American Anthropologist最新文献

{"title":"Rooting in a useless land: Ancient farmers, celebrity chefs, and environmental justice in Yucatán By Chelsea Fisher, Berkeley: University of California Press, 2023. 280 pp.","authors":"Brent Woodfill","doi":"10.1111/aman.13982","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aman.13982","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 3","pages":"536-537"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140964804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The costs of war: Lessons from a public scholarship project on the post-9/11 wars","authors":"Stephanie Savell,&nbsp;Catherine Lutz","doi":"10.1111/aman.13975","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aman.13975","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article lays out the work of Costs of War, a project of scholars creating public-facing knowledge toward the goal of challenging US militarism. Emerging from literature that critiques US imperial violence and deconstructs the commonplace understandings that support it, our efforts identify and confront pillars of belief about war that are shaped by the powerful military-industrial complex and rooted in an underlying devaluation of the lives of Muslims, people of color, women, and oppressed groups who bear the brunt of militarization both at home and abroad. We use our research and associated website (costsofwar.org) to reach out to journalists, editors, Congress, policymakers, civic groups, social movements, and the US public. In contesting the soundbites about the post-9/11 wars that allow these wars to be seen as inevitable and to continue uncontested, we hope to help avert the next war championed by those least likely to live with the horrific and decades-long consequences. We describe our approach, its successes, and its stumbling blocks in hope of offering insights for scholars in the social sciences who wish to use their research in service of activist goals and social justice movements, antiwar and beyond.</p><p>يعرض هذا المقال أعمال مشروع “تكاليف الحرب،” وهو مشروع يضم أكاديميين يعملون على بناء معرفة موجهة للجمهور في سبيل تحدي النزوع العسكري للولايات المتحدة الأمريكية. إن عملنا، المنبثق عن التراث الفكري المنتقد للعنف الإمبريالي الأمريكي والذي يفكك الفهم السائد الذي يدعمه، يعرّف ويواجه مرتكزات المعتقد المتعلق بحرب يشكلها المجمع الصناعي العسكري القوي وتمد بجذورها في الاستهانة الكامنة بحيوات المسلمين، والملونين، والنساء، والمجموعات المقهورة والذين يحتملون -في مجموعهم- تبعات العسكرة إن كان في الديار أو في الخارج. نحن نستخدم بحثنا وموقع الانترنت المرتبط بنا (costofwar.org) في التواصل مع صحفيين ومحررين وأعضاء في الكونجرس وصناع سياسات ومجموعات مدنية وحركات اجتماعية وعامة الجمهور الأمريكي. في طعننا في العبارات الرنانة التي صدرت حول حروب ما بعد الحادي عشر من سبتمبر، والتي تمكن هذه الحروب من أن ترى باعتبارها محتومة ومن البقاء دون مراجعة، نطمح إلى أن نساعد في تجنب الحرب المقبلة والمؤيدة من قبل أولئك الذين لن يضطروا على الأغلب للحياة في ظل التبعات المرعبة التي ستستمر لعقود. إننا نصف نهجنا ، بنجاحاته والعقبات المعيقة له، على أمل تقديم رؤى للأكاديميين في مجال العلوم الاجتماعية الذين يأملون في استخدام بحثهم في بلوغ أهداف ناشطية، وحركات العدالة الاجتماعية ومناهضة الحرب، وغير ذلك.</p>","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 3","pages":"479-496"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140995220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the situations of anthropologists around the world as to publication and evaluation criteria","authors":"Gordon Mathews,&nbsp;Gonzalo Díaz Crovetto,&nbsp;Thomas Hylland Eriksen,&nbsp;P.-j. Ezeh,&nbsp;Shannon Morreira,&nbsp;Yasmeen Arif,&nbsp;Chen Gang,&nbsp;Takami Kuwayama","doi":"10.1111/aman.13981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aman.13981","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;In January 2022, the World Council of Anthropological Associations Task Force “Making Anthropology Global” was formed, consisting of Gonzalo Díaz Crovetto, Thomas Hylland Eriksen, P.-j. Ezeh, Shannon Morreira, Yasmeen Arif, Chen Gang, Gordon Mathews (chairperson), and Takami Kuwayama, reporting on Chile, Norway, Nigeria, South Africa. India, China, Hong Kong, and Japan. The task force met via Zoom once a month during 2022 and early 2023, with assignments after each meeting, whereby members wrote about the situation of anthropologists in their own societies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Initially, the task force focused on the impact of citation indexes such as the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) on promotion practices for anthropologists in our different societies. As Kuwayama (&lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;, 162−63) writes, “as of April 2017, a total of 82 journals are listed in SSCI under the category of anthropology. . . . Of these, the US accounts for 38, the UK 21, Germany 6, Australia 3, the Netherlands, 3, Chile, 2, France 2, Spain 2, Argentina 1, Italy 1, New Zealand 1, Slovenia 1, and Switzerland 1.” This situation is essentially unchanged in the years since, with Anglo-American hegemony an indisputable fact in anthropological journal publishing. However, as we proceeded in our work, we soon realized that SSCI was only one factor in how anthropologists were being evaluated, and so we began to examine the more general situations of anthropologists in our different societies. This brief report summarizes our findings in terms of publication expectations, citation indexes, language usage, and promotional criteria among anthropologists in the eight different societies we represent and also offers our recommendations. A significant limitation of this report is that it covers a small range of societies, albeit from a wide geographic range around the world, and we hope in the future to expand these to cover all the world, but we do sense that the diversity of the societies we represent offers at least the start of a global profile. We begin by providing a country-by-country report. We then provide a comparison of the different issues raised in these reports. Finally, we arrive at a few suggestions for how global problems in publication, language, promotion, and other issues might be alleviated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In what follows, we present key points both from the preceding profiles of anthropological publishing and evaluation in different societies and from the longer document we produced as a task force.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The following are broad criteria that we have all come to agree upon within our task force. We are well aware that their adoption may be a pipe dream, but we offer them in the spirit of provoking discussion and perhaps expanding imaginations as to what might be possible.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;(1) Some form of evaluation of anthropology professors seems inevitable. The earlier situations of Japan and China, where seniority was effectively the only grounds for promotion, is broadly untenable.","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 3","pages":"524-535"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aman.13981","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142050513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The social life of illegality: Suspicion and surveillance against African migrants in urban India","authors":"Bani Gill","doi":"10.1111/aman.13979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aman.13979","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The turn of the 21st century has witnessed a rising trend of migration from the African continent to cities across India. Accompanying such flows have been racial tensions and policing spectacles, including incidents of violence, vandalism, and evictions against African migrants and their pathologization as “illegal.” These subtle yet pervasive forms of migrant policing by state and citizen actors constitute what I call the social life of “illegality” that is characterized by distinctive modes of suspicion and surveillance. Based upon ethnography conducted in an “unplanned” settlement of Delhi cohabitated by both African and Indian residents, I illuminate how caste-race-religion informed indexes of difference contribute to the multi-sensorial racialization of African migrants as suspicious. In emplacing such dynamics within changing spatial economies and the moral anxieties accompanying such transitions, I further demonstrate quotidian practice of microsurveillance against African migrants as sustaining their position as rent-paying clients who are nonetheless maintained in their racial alterity. The social life of “illegality” thus refocuses attention on the sensorial and emplaced registers that illegalize migrants, above and beyond documentation, thereby furthering a discussion on migrant “illegality” as enmeshed within racialized imaginaries, urban transformations, and alternate modes of governmentality.</p>","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 3","pages":"422-433"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aman.13979","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142050514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can anthropologists get humor? A collaborative experiment on empathetic knowing at a time of predicaments","authors":"Jing Xu,&nbsp;Yang Zhan","doi":"10.1111/aman.13980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aman.13980","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As a pandemic-era collaborative writing project undertaken amid rising geopolitical tensions, this article demonstrates understanding humor in contemporary China as an ethnographic project leading toward deep, empathetic knowledge at a time when in-person fieldwork became difficult. Through deciphering and translating layered meanings “encrypted” in and intentions signaled by humor in a new comedy program launched in 2021, we dive deep into the lively social life in contemporary China. Humor, via “thick description,” offers valuable insights into life in “fieldsites” that were hard to access during the pandemic time, amid political tensions. It provides a unique lens to examine the unspoken but shared sentiments in societies where humor has become a fundamental mode of public expression. It alerts us to existential anxieties in social life, the subtle voices of social critique, and the yearning for empathy. Humor is not only a valuable object for anthropological inquiry but also a vantage point to reflect on ethnographic methodology and epistemology. We examine humor, with its sentimental and ethical potentialities, and through spontaneous collaboration of mutual support, envision new possibilities in anthropological knowledge production.</p>","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 3","pages":"434-445"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aman.13980","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142050512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Green peppers, tomatoes, and lemons, disunite!”: Feminist solidarity in times of wars","authors":"Serra Hakyemez,&nbsp;Ozlem Yasak","doi":"10.1111/aman.13978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aman.13978","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article focuses on female bodies co-laboring across the racial lines and academic-activist divides to explore both the potentials and constraints of feminist solidarity in the hyper-masculine and ultra-nationalist normative order of the global war on terror. Anthropological studies have deconstructed phantasmatic narratives of the global war on terror by disclosing its racialized and classed structure. However, what remains understudied is how racialized female bodies are subjected to the biopower and necropower of this war. This ethnography concentrates on the feminist solidarity between Özlem Yasak and Serra Hakyemez, the coauthors of this article, which stretches over 13 years and moves between the colony and the metropole and the Global South and Global North. It examines how a Turkish academic and a Kurdish activist (both lower middle-class women) forge, cultivate, and repair their comradeship as they move from an immigration office to their family house to neoliberal universities. Based on what we call the Other-graphy as a new feminist method, this article argues that the global war on terror expands its reach as the humanitarian and neoliberal regimes of power recruit activists and academics to the fantasy of autonomous subjectivity posited against their possible political solidarity.</p>","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 3","pages":"509-520"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aman.13978","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142050550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction - Anthropology and the security encounter: Toward an abolitionist anthropology in the age of permanent war","authors":"Zoltán Glück","doi":"10.1111/aman.13977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aman.13977","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Anthropologists need to grapple politically with the ways in which security, war and militarization shape our fields of study. This special section of American Anthropologist, “Forever War: Anthropology and the Global War on Terror,” brings together scholars studying, writing and enacting their politics amidst the immense socio-political impacts of the Global War on Terror. In this introductory article, I offer the concept of “the security encounter” to describe the complex and inherently political conditions of doing anthropology within the current conjuncture, as well as a provocation for anthropologists to adopt an abolitionist approach to security, militarization, and permanent war which increasingly structure our lives and work.</p>","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 3","pages":"470-478"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142050548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The forever war, foregone","authors":"Darryl Li","doi":"10.1111/aman.13976","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aman.13976","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;What is there to say about a war largely consigned to the past without ever having ended? For those who experienced September 11, 2001, as an epochal event, the twentieth anniversary may have seemed more like a millstone than a milestone—a ritual made especially hollow by the recent advent of an even more decisively world-making pandemic.&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; Similarly, the appearance of this not-quite-anniversary collection several years later is a reminder not only of the collective exhaustion that we labor under but of a larger rearranging of priorities—or of proverbial deckchairs in the face of melting glaciers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;From its inception, cheerleaders and critics of what we can now call the “Forever War” warned that it would not end with the clarity of a surrender ritual or decisive battle. Instead, the Forever War's normalization and its obsolescence seem to have gone hand in hand. On the one hand, it is safe to say that globalized counterinsurgency against an ill-defined “Islamic” terrorist threat no longer enjoys pride of place as a central animating principle of the US imperium, as Washington becomes increasingly preoccupied with both Russia and China. At the same time, the Forever War unquestionably endures: its clearest juridical expression, the 2001 Authorization for the Use of Military Force (AUMF), continues to serve as the legal grounding for military operations from Afghanistan to Syria to Somalia.&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; Legislative discussions focus not on repeal, but on the extent of further expansion. The Forever War's institutional reconfigurations of the American state, including the advent and metastasis of the Department of Homeland Security—a cabinet agency whose budget is second only to the Pentagon's—will remain with us for many years to come. Somehow both forever and yet past, the Forever War may appear as &lt;i&gt;foregone&lt;/i&gt;, in that it precedes the world we inhabit and shapes much of what is taken for granted about it.&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; And rather than ever being abolished or abrogated, the Forever War's most likely fate is to simply be superseded in favor of other, even more terrifying, forms of violence.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Against this temporal morass and the oblivion that it invites, we can plant our feet in this moment and face the closest thing to an event marking a sense of closure: the September 2021 US withdrawal from Afghanistan. Even after the successful conclusion of a withdrawal agreement with the Taliban, the United States continues to assert a right to project lethal violence into the country from “over the horizon” at will, as it did with the 2022 drone strike that killed al-Qa'ida leader Ayman al-Zawahiri. Less spectacular but far more consequential is the US decision to freeze billions of dollars in Afghan central bank assets deposited at the Federal Reserve in New York, a move that has pushed an already impoverished country further into immiseration and potential famine. To speak of the US war on Afghanistan in the past tense notwithstanding","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 3","pages":"521-523"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aman.13976","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140675323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pink gold: Women, shrimp, and work in Mexico By María L. Cruz-Torres, Austin: University of Texas Press, 2023. 384 pp.","authors":"Robert R. Alvarez","doi":"10.1111/aman.13974","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aman.13974","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 3","pages":"544-545"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140748151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whither book reviews?","authors":"Elizabeth Chin","doi":"10.1111/aman.13973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aman.13973","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 2","pages":"181"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140541026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}