American Anthropologist最新文献

{"title":"On deadlines","authors":"Elizabeth Chin","doi":"10.1111/aman.13933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aman.13933","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"125 4","pages":"745"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71986764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trees Are Shape Shifters: How Cultivation, Climate Change, and Disaster Create Landscapes By Andrew S. Mathews. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2022. 320 pp.","authors":"Kevin Burke","doi":"10.1111/aman.13932","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aman.13932","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 1","pages":"166-167"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135193894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fighting to Breathe: Race, Toxicity, and the Rise of Youth Activism in Baltimore By Nicole Fabricant. Oakland: University of California Press, 2023. 266 pp.","authors":"Melissa Checker","doi":"10.1111/aman.13930","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aman.13930","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 1","pages":"160-161"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135537931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"At home in my enemy's house: Israeli activists negotiating ethical values through ritualized Palestinian hospitality","authors":"Ori Mautner","doi":"10.1111/aman.13925","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aman.13925","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Engaged Dharma Israel (EDI) activists resist their state's occupation of West Bank Palestinians by offering them solidarity and support. Whereas most Israelis consider such Palestinians’ houses unsafe, EDI participants “feel at home” when acting as polite guests there, experiencing the hospitality of their politically subordinate counterparts as poignant. Such activists value <i>intimacy</i>—crossing boundaries between self and other on both personal and national levels—which they substantially realize during their visits. However, they also seek to promote Israelis’ and Palestinians’ mutual <i>autonomy</i>, or nonintervention in each other's personal and communal affairs, an often-competing value that the visits likewise help effectuate. These capacities of hospitality result from its ritualized nature—namely, its tendency to follow conventional scripts that do not require certain inner states (e.g., sincerity). Hospitality can therefore be usefully approached as a ritualized arena that enables people to promote multiple values, or culturally valorized ideals, including ones frequently found in tension. This ability of hospitality to work out and negotiate participants’ plural ethical commitments is embedded in the power dynamics and political inequalities that normally characterize hospitality events.</p>","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 1","pages":"59-70"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aman.13925","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135536628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genocide-time: Political violence reckoning in Rwanda","authors":"Natacha Nsabimana","doi":"10.1111/aman.13927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aman.13927","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article looks at how political violence in Rwanda, that of the genocide against Tutsi in 1994 and beyond, is remembered, narrated, and embedded in everyday sociality. It makes two related arguments. Taking the aftermath of Rwanda's Gacaca courts (a transitional justice mechanism implemented between 2005 and 2012) as my point of entry, I argue first that violence, though narrated as past in these courts, is imagined as returning in the future, and the present is the space to prepare for this inevitable return. This structuring temporal logic, or <i>genocide-time</i>, undergirds everyday social relations between the protagonists of Gacaca courts years after their official end. Second, both survivors and perpetrators of the genocide claim forms of racialized victimhood, a legacy of European imperial categorizations of Rwandans into Hutus and Tutsis. Genocide-time signals a temporal moment in which ethnic categories, crucial for colonial management, become racialized and deeply entangled with political violence. Shared claims to racialized victimhood today, I argue, index this longer history.</p>","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"125 4","pages":"761-770"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71983530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Under Pressure: Diamond Mining and Everyday Life in Northern Canada By Lindsay A. Bell. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2023. 188 pp.","authors":"Jordan B. Kinder","doi":"10.1111/aman.13929","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aman.13929","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 1","pages":"158-159"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135815036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robots Won't Save Japan: An Ethnography of Eldercare Automation By James Wright. Ithaca: ILR Press, an imprint of Cornell University Press, 2023. 182 pp.","authors":"Shawn Bender","doi":"10.1111/aman.13928","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aman.13928","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 1","pages":"172-173"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135814873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolving payoff currencies through the construction of causal theories","authors":"Ze Hong,&nbsp;Joseph Henrich","doi":"10.1111/aman.13926","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aman.13926","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Payoff-biased cultural learning has been extensively discussed in the literature on cultural evolution, but where do payoff currencies come from in the first place? Are they products of genetic or cultural evolution? Here we present a simulation model to explore the possibility of novel payoff currencies emerging through a process of theory construction, where agents come up with “channels” via which different cultural traits contribute to some ultimate payoff and use such “channels” as intermediate payoff currencies to make trait-updating decisions. We show that theory-building as a strategy is mostly favored when the noise associated with the ultimate-level payoff is high, selective pressures are strong, and the probability of arriving at the right theory is high. This approach provides insights into both the emergence of payoff currencies and the role of cognition for causal model building. We close by discussing the implications of our model for the broader question of causal learning in social contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 1","pages":"71-82"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135153618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Housing as asset and payment: Construction, speculation, and financialization at the European periphery","authors":"Smoki Musaraj","doi":"10.1111/aman.13913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aman.13913","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Construction booms have dominated Albania's economy and politics since the late 1990s. These booms continued even during times of illiquidity. One of the sources of financing construction in Albania is the practice of <i>klering</i> (in-kind payments). In this practice, developers pay subcontractors in (future) apartments in exchange for materials and labor. I argue that, in klering transactions, housing serves as an asset and a means of payment. The practice of klering emerged at the interface of postcommunist transformations, neoliberal reforms, and the fetishization of housing as an asset of more durable and multifaceted economic and cultural value. While grounded in the local histories and values of housing, klering is made possible by a fuzzy property regime, systemic corruption, and widespread informality. At the same time, klering echoes other global patterns pertaining to housing, such as the rise of asset economy, financialization, and money laundering through real estate purchases. The klering economy echoes speculative logics and practices that are prevalent across and that link centers and peripheries, formal and informal markets. These economic logics generate uncertainty and ambiguity; they mobilize social networks and cultural imaginaries; and they thrive on and further reproduce deep social and economic inequalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"125 4","pages":"865-879"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71961051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The sounds of silence: Thai meditative practice for personal and political change","authors":"Julia Cassaniti","doi":"10.1111/aman.13923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aman.13923","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;In the middle of Benjamin Tausig's (&lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;) &lt;i&gt;Bangkok Is Ringing: Sound, Protest, and Constraint&lt;/i&gt;, amid the clamor of crowds protesting military suppression and the voices of those who would not be silenced, the narrative suddenly becomes quiet. Tausig focuses in on a man named Kittisak Janpeng (Diew) sitting silently among the protestors. He was protesting without words, a nonverbal reaction to political violence. By meditating, Tausig tells us, “Diew created a striking visual and sonic contrast with the busy event around him.” When Tausig later contacts Diew for an interview, Diew explained how “I sat and meditated in front of the tanks for five or six hours [that day]” (90). His actions, though silent, reflected their own kind of affective reverberations among the noise. “With quiet and silence as dynamic poetic resources, it is possible,” Tausig says, “that his silence achieved a political mobility that no sound could have matched” (91).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In a much less politically charged space, in the far north of the country, a woman named Gaew had also decided that meditation was a key to solving problems. In the quieter but still bustling city of Chiang Mai, Gaew explained to me that I wouldn't be seeing her for a while, as she was about to begin a 10-day silent meditation retreat at the nearby &lt;i&gt;vipassana&lt;/i&gt; center of Wat Pradhatu Sri Chom Tong. “I've been really scattered lately,” Gaew told me when I asked her why she was going to the retreat. Her life was so busy, with her job and an extended family all relying on her, and I was surprised she would prioritize the time away. “I've been forgetful, and it will help.” I had noticed this, too: Gaew had recently started missing appointments and forgetting to bring things with her when she went out. The silent meditation, she felt, could help her to develop what she saw as her increasingly muddled mind, just as Diew felt that his practice could develop the potential for social change.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;But how? Amid the different contexts for practice that Diew, Gaew, and the thousands of others who participate in Buddhist meditation in Thailand, silence is regularly enacted as a purposeful, pragmatic practice. Silent meditation is well known as a technique of discipline and development in Thailand, ensconced in a large tradition of Thai Buddhist practice, with social implications for those who undergo it. In this essay, I address some of the ways that silence as practice works through meditation in Thailand, as a means to explore the multivocal, affective effects that can emanate from them.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In bringing together the silent political protest of a Buddhist activist in Bangkok with the kinds of encounters that my friend Gaew engaged with in silent meditation, I consider the shared potential of both. Such a consideration speaks to an anthropology of silence that, as Ana Dragojlovic (&lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;) writes, neither “celebrates the silent agency that resides in radical alterity nor imposes th","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"125 4","pages":"888-891"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71956616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}