American Anthropologist最新文献

{"title":"Contemporary art, Amerindian rock art heritage, and decolonization in the Guadeloupean archipelago","authors":"Leila Baracchini, Julien Monney","doi":"10.1111/aman.13952","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aman.13952","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 2","pages":"317-320"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139959987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The legal limits of decolonizing heritage: Emancipation, the nation-state, and racial capitalism in Brazil","authors":"Lucas Lixinski","doi":"10.1111/aman.13956","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aman.13956","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cultural heritage law and processes, it is widely known, authorize certain forms of identity that are more often than not aligned with a national project (Lowenthal, <span>1998</span>). What happens, however, when the national project turns away from being one of harmony and continuity with the past (as is still the case in many countries, most notably China, as Bideau and Bugnon show in this collection), and becomes about a break with—or at least renegotiation of—the past? What happens when, in the same breath, heritage becomes part of a project that is not just about recognition but also contains within it at least some elements of redistribution? Can we stretch the limits of the authorizing forces around heritage (Smith, <span>2006</span>) so that they operate in a register that can deliver on decolonial possibilities and promises? A recent example in Brazil speaks to these questions and suggests that there is potential, albeit limited, for decoloniality through heritage.</p><p>In 2018, the Brazilian Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of legislation that grants land rights to Afro-descendants in Brazil. These populations, known as <i>quilombolas</i>, who live in <i>quilombos</i>, are entitled to their lands partly as a measure of reparation against their historical and ongoing oppression, rooted in slavery. Their land rights are grounded in legal mechanisms that protect cultural heritage in the Brazilian Constitution. I use this context to explore the uneasy relationships between heritage, the law, and racial capitalism. I argue that the authorizing register of legal discourse is, by and large, unable to live up to the aspirations of heritage as a decolonial tool, but it can still be somewhat promising strategically for historically oppressed groups.</p><p>Brazil was the last country to abolish the enslavement of African people in the Americas. When it finally did, in 1888, it chose not to compensate former slave owners for the loss of their “property” (as was somewhat common at the time in other countries), nor to compensate formerly enslaved people for what we today would call the expropriation of their labor and bodies (Robinson, <span>2021</span>). To avoid the former, the Brazilian government burned all the archives recording titles over enslaved persons. This action had significant impacts on the latter, and heritage processes and forms have since sought to correct that gap.</p><p>Specifically, 100 years after the abolition of slavery, in 1988, the Brazilian state adopted a new Constitution to mark the end of over two decades of military dictatorship. This constitution was the first to recognize multiculturalism and even acknowledge the existence of Afro-descendants in the country as a separate segment of the population with specific rights claims. Up until then, Brazil had been stuck in the myth of racial democracy, which suggests that it is a harmonious society where no racism exists, because all the distinctive ethnic group","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 2","pages":"333-336"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aman.13956","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139960116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heritage as new social engineering in China: (De)colonial avenues","authors":"Florence Graezer Bideau, Pascale Bugnon","doi":"10.1111/aman.13950","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aman.13950","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 2","pages":"344-348"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139960371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bulk osteochondral allograft for massive Hill-Sachs defect combined with Latarjet procedure for bipolar bone loss in anterior instability.","authors":"Raymond Y L Liow, John Adam, Philip Holland, Amjad Bhatti","doi":"10.1177/17585732221146177","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17585732221146177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A proportion of patients with anterior glenohumeral instability present with bipolar bone loss comprising large Hill-Sachs lesions and substantial glenoid defect. These are surgically difficult cases to treat. We describe a novel surgical procedure of bulk size-matched osteochondral allograft reconstruction for massive Hill-Sachs lesions combined with the Latarjet procedure for these challenging cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"1 1","pages":"106-113"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10902417/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89476557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Living ruins: Native engagements with past materialities in contemporary Mesoamerica, Amazonia, and the Andes Edited by Philippe Erikson and Valentina Vapnarsky. Louisville: University of Colorado Press, 2022. 269 pp.","authors":"Gillian E. Newell","doi":"10.1111/aman.13948","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aman.13948","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 2","pages":"376-377"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139592325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The sustainability myth: Environmental gentrification and the politics of justice By Melissa Checker. New York: NYU Press, 2020. 280 pp.","authors":"Krista M. Harper","doi":"10.1111/aman.13947","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aman.13947","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 2","pages":"374-375"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139604314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On special sections","authors":"Elizabeth Chin","doi":"10.1111/aman.13946","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aman.13946","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 1","pages":"5-6"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139390845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Utility of Pro-inflammatory Oligomeric Glycoprotein Tenascin-C in the Diagnosis of Seropositive and Seronegative Rheumatoid Arthritis.","authors":"Sachin Dominic, K S S Sai Baba, N N Sreedevi, Arshi Sanober, Liza Rajasekhar, Siraj Ahmed Khan, Noorjahan Mohammed, M Vijaya Bhaskar, Iyyapu Krishna Mohan","doi":"10.1007/s12291-022-01086-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12291-022-01086-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Owing to limited usefulness of Rheumatoid Factor and anti-CCP in rheumatoid arthritis, there is a need to identify a more sensitive and specific biomarker to detect rheumatoid arthritis (RA), particularly seronegative RA cases. Tenascin-C is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein, which has been implicated in the pathophysiology of RA. The objective of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic utility of serum Tenascin-C in seropositive and seronegative rheumatoid arthritis patients. We conducted a cross-sectional case control study. Sixty patients who fulfilled the ACR 2010 criteria for rheumatoid arthritis were included in the study. Thirty patients were found to be positive for RF and/or anti-CCP and 30 were negative for both RF and anti-CCP. Thirty age and gender-matched healthy subjects were taken as controls. Serum Tenascin-C was measured by quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique. The mean serum concentration of Tenascin-C in controls, seronegative and seropositive cases was 0.66 ng/ml, 20.54 ng/ml and 23.42 ng/ml, respectively. Tenascin-C levels were significantly higher in RA cases compared to controls (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in Tenascin-C between seropositive and seronegative cases (<i>p</i> = 0.603). ROC curve analysis showed a sensitivity of 96.6% and specificity of 100% with AUC of 0.98 at 2.21 ng/ml as cut-off value for diagnosing RA. Tenascin-C is elevated in both seronegative and seropositive RA, which indicates that it can be used as a sensitive marker for RA. The addition of Tenascin-C to the existing RF and anti-CCP may help in identifying a large number of patients with RA, particularly seronegative rheumatoid arthritis cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"39 1","pages":"110-117"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10784432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89020371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Our blood is becoming white”: Race, religion, and Siddi becoming in Hyderabad, India","authors":"Gayatri Reddy","doi":"10.1111/aman.13945","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aman.13945","url":null,"abstract":"<p>“Our blood is becoming white.” This was a constant lament I heard from <i>siddis</i> in contemporary Hyderabad, India—third- and fourth-generation descendants of East African slaves and soldiers recruited by the local ruler or Nizam in the 1860s to form the African Cavalry Guard in his army. The article explores this <i>siddi</i> lament and the multivalent symbols—of color, blood, affect, belonging—latent in it. It draws on fieldwork conducted over the course of the last decade among <i>siddis</i> in Hyderabad, ambivalently situated as Indian citizens who are racialized as “Black” in an Indian and global order that denigrates Blackness and marked by their religious identification as Muslim in a virulently Hindu nation. The article unpacks these contexts, exploring the forces of empire and region and constructions of race, gender, and religion that have prodded and inflected <i>siddi</i> processes of becoming. In so doing, it unearths the ways in which Blackness, Muslimness, and masculinity are constituted as (intersecting) social and political categories, caught in the dialectics of alienation and intimacy, belonging and otherness, with enduring effects on the lives and cosmologies of <i>siddis</i> in Hyderabad and on the contemporary politics of race, gender, and religion in India.</p>","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 2","pages":"194-203"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aman.13945","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139162901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weathered remains: Bioarchaeology, identity, and the landscape","authors":"Meredith A. B. Ellis","doi":"10.1111/aman.13944","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aman.13944","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article explores the making of identity for two sets of human skeletal remains, labeled 1928 Hurricane Victims 1 and 2 Belle Glade. The remains are so poorly preserved that traditional bioarchaeological analysis to explore their perimortem identity is not possible. However, an exploration of their postmortem identity allows us to examine the relationship between landscape, soil, memory, and bodies in bioarchaeology. This article challenges us to consider how bioarchaeology “makes” identity. It does so against the backdrop of one of the worst natural history disasters in United States history, the 1928 Lake Okeechobee Hurricane in Belle Glade, Florida. The loss of some 2,000 to 3,000 individuals in one night, primarily Black migrant farm laborers, is little remembered in national history, but it profoundly shaped the region, and contributes to an ongoing creation of a category of skeletal remains found in the area even today and labeled hurricane victims.</p>","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 1","pages":"47-58"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138595698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}