American Anthropologist最新文献

{"title":"Archaeology in 2022: Counter-myths for hopeful futures","authors":"Black Trowel Collective,&nbsp;Marian Berihuete-Azorín,&nbsp;Chelsea Blackmore,&nbsp;Lewis Borck,&nbsp;James L. Flexner,&nbsp;Catherine J. Frieman,&nbsp;Corey A. Herrmann,&nbsp;Rachael Kiddey","doi":"10.1111/aman.13940","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aman.13940","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Archaeology in 2022 features more calls than ever for a socially and politically engaged, progressive discipline. Archaeologists increasingly respect and integrate decolonizing and Indigenous knowledge in theory and practice. They acknowledge and embrace the fluidity and diversity of sexes and genders, past and present. They document patterns of migration, ancient as well as contemporary, to combat retrograde and racist narratives that remain pervasive in the public sphere. At the same time, the field has a deep-seated conservative bastion toward which many scholars retreat, arguing for an “objective” past that is free of political implications or interpretive ambiguity. As anarchist archaeologists, we see the myth of the objective past as one of many interconnected myths that have provided the basis for an archaeology that reifies and proliferates the current social order. We deconstruct myths relating to capitalist and colonialist ideologies of “human nature,” the assumed inevitability of the current order, and fatalistic commitment to dystopian or utopian futures. As alternatives, we present counter-myths that emphasize the contingent and political nature of archaeological praxis, the creative and collaborative foundation of communities, the alternative orders that archaeology uncovers, and the role of a hopeful past for constructing the possibilities of different futures.</p>","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 1","pages":"135-148"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aman.13940","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135092624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood for bread: Necro-labor, nonsovereign bodies, and the state of exception in Rojhelat","authors":"Ahmad Mohammadpour","doi":"10.1111/aman.13941","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aman.13941","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As members of a stateless nation that is geopolitically divided across Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey, Kurds are known mainly in the West as excellent fighters and political revolutionaries. Amid the devastation of war and political unrest, most Kurds struggle for economic survival. This is especially true for Eastern Kurds living under Iranian rule. They have seen their lands confiscated, their resources plundered, and their access to capital and educational mobility severely restricted. Moreover, under the rule of the Iranian Persian-Shi'i necropolitics, Kurds have been culturally and economically subjected to a regime of internal colonialism that has eroded their capacity for economic survival. Building on the literature on sovereignty and violence, this article investigates the nexus between precarity, spatiality, and necropolitics as embodied in the practice of Kurdish cross-border labor, or kolberi. I argue that the Iranian state deploys the discourse of a securitized borderland as a weapon to inflict a permanent state of exception on Rojhelat, condemning Kurds to the status of living dead through the imposition of precarious necro-labor practice. Furthermore, this study articulates the border as an archive where registers of state necropolitics are deposited, preserved, and revealed in the lives of kolbers.</p>","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 1","pages":"120-134"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136157966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bitter Shade: The Ecological Challenge of Human Consciousness By Michael R. Dove. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2021. 291 pp.","authors":"Michael J. Sheridan","doi":"10.1111/aman.13942","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aman.13942","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 2","pages":"380-381"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136232901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supporting the use of genetic genealogy in restoring family narratives following the transatlantic slave trade","authors":"LaKisha T. David","doi":"10.1111/aman.13939","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aman.13939","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The inferred genetic family tree can be used as a reparative tool to contribute to a more cohesive family narrative after the mass trauma of the transatlantic slave trade (TST). There are weighty social implications to finding such relatedness. Genetic genealogy reconstruction and social interactions with newly discovered relatives may influence identities such as roles (e.g., distant cousin), family (e.g., extended family membership), community, ethnic, and national (e.g., citizenship) identities. They may also influence identity characteristics such as identity status, family narrative, significance, continuity, belonging, and behaviors. Genetic genealogy reconstruction is a viable area of anthropological pursuit that also serves as a form of reparations for people of African descent some six generations after the last recorded slave voyage from Africa to North America.&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As with other types of archives, human genomes can be used to help people discern information about their family history. One of the primary reasons that African Americans engage in genetic genealogy is to discover the ethnicities of their African ancestors (Dula et al., &lt;span&gt;2003&lt;/span&gt;; Nelson, &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;; Winston and Kittles, &lt;span&gt;2005&lt;/span&gt;). At the “African Genetics and Genealogies: Looking Backward to Look Forward” symposium sponsored by the Center for Bioethics at the University of Minnesota in 2002, Annette Dula stated that “tracing genealogies is important philosophically, ethically, and politically… . It is an attempt to reclaim history, to regain culture, and to gain knowledge and a sense of place that has been denied us” (Dula et al., &lt;span&gt;2003&lt;/span&gt;, 134). While Dula objects to using genetics to reclaim identity, they acknowledge that genetic genealogy testing can provide information about family history (Dula et al., &lt;span&gt;2003&lt;/span&gt;) that could not be obtained any other way. In the same symposium, geneticist Charmaine Royal suggested that because of the psychological weight that some African Americans attribute to genetic genealogy, “we must give this information as much care as we do any other genetic counselling” (Dula et al., &lt;span&gt;2003&lt;/span&gt;, 137). Royal asserts that it is imperative to understand the motivations and expectations of genetic genealogy testing (Dula et al., &lt;span&gt;2003&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Before the historic diaspora began finding African relatives through autosomal genetic genealogy, the expectation of results regarding African ancestors centered on ancestral ethnicities and homelands. Lineage genetic testing is used to pursue ancestry (Nelson, &lt;span&gt;2008, 2016&lt;/span&gt;; Nelson and Robinson, &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;; Winston and Kittles, &lt;span&gt;2005&lt;/span&gt;), genealogical research (Abel, &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;), reunions and kinship (Fehler, &lt;span&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;; Nelson, &lt;span&gt;2008, 2016&lt;/span&gt;), ties with ancestral homelands (Fehler, &lt;span&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;; Nelson, &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;; Schramm, &lt;span&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;), recasting history, and cit","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 1","pages":"153-157"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aman.13939","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134973777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaving traces: Fairy houses, kindness stones, and constructed heritage","authors":"Michelle I. Turner,&nbsp;Derek D. Turner","doi":"10.1111/aman.13937","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aman.13937","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The National Park Service and many other federal, state, and local land managers in the US enjoin visitors to “leave no trace” when visiting parks and wilderness areas. At the same time, practices that involve leaving traces—painted rocks, rock cairns, and fairy houses—have become well established on some public lands. Public discussions reveal deep divides in how people view these traces in a time of increased pressures on public lands. This article develops an anthropological analysis of the practice of leaving traces at Mesa Verde National Park, in Colorado, and Machimoodus State Park, in Connecticut. Taking an approach that aligns with recent work on archaeologies of the contemporary, we interrogate the meaning of these material traces and consider how these practices of constructing cultural heritage in spaces perceived as “natural” provide a quasi-archaeological experience and reenact colonialist processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 1","pages":"96-108"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134973500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Welcoming the foreigner: Notes on the possibility of multispecies hospitality","authors":"Muhammad A. Kavesh","doi":"10.1111/aman.13938","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aman.13938","url":null,"abstract":"<p>What do the welcome and the refusal mean when the one who arrives is not human? By examining the moral attitude created through the acceptance of European racing pigeons in Pakistan and the capture of Pakistani “spy pigeons” at the India-Pakistan border, this article unknots multiple meanings of <i>arrival</i> and explores how shared values of hospitality and hostility emerge and interplay when a more-than-human Other arrives in a foreign land as an invited guest or an uninvited intruder. Drawing on Jacques Derrida's (2000) construction of <i>hostpitality</i> and Punjabi Sufi poet-philosopher Waris Shah's discussion of <i>badal</i> (reciprocity), this article contends that in South Asia, reciprocal exchanges produce and sustain cooperative, competitive, or antagonistic bonds and propound an analytical avenue to critically rethink deconstruction of the home as a sovereign space.</p>","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 1","pages":"109-119"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aman.13938","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135218424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legacies of War: Violence, Ecologies, and Kin By Kimberly Theidon. Durham: Duke University Press, 2022. 128 pp.","authors":"Vanesa Giraldo-Gartner","doi":"10.1111/aman.13931","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aman.13931","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 1","pages":"170-171"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136112244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Publics, anthropologies, and public anthropologies","authors":"Linda M. Callejas,&nbsp;Jena Barchas-Lichtenstein,&nbsp;Aaron Su,&nbsp;Elena Peeples","doi":"10.1111/aman.13936","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aman.13936","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 1","pages":"149-152"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136014111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Feast of Flowers: Race, Labor, and Postcolonial Capitalism in Ecuador By Christopher Krupa. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2022. 318 pp.","authors":"O. Hugo Benavides","doi":"10.1111/aman.13935","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aman.13935","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 1","pages":"164-165"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135251936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gendered Fortunes: Divination, Precarity, and Affect in Postsecular Turkey By Zeynep K. Korkman. Durham: Duke University Press, 2023. 288 pp.","authors":"Deniz Duruiz","doi":"10.1111/aman.13934","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aman.13934","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7697,"journal":{"name":"American Anthropologist","volume":"126 1","pages":"162-163"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135346548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}