American Anthropologist最新文献

{"title":"Isoform-specific C-terminal phosphorylation drives autoinhibition of Casein Kinase 1.","authors":"Rachel L Harold, Nikhil K Tulsian, Rajesh Narasimamurthy, Noelle Yaitanes, Maria G Ayala Hernandez, Hsiau-Wei Lee, Priya Crosby, Sarvind M Tripathi, David M Virshup, Carrie L Partch","doi":"10.1101/2023.04.24.538174","DOIUrl":"10.1101/2023.04.24.538174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Casein kinase <math><mrow><mn>1</mn> <mtext>δ</mtext> <mspace></mspace> <mtext>(CK1δ)</mtext></mrow> </math> controls essential biological processes including circadian rhythms and Wnt signaling, but how its activity is regulated is not well understood. <math><mrow><mtext>CK1δ</mtext></mrow> </math> is inhibited by autophosphorylation of its intrinsically disordered C-terminal tail. Two CK1 splice variants, <math><mrow><mtext>δ</mtext> <mn>1</mn></mrow> </math> and <math><mrow><mtext>δ</mtext> <mn>2</mn></mrow> </math> , are known to have very different effects on circadian rhythms. These variants differ only in the last 16 residues of the tail, referred to as the extreme C-termini (XCT), but with marked changes in potential phosphorylation sites. Here we test if the XCT of these variants have different effects in autoinhibition of the kinase. Using NMR and HDX-MS, we show that the <math><mrow><mtext>δ</mtext> <mn>1</mn></mrow> </math> XCT is preferentially phosphorylated by the kinase and the <math><mrow><mtext>δ</mtext> <mn>1</mn></mrow> </math> tail makes more extensive interactions across the kinase domain. Mutation of <math><mrow><mtext>δ1</mtext></mrow> </math> -specific XCT phosphorylation sites increases kinase activity both <i>in vitro</i> and in cells and leads to changes in circadian period, similar to what is reported <i>in vivo</i>. Mechanistically, loss of the phosphorylation sites in XCT disrupts tail interaction with the kinase domain. <math><mrow><mtext>δ1</mtext></mrow> </math> autoinhibition relies on conserved anion binding sites around the CK1 active site, demonstrating a common mode of product inhibition of <math><mrow><mtext>CK1δ</mtext></mrow> </math> . These findings demonstrate how a phosphorylation cycle controls the activity of this essential kinase.</p>","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11312495/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89157857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnographic methods: Training norms and practices and the future of American anthropology","authors":"Rosalyn Negrón,&nbsp;Amber Wutich,&nbsp;H. Russell Bernard,&nbsp;Alexandra Brewis,&nbsp;Alissa Ruth,&nbsp;Katherine Mayfour,&nbsp;Barbara Piperata,&nbsp;Melissa Beresford,&nbsp;Cindi SturtzSreetharan,&nbsp;Pardis Mahdavi,&nbsp;Jessica Hardin,&nbsp;Rebecca Zarger,&nbsp;Krista Harper,&nbsp;James Holland Jones,&nbsp;Clarence C. Gravlee,&nbsp;Bryan Brayboy","doi":"10.1111/aman.13991","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aman.13991","url":null,"abstract":"<p>American anthropology is engaged in significant self-reckonings that call for big changes to how anthropology is practiced. These include (1) recognizing and taking seriously the demands to decolonize the ways research is done, (2) addressing precarious employment in academic anthropology, and (3) creating a discipline better positioned to respond to urgent societal needs. A central role for ethnographic methods training is a thread that runs through each of these three reckonings. This article, written by a team of cultural, biocultural, and linguistic anthropologists, outlines key connections between ethnographic methods training and the challenges facing anthropology. We draw on insights from a large-scale survey of American Anthropological Association members to examine current ethnographic methods capabilities and training practices. Study findings are presented and explored to answer three guiding questions: To what extent do our current anthropological practices in ethnographic methods training serve to advance or undermine current calls for disciplinary change? To what extent do instructors themselves identify disconnects between their own practices and the need for innovation? And, finally, what can be done, and at what scale, to leverage ethnographic methods training to meet calls for disciplinary change?</p>","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 3","pages":"458-469"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aman.13991","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141828687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"It's just a font","authors":"Elizabeth Chin","doi":"10.1111/aman.28000","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aman.28000","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 3","pages":"387"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141831290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calibrating care: Family caregiving and the social weight of sympathy (tình cảm) in Vietnam","authors":"Tine M. Gammeltoft","doi":"10.1111/aman.13993","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aman.13993","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article explores family caregiving in Vietnamese households affected by type 2 diabetes. Drawing on existential phenomenology and on fieldwork conducted in northern Vietnam, I develop the concept of care calibrations as a tool to understand how family members respond socially and morally to the needs for care that diabetes confronts them with. The concept of care calibrations highlights how chronic care is undertaken as an ethical endeavor within domestic environments characterized by multiple care needs. The article explores how caregivers find their bearings in complex care situations by looking toward dominant moral standards while also adjusting pragmatically to the contingencies of domestic lives, placing themselves in others’ situations. On this ethnographic basis, the article calls for more sustained anthropological attention to the social implications of human capacities for sympathetic co-living and particularly to the intermediate realm between selves and others where capacities for moral imagination reside.</p>","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 4","pages":"596-607"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aman.13993","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141672168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Truth before transition: Reimagining anthropology as restorative justice","authors":"Kisha Supernant","doi":"10.1111/aman.13992","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aman.13992","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Anthropology is a discipline that is always in a state of transition and becoming, but the current moment has a sense of being a tipping point, a crisis, a sea change. Whether a case for letting anthropology burn (Jobson, &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;) or a call to decolonize anthropology (Gupta &amp; Stoolman, &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;), the conversations happening in the field are coalescing around the need for change at a scale we have rarely faced before. In the current reality, people are desperate for futurities beyond late modernity, beyond the climate crisis, beyond the crush of neoliberal capitalism, beyond the ongoing violences of colonialism, and beyond the limits of Western knowledge. Emerging from the chrysalis of the COVID-19 pandemic, a powerful need for some sense of collective care for humanity as we face an uncertain future has resonated across the discipline (d'Alpoim Guedes et al., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). As a discipline that claims the study of humanity and promotion of cross-cultural understanding at our core, this moment should be a time when anthropology can be more relevant and meaningful than ever. But as tides of hate rise around us, we are struggling, sometimes flailing, sometimes failing, to make sense of our role in a different future when faced with necessary change (e.g., Joyce, &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;; Nelson, &lt;span&gt;2021b&lt;/span&gt;). In the face of a cataclysmic climate crisis and increasing global conflict, an insecurity about what a radical reimagining and reorientation of anthropology might mean permeates disciplinary discourse (A. Gupta &amp; Stoolman, &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;; Lewis, &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;; Pierre, &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;No accounting of an imagined future is possible without a reflection on how the past influences the present (Pels, &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;). In this paper, I offer my perspective on what this moment means, first by reminding us of our collective disciplinary truths before offering an example of an anthropology of restitution and restorative justice drawn from my own work as an Indigenous archaeologist. My perspective is grounded in my position as a Métis woman, an anthropological archaeologist, a mother, and someone with deep responsibilities to my relatives in the lands we now call Canada (Supernant, &lt;span&gt;2020a&lt;/span&gt;). While I will tell some difficult truths in this paper, it is my sincere hope that when facing down the specter of transition, we see possibilities, not insurmountable barriers. We see different possible futures, not the bleakness of the apocalyptic void. But truth first.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Transition requires a reckoning with the truth. Without a reckoning, the past becomes a tether, tying our collective discipline to a legacy from which we cannot break free. Transition invites a release: a surrender of that which no longer serves our vision of what we wish to become. I am not the first to call for a reckoning, nor will I be the last. Many voices at the margins of anthropology and our allies have been telling diffi","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 3","pages":"396-407"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aman.13992","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141679718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invasive species or legal alien? Confrontation and controversy in protecting sabras in Israel","authors":"Liron Shani","doi":"10.1111/aman.13994","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aman.13994","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In an era marked by heightened globalization and climate crisis, the proliferation of alien or invasive species has emerged as a critical issue. This article delves into the contentious debates surrounding strategies for addressing these species, offering insights into divergent visions of “environmental futures” and the intricate interplay of concern, risk, and power relations in the Anthropocene. Through ethnographic research, the article scrutinizes discourses and practices related to the preservation of sabras, recent immigrants from the Americas that have become emblematic in Israel/Palestine, symbolizing a shared connection to the land for Jews and Palestinians. The primary focus is on efforts to protect sabras from an invasive insect threat, which involves introducing a “natural enemy” to combat the intruder, sparking controversy among scientists and stakeholders. By employing the concept of “Anthropocene concern,” the article unveils the anxieties of various actors regarding nonhuman entities and demonstrates how these perceptions drive human actions or inaction. Despite the temptation to associate the political struggle only with the Israeli/Palestinian conflict, the article shows the importance of analyzing the political–scientific struggle around the appropriate approach to dealing with invasive species and how emotions, politics, and science are intertwined at different levels, requiring careful analysis and interpretation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 4","pages":"608-621"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aman.13994","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141680017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When do no harm becomes harm done: Re-centering ethics in anthropology","authors":"Ramona L. Pérez","doi":"10.1111/aman.13990","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aman.13990","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As we continue to define anthropology for the 21st century, I argue that ethics—what we mean by ethics, how we invoke ethics, and how we demonstrate our ethics—should be at the center of our conversation. Through this presidential address, I offer a challenge to center an ethics of care in our work that derives not from the Common Rule or broad policies of US institutions, but rather is derived from our responsibility for the impact of our actions, whether intentional or unintentional, and is situated in the moral narratives of the communities that we serve.</p>","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 3","pages":"388-395"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aman.13990","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141354635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plantation life: Corporate occupation in Indonesia's oil palm zone By Tania Murray Li and Pujo Semedi. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2021. 256 pp.","authors":"Joshua Barkan","doi":"10.1111/aman.13983","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aman.13983","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 3","pages":"538-539"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141367800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Architectures of hope: Infrastructural citizenship and class mobility in Brazil's public housing By Moisés Kopper. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2022. 362 pp.","authors":"Alessandro M. Angelini","doi":"10.1111/aman.13989","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aman.13989","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 3","pages":"540-541"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141367666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calling names: Humoring caste and caste-ing humor","authors":"Bhoomika Joshi","doi":"10.1111/aman.13984","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aman.13984","url":null,"abstract":"<p>What is the role of humor in obfuscating social hierarchy? This article describes how caste prejudices among male taxi drivers in Uttarakhand in the Indian Himalayas are enacted through the humor of calling each other “funny” names. Such humor is directed toward Dalit drivers whose proper first names are replaced by “funny” names that caricature their personal attributes as an index of their “lower-caste” identity without addressing it directly. Given the conditions of social change in the practice of caste across India, calling such names provides the “upper-caste” drivers grounds for the disavowability of addressing caste. Calling Dalit drivers funny first names at the taxi stand eschews addressing directly the collective lower-caste identity indexed in their last names even as the humor so enacted becomes the premise for identifying their caste identity. It exceeds and bypasses legalized notions of caste atrocity by distorting personal attributes into humorous name-calling that is indexically removed from the denigration of collective caste identity that can be disavowed. This article offers an ethnography of humor to understand how humorous sociability becomes the means for addressing lower-caste identity while simultaneously providing the grounds for its obfuscation and disavowal.</p>","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 3","pages":"446-457"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141374872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}