A. Karfidov,&nbsp;E. V. Nikitina,&nbsp;A. E. Dedyukhin","doi":"10.1134/S0036029525701277","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0036029525701277","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Abstract</b>—The search for candidate structural materials resistant to contact with molten FLiNaK is a challenging fundamental and applied problem. To study the mechanisms of corrosive interaction between multicomponent metallic materials and halide melts in detail and to guide the search for resistant structural materials, it is advisable to compare the quantitative characteristics of corrosion of an alloy and its constituent individual metals. The aim of this work is to investigate the corrosion behavior of individual metals, namely, Fe, Ni, and Co, and a 29NK alloy (51.14–54.5 Fe, 28.5–29.5 Ni, 17–18 Co) in the FLiNaK melt with the addition of oxygen-containing compounds ranging from 0 to 2 wt % (lithium oxide and hydroxide). Corrosion tests are performed at 500°C for 24 h in an inert argon gas atmosphere with a water content below 0.1 ppm and an oxygen content below 10 ppm. The corrosion potentials of Fe, Co, Ni, and 29NK alloy are measured relative to a platinum quasi-reference electrode. The corrosion resistance of the materials in the FLiNaK melt containing oxygen-containing additives increases in the following order: Fe → 29NK alloy → Ni → Co.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2025 2","pages":"386 - 394"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144914838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Activity Coefficients and Solubility of Uranium in Liquid-Metal Pb–Sn Alloys 铀在液态金属铅锡合金中的活度系数和溶解度
IF 0.3
Russian Metallurgy (Metally) Pub Date : 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1134/S0036029525701289
A. V. Novoselova, V. V. Smolenski, A. L. Bovet
{"title":"Activity Coefficients and Solubility of Uranium in Liquid-Metal Pb–Sn Alloys","authors":"A. V. Novoselova,&nbsp;V. V. Smolenski,&nbsp;A. L. Bovet","doi":"10.1134/S0036029525701289","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0036029525701289","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Abstract</b>—The equilibrium potentials of liquid-metal U–M alloys (where М = Pb, Pb–Sn, and Sn) are measured in a U(М)<sub>(dil)</sub>|NaCl–2CsCl–UCl<sub>3</sub>||NaCl–2CsCl|C<sub>(s)</sub>, Cl<sub>2(g)</sub> electrochemical cell using open-cercuit potentiometry. The electromotive force (emf) of a U|NaCl–2CsCl–UCl<sub>3</sub>|M + UM<sub><i>x</i></sub> galvanic cell, in which the liquid-metal alloy corresponds to the two-phase region and UM<sub><i>x</i></sub> is an intermetallic compound, is measured to determine uranium solubility in the alloys. The experiments are carried out in a molten NaCl–2CsCl eutectic under an inert gas atmosphere. Reagents containing no impurities of moisture, oxygen, and their compounds are used in the experiments. All the main procedures are carried out in a dry glove box. The NaCl–2CsCl–UCl<sub>3</sub> melts are prepared in two stages. A NaCl–2CsCl–UCl<sub>4</sub> melt is prepared first by the chlorination of metallic uranium with gaseous chlorine, and then the prepared electrolyte is stored in contact with uranium to form a NaCl–2CsCl–UCl<sub>3</sub> solution. Uranium alloys with low-melting metals are prepared prior to experiment by the electrolysis of the NaCl–2CsCl–UCl<sub>3</sub> melt. The electrolysis time corresponds to conditions of one-phase or two-phase region formation. The high-temperature filtration of saturated alloys through a porous quartz filter is used to determine the uranium concentration in an alloy containing no intermetallic compounds. The dependences of the activity coefficients of γ-U in lead, tin, and Pb–Sn bimetallic alloy are detected. The temperature dependences of the emf of the galvanic cell are approximated by straight lines, and the values of emf depend on the nature of the alloy components and decrease in the order Sn &gt; Pb–Sn &gt; Pb. The solubility of uranium in the U–Pb, U–Pb–Sn, and U–Sn alloys is determined. The solubility of uranium is found to be low and almost independent of the alloy nature.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2025 2","pages":"395 - 399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144914840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cladding of Titanium Carbide Powders with Nickel for Use in Flux-Cored Wires 药芯焊丝用碳化钛粉镀镍的研究
IF 0.3
Russian Metallurgy (Metally) Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1134/S0036029525700958
N. V. Kobernik, A. S. Pankratov, Yu. V. Andriyanov, A. L. Galinovskii
{"title":"Cladding of Titanium Carbide Powders with Nickel for Use in Flux-Cored Wires","authors":"N. V. Kobernik,&nbsp;A. S. Pankratov,&nbsp;Yu. V. Andriyanov,&nbsp;A. L. Galinovskii","doi":"10.1134/S0036029525700958","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0036029525700958","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Abstract</b>—The results of studying the cladding of titanium carbide powders with nickel using a planetary mill are presented. When titanium carbide with a smooth surface and nickel are processed simultaneously, only fragmentary coating of the carbide surface with nickel is found to occur. The maximum coverage area of titanium carbide with nickel (3.4%) is achieved at a planetary mill rotation speed of 250 rpm. Here, the titanium content in nickel increases up to 10.50 wt %. The use of titanium carbide with a pumice-like structure is found to promote the cladding of the carbide with nickel. The obtained results can serve as a basis for developing a new approach to preparing nickel-based materials for manufacturing flux-cored wires used for the deposition of wear-resistant coatings.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2025 1","pages":"165 - 170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144909765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Technological Processes of the Electrocontact Welding of Functional Coatings: Part 1 功能涂层电接触焊接工艺流程：第1部分
IF 0.3
Russian Metallurgy (Metally) Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1134/S0036029525700971
A. V. Serov, R. A. Latypov, P. I. Burak, N. V. Serov
{"title":"Technological Processes of the Electrocontact Welding of Functional Coatings: Part 1","authors":"A. V. Serov,&nbsp;R. A. Latypov,&nbsp;P. I. Burak,&nbsp;N. V. Serov","doi":"10.1134/S0036029525700971","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0036029525700971","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Abstract</b>—The development of mechanical engineering requires the creation of new technologies and the improvement of the existing technologies, including those for hardening and restoring parts and producing functional coatings. Electrocontact welding (ECW) is an effective method for producing functional coatings on the working surfaces of parts for various purposes. In this work, we consider the technological capabilities, the experience in using various materials, hardness, and wear resistance of ECW coatings. The main technological equipment and recommendations for selecting tools are discussed. The processes of ECW production of functional coatings are classified with allowance for their physical and technological features, which enables a rational choice of equipment type, process scheme, filler materials, and process intensification methods using the needs and capabilities of specific production.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2025 1","pages":"176 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144909767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Transformation of the Material Flows of Rare Earth Metals and Their Compounds on the Global Market 稀土金属及其化合物在全球市场上的物质流动转变
IF 0.3
Russian Metallurgy (Metally) Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1134/S003602952570106X
A. I. Petrova, S. V. Bogdanov
{"title":"Transformation of the Material Flows of Rare Earth Metals and Their Compounds on the Global Market","authors":"A. I. Petrova,&nbsp;S. V. Bogdanov","doi":"10.1134/S003602952570106X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S003602952570106X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The material flows of rare earth metals (REMs) worldwide are overviewed. The predominant role of China in the global REMs market is highlighted, with its production share being around 70% in recent years. Key trends in market development over the past few years are shown in terms of import and export flows. A trend toward increasing exports of Chinese rare earth products with higher added value (magnets) is noted. The quantitative dependence of certain countries (the United States, Japan, EU) on Chinese shipments of REMs is emphasized, along with the identification of major producers and their supply directions outside China. Data on the growth of China’s imports of rare earth raw materials in the form of unprocessed products from Malaysia, Myanmar, and Vietnam are presented. The conclusion is drawn regarding a partial reorientation of Chinese shipments of REM compounds to Asian countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2025 1","pages":"230 - 234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144909778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Electrolytic Refining of a Pb–Sn Crude Alloy 一种铅锡粗合金的电解精炼
IF 0.3
Russian Metallurgy (Metally) Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1134/S0036029525700739
A. P. Lysenko, V. P. Tarasov, E. S. Gorelikov, D. N. Mulyk
{"title":"Electrolytic Refining of a Pb–Sn Crude Alloy","authors":"A. P. Lysenko,&nbsp;V. P. Tarasov,&nbsp;E. S. Gorelikov,&nbsp;D. N. Mulyk","doi":"10.1134/S0036029525700739","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0036029525700739","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Abstract</b>—The mechanism of electrode processes for preparing a refined lead–tin alloy via electrolysis is presented. Rather close potentials of lead and tin allow the metals to deposit and precipitate from solutions of simple salts without forming new compounds and solid solutions. A lead–tin alloy is deposited on the cathode when passing electric current through the following solution (g/L): 94 SnSiF<sub>6</sub>, 65 PbSiF<sub>6</sub>, and 86 H<sub>2</sub>SiF<sub>6</sub>. Such metals as Zn, Cd, Fe, Ni, and Sn precipitate to the solution. Impurities of As, Sb, Bi, Cu, and Ag precipitate to a slime. The content of each metal in the solution does not exceed 0.004%. The process is carried out at a current efficiency of 95% and an electric energy consumption of 174 kW h t<sup>–1</sup>. The purity of the electrolyte alloy is 99.992%.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2025 1","pages":"10 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144909782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Influence of a Suspension Viscosity on the Structure and Properties of the Formed Diffusion Coating 悬浮液粘度对形成的扩散涂层结构和性能的影响
IF 0.3
Russian Metallurgy (Metally) Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1134/S0036029525700934
V. G. Opokin, R. G. Ravilov, V. M. Samoilenko, V. V. Shestakov
{"title":"Influence of a Suspension Viscosity on the Structure and Properties of the Formed Diffusion Coating","authors":"V. G. Opokin,&nbsp;R. G. Ravilov,&nbsp;V. M. Samoilenko,&nbsp;V. V. Shestakov","doi":"10.1134/S0036029525700934","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0036029525700934","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Abstract</b>—The influence of the viscosity of a suspension on the microstructure of the formed diffusion slurry coating is studied. The boundaries of the suspension viscosity for the formation of a high-quality diffusion slurry coating are determined. The heat resistance and microhardness of the formed coatings and the influence of the suspension viscosity on the technological properties when applying on turbine blades of a gas-turbine engine are studied.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2025 1","pages":"155 - 159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144909883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Microstructure Formation Mechanism in a Composite Material during Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar Components 异种构件搅拌摩擦焊复合材料的微观组织形成机理
IF 0.3
Russian Metallurgy (Metally) Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1134/S003602952570079X
A. D. Shlyapin, V. V. Ovchinnikov, N. V. Uchevatkina
{"title":"Microstructure Formation Mechanism in a Composite Material during Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar Components","authors":"A. D. Shlyapin,&nbsp;V. V. Ovchinnikov,&nbsp;N. V. Uchevatkina","doi":"10.1134/S003602952570079X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S003602952570079X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Abstract</b>—The problem of joint formation during friction treatment of composite materials based on immiscible components (ICs) is considered. The role of adiabatic shear bands (ASBs) in the interaction with the elements forming a composite material is demonstrated. The effects of heavy low-melting component migration along ASBs at rates significantly exceeding traditional diffusion rates are described. They offer a fresh perspective on friction stir welding (FSW) not only as an effective welding method, but also as the foundation for an alternative technology to produce bulk alloys from ICs. The stirring zone temperature is found to be high enough for the intensive formation of solid solutions and intermetallic phases. The structure of such particles is formed under heating and intense plastic deformation, with possible activation of two component migration mechanisms, namely, diffusion and migration along ASBs, which are reproduced during each tool rotation. An increase in the lead content in a composite material from 5 to 44% decreases the friction coefficient from 0.28 to 0.13. The main decrease in the friction coefficient of an Al–Pb composite material occurs within the lead content range 0–30 wt %. The development of the alternative technology for producing special-purpose composite materials (CM) discussed here involves two interrelated directions: expanding the range of new functional CMs using the unique capabilities of FSW technology and refining the mechanism of structural and phase transformations underlying this technology. In particular, further investigations are needed on the ASB formation mechanism and kinetics and the role of ASBs in the microstructure and properties of composites.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2025 1","pages":"48 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144909895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Improving the Efficiency of the Electrical and Technological Operation of a Modular Electric Arc Furnace 提高组合式电弧炉的电气和工艺操作效率
IF 0.3
Russian Metallurgy (Metally) Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1134/S0036029525700909
A. A. Nikolaev, P. G. Tulupov, V. S. Ivekeev, S. S. Ryzhevol
{"title":"Improving the Efficiency of the Electrical and Technological Operation of a Modular Electric Arc Furnace","authors":"A. A. Nikolaev,&nbsp;P. G. Tulupov,&nbsp;V. S. Ivekeev,&nbsp;S. S. Ryzhevol","doi":"10.1134/S0036029525700909","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0036029525700909","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Abstract</b>—The electrical and technological operating conditions of a DSP-120 modular electric arc furnace are analyzed. The problems associated with suboptimal furnace operation at a low power factor, lack of automation in gas-oxygen equipment, and the absence of an informative parameter characterizing the efficiency of shielding arcs by a foamed slag have been described. As a solution to these problems, we propose an improved technique for setting the electrotechnological conditions of the modular electric arc furnace, which is used to develop new optimized heat profiles. Recommendations for optimizing the injection of a carbon-containing material into the furnace using a slag coefficient calculated using the harmonic composition of the arc currents are developed. The implementation of these measures in the operating production is found to cause a technical effect in the form of reduced specific energy consumption, which is crucial for a modular electric arc furnace as an energy-intensive technological unit.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2025 1","pages":"127 - 139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144909899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Structure and Properties of the Butt Joints of Annealed 1580 Alloy Sheets Made by One-Sided Friction Stir Welding 1580合金单侧搅拌摩擦焊退火板对接接头的组织与性能
IF 0.3
Russian Metallurgy (Metally) Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1134/S0036029525700788
A. M. Drits, V. V. Ovchinnikov, R. B. Reztsov, D. A. Polyakov
{"title":"Structure and Properties of the Butt Joints of Annealed 1580 Alloy Sheets Made by One-Sided Friction Stir Welding","authors":"A. M. Drits,&nbsp;V. V. Ovchinnikov,&nbsp;R. B. Reztsov,&nbsp;D. A. Polyakov","doi":"10.1134/S0036029525700788","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0036029525700788","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Abstract</b>—The structure and mechanical properties of the one-sided friction stir welded butt joints of 10-mm-thick annealed sheets of a commercial grade 1580 aluminum alloy are investigated. The effect of additional water cooling of the weld zone on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the joints is studied. The strength coefficient of the joints is 0.90–0.92 of the ultimate tensile strength of the base material. Failure of the welded joints during tensile testing occurs in the thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ) on the retreating side of the tool. The welded joints exhibit high ductility, with a bending angle of 135°–150°. Friction stir welding of annealed 1580 alloy sheets is shown to produce high-quality, defect-free welds, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2025 1","pages":"39 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144909843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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