American Anthropologist最新文献

{"title":"The forever war, foregone","authors":"Darryl Li","doi":"10.1111/aman.13976","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aman.13976","url":null,"abstract":"<p>What is there to say about a war largely consigned to the past without ever having ended? For those who experienced September 11, 2001, as an epochal event, the twentieth anniversary may have seemed more like a millstone than a milestone—a ritual made especially hollow by the recent advent of an even more decisively world-making pandemic.<sup>1</sup> Similarly, the appearance of this not-quite-anniversary collection several years later is a reminder not only of the collective exhaustion that we labor under but of a larger rearranging of priorities—or of proverbial deckchairs in the face of melting glaciers.</p><p>From its inception, cheerleaders and critics of what we can now call the “Forever War” warned that it would not end with the clarity of a surrender ritual or decisive battle. Instead, the Forever War's normalization and its obsolescence seem to have gone hand in hand. On the one hand, it is safe to say that globalized counterinsurgency against an ill-defined “Islamic” terrorist threat no longer enjoys pride of place as a central animating principle of the US imperium, as Washington becomes increasingly preoccupied with both Russia and China. At the same time, the Forever War unquestionably endures: its clearest juridical expression, the 2001 Authorization for the Use of Military Force (AUMF), continues to serve as the legal grounding for military operations from Afghanistan to Syria to Somalia.<sup>2</sup> Legislative discussions focus not on repeal, but on the extent of further expansion. The Forever War's institutional reconfigurations of the American state, including the advent and metastasis of the Department of Homeland Security—a cabinet agency whose budget is second only to the Pentagon's—will remain with us for many years to come. Somehow both forever and yet past, the Forever War may appear as <i>foregone</i>, in that it precedes the world we inhabit and shapes much of what is taken for granted about it.<sup>3</sup> And rather than ever being abolished or abrogated, the Forever War's most likely fate is to simply be superseded in favor of other, even more terrifying, forms of violence.</p><p>Against this temporal morass and the oblivion that it invites, we can plant our feet in this moment and face the closest thing to an event marking a sense of closure: the September 2021 US withdrawal from Afghanistan. Even after the successful conclusion of a withdrawal agreement with the Taliban, the United States continues to assert a right to project lethal violence into the country from “over the horizon” at will, as it did with the 2022 drone strike that killed al-Qa'ida leader Ayman al-Zawahiri. Less spectacular but far more consequential is the US decision to freeze billions of dollars in Afghan central bank assets deposited at the Federal Reserve in New York, a move that has pushed an already impoverished country further into immiseration and potential famine. To speak of the US war on Afghanistan in the past tense notwithstanding","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 3","pages":"521-523"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aman.13976","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140675323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pink gold: Women, shrimp, and work in Mexico By María L. Cruz-Torres, Austin: University of Texas Press, 2023. 384 pp.","authors":"Robert R. Alvarez","doi":"10.1111/aman.13974","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aman.13974","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 3","pages":"544-545"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140748151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whither book reviews?","authors":"Elizabeth Chin","doi":"10.1111/aman.13973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aman.13973","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 2","pages":"181"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140541026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Banker, pastor, teef: Christian financial elites and vernaculars of accountability in Ghana","authors":"Anna-Riikka Kauppinen,&nbsp;Girish Daswani","doi":"10.1111/aman.13969","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aman.13969","url":null,"abstract":"<p>When nine Ghanaian banks collapsed during the country's 2017–2019 financial crisis, a Charismatic Pentecostal pastor was at the center of public accusations as the board chairman of one of the failed banks. His role put a spotlight on the growing influence of Charismatic Pentecostal institutions and elites in Ghana's financial market. Shifting the perspective between diverse actors who reckoned with the bank's collapse, from ordinary Christians to artist-activists, this article explores how Ghanaians evaluated the culpability of the pastor and in so doing problematized who Christian elites involved in banking and business are accountable to: God, their congregants, or the public at large? We argue that global financial liberalization has generated new types of financial elites, Pentecostal pastors among them, who become subject to new lines of accountability. Holding someone accountable comes with stakes expressed through vernacular registers that demonstrate how financial markets are engulfed in broader social relations and regimes of ethical evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 3","pages":"408-421"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aman.13969","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140385979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Segregation made them neighbors: An archaeology of racialization in Boise, Idaho By William A. White III, Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2023. 234 pp.","authors":"Barbara J. Little","doi":"10.1111/aman.13972","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aman.13972","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 3","pages":"542-543"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140210441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can women hunt? Yes. Did women contribute much to human evolution through endurance hunting? Probably not.","authors":"Melanie Martin,&nbsp;Alejandra Nuñez de la Mora,&nbsp;Claudia Valeggia,&nbsp;Amanda Veile","doi":"10.1111/aman.13970","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aman.13970","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;A recent article by Ocobock and Lacy (Ocobock &amp; Lacy, &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;) argues that human females are “just as, if not more, capable as males at performing arduous physical tasks” and therefore likely to have “meaningfully engaged in hunting during our evolutionary past.” This is a direct challenge to the (generally accepted) canon that gendered subsistence activities are a key feature of the human ecological niche, with men typically contributing more to subsistence via endurance hunting and women through plant and small-prey foraging and other activities more compatible with women's reproductive roles and energetic trade-offs. In support of their argument, Ocobock and Lacy provide a comprehensive and novel review of the aspects of women's skeletal, muscular, and hormonal biology that may confer greater cardiometabolic protection and even enhanced athletic endurance and recovery capabilities relative to men. We agree with the authors that women have been woefully underrepresented in exercise physiology studies, and we hope that their review motivates further research into previously unexamined variation in women's physiological and athletic abilities.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;However, we strongly disagree with a central premise that appears to motivate this scholarship: that the idea of evolved gendered subsistence activities derives largely from incorrect assumptions extrapolated from patriarchal norms today and/or rationalizations of “implicit male superiority” &lt;i&gt;based solely on anatomical gender differences&lt;/i&gt;. Such claims are belied by extensive ethnographic and human behavioral ecology research across multiple extant foraging societies. These studies document the near universality of gendered divisions of labor, with women's large-scale participation in hunting occurring only in specific societies (i.e., the Agta) or contexts (i.e., small-game hunting) (Bird, &lt;span&gt;1999&lt;/span&gt;; Hoffman, Farquharson, &amp; Venkataraman, &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). We further argue that the review and reconstruction of women's evolved physiological capabilities is overly reliant on, and may misapply, data from Western industrialized populations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We also caution that the authors’ methodological approach does not follow the typical structure of a scientific study. Ocobock and Lacy do not state any falsifiable hypotheses or predictions to answer a specific research question, nor do they demonstrate how the physiological evidence presented changes predictions about the impact of human hunting behaviors on &lt;i&gt;biological fitness&lt;/i&gt; (survival and reproduction). Rather, the paper is focused on underscoring the reasons why the original interpretations of male-biased hunting are “wrong” (not incomplete), while attempting to demonstrate how flawed the patriarchal view is. It is further rooted in assumptions that &lt;i&gt;hunting is a superior, more-desirable activity&lt;/i&gt;, even explicitly stating that women are “relegated to mothering and gathering.” In doing so, the authors conflate ar","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 2","pages":"365-369"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aman.13970","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140236920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to “Can women hunt? Yes, did women contribute much to human evolution through endurance hunting? Probably not.”","authors":"Cara Ocobock,&nbsp;Sarah Lacy","doi":"10.1111/aman.13971","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aman.13971","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 2","pages":"370-373"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140240163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disrupting the patrón: Indigenous land rights and the fight for environmental justice in Paraguay's Chaco By Joel E. Correia. Oakland, CA: University of California Press, 2023. 236 pp.","authors":"Caroline E. Schuster","doi":"10.1111/aman.13968","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aman.13968","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 2","pages":"378-379"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140253791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Textures of Black sound and affect: Life and death in New Orleans","authors":"Matt Sakakeeny","doi":"10.1111/aman.13962","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aman.13962","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Abstract</p><p>In a traditional New Orleans jazz funeral, the characteristic shift from mourning to joy is propelled by brass band musicians weaving melodies and rhythms together. This article is about how these thickly layered textures of sound elicit shared sentiments of lament and of joy. More than an accumulation of individual layers, the textures and emotions compose an <i>atmosphere</i>, in both the physical and metaphorical sense, of mutual aid. The relative openness of the sound—the fact that it cannot be reduced to its communicative content—means that it can also be heard as a political act of refusal, rebellion, or something else altogether. An underrecognized keyword in sound studies, <i>texture</i> is placed here in a web of relations with other keywords: affect, assembly, atmosphere, care, fugitivity, joy/lament, life/death, mutual aid, rebellion, refusal, religiosity, voice/instrument. Textures of sound do not explicitly call for an end to anti-Black violence, and I am hesitant to even characterize the jazz funeral as an act of resistance. But I suggest that the assemblies of Black sounds and bodies “speak” to the possibility of liberation and generate an atmosphere of mutual aid.</p>","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 2","pages":"295-310"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140081107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What is “heard” at a pipeline hearing?: The gerrymandering of aurality in British Columbia, Canada","authors":"Lee Veeraraghavan","doi":"10.1111/aman.13965","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aman.13965","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article explores how sound technologies are deployed by government agencies to produce legitimacy in the struggle over oil pipelines in British Columbia, Canada. Activists seeking to stop the Northern Gateway and Trans Mountain pipelines have mobilized noise and silence as tactics of protest and refusal. For example, one thousand demonstrators make a cacophony outside a Vancouver hotel in protest of the Northern Gateway pipeline. Communications technology, though, is deployed here by the state to compress and control. In one of the hotel's small, impregnable conference rooms, public hearings over the pipeline are taking place—only the public is not allowed inside: the proceedings are being livestreamed to a hotel two kilometers away. On unceded Coast Salish territory, the legitimacy of pipeline hearings is also contested because the continued existence of Indigenous legal orders represents a challenge to the pipelines in question. Technological mediation makes it possible to satisfy one requirement of legitimacy: democratically granted representative power. The challenge to the legal system highlighted by the continued existence of the Indigenous, though, is managed through audile techniques deployed as anthropotechnologies. The implications for a politics of sound must be considered in light of sound's mediation, which is never politically neutral.</p>","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 2","pages":"248-259"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140081669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}