Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Zweite naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung: Mikrobiologie der Landwirtschaft der Technologie und des Umweltschutzes最新文献

{"title":"Isolation and characterization of Bacillus pumilus phages from brazilian soil","authors":"J.D. van Elsas ,&nbsp;Elisa G.C. Penido","doi":"10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80073-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80073-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Different phage isolation methods were tested and phage incidence and development in soil were determined. Sixteen <em>Bacillus pumilus</em> phage isolates were characterized and placed in nine groups by using plaque morphology, electron microscopy, antigenic properties and heat stability. Resu ts are compared to data on <em>Bacillus</em> phages described in the literature.</p></div><div><p>Es wurden verschiedene Methoden zur Isolierung von Phagen getestet, um Auftreten und Entwicklung im Boden zu untersuchen. Sechzehn Isolate von <em>Bacillus pumilus</em>-Phagen wurden charakterisiert und an Hand der Pia que-Morphologie, Elektronenmikroskopie, antigenen Eigenschaften und Hitzebeständigkeit in neun Gruppen unterteilt.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":76869,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Zweite naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung: Mikrobiologie der Landwirtschaft der Technologie und des Umweltschutzes","volume":"136 7","pages":"Pages 581-589"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80073-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123182782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathogenity of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi at Various Temperatures as Related to Biochemical Processes in Peas","authors":"Jiřina Krátká ,&nbsp;Eva Kováčiková","doi":"10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80057-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80057-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pathogenity of the isolates of <em>F. oxysporum</em> f. sp. <em>pisi</em> was studied at various temperatures relating the biochemical process in plants and the relationships between individual <em>Fusarium</em> spp. isolated from peas.</p><p>Experimental results on the pathogenity of some isolates of <em>F. oxysporum</em> f. sp. <em>pisi</em> in the pea plants cv. Meteor proved that specific differences existed. Differences were conditioned by various degree of virulence established within the species. The variability depended on the temperature of incubation. It may be considered that the individual temperatures affect differently the pectinase and cellulase production in roots and in overground parts of plants inoculated with isolates of <em>F. oxysporum</em> f. sp. <em>pisi</em> with different pathogenity. In most cases, the intensity of the enzyme production correlated with the degree of infection as well as disease expression in tested plants.</p></div><div><p>Es wurden Pathogenität der Isolate von <em>F. oxysporum</em> f. sp. <em>pisi</em> und biochemische Reaktionen in inokulierten Erbsenpflanzen bei verschiedenen Temperaturen untersucht. Es wurde festgestellt, daß verschiedene Temperaturen unterschiedliche Veränderungen in der Pathogenität und der Bildung von Pektinasen und Cellulasen verursachten. Die Aktivität der Enzyme korrelierte direkt mit dem Befallsgrad und dem Verlauf der Krankheit in den Pflanzen.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":76869,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Zweite naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung: Mikrobiologie der Landwirtschaft der Technologie und des Umweltschutzes","volume":"136 8","pages":"Pages 648-655"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80057-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116510437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhaltsverzeichnis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80061-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80061-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76869,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Zweite naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung: Mikrobiologie der Landwirtschaft der Technologie und des Umweltschutzes","volume":"136 8","pages":"Pages III-VIII"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80061-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134836437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation of an Amylase-producing Streptomycete from Soil and Its Characterization","authors":"Sima Sinha ,&nbsp;A.L. Chandra","doi":"10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80020-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80020-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An actinomycete which produced appreciable quantities of amylase in addition to a tetraene antifungal antibiotic was isolated. Morphological, cultural, and physiological characteristics of the actinomycete indicated that it was a new strain of <em>Streptomyces rimosus</em> and was designated as <em>Streptomyces rimosus</em> Ac₂435. Optimum conditions of amylase production were established in cultures at 30 °C in 4 days in a medium, containing 0.2% ammonium acetate as a nitrogen source and 1.5% starch as a carbon source.</p></div><div><p>Es wurde ein Actinomyzet isoliert, der sowohl ein Fungizid als auch wesentliche Mengen an Amylase bildete. Die morphologische, Kultivierungs- und physiologische Charakteristik des Actinomyzeten, der als <em>Streptomyces rimosus</em> erkannt und <em>Streptomyces rimosus</em> Ac₂435 genannt wurde, wurden ermittelt. Optimale Bedingungen für die Amylaseproduktion waren gegeben be-30 °C und 4tägiger Inkubation in Anwesenheit von 0,2% NH4-Azetat und 1,5% Stärke im Kultii vierungsmedium.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":76869,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Zweite naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung: Mikrobiologie der Landwirtschaft der Technologie und des Umweltschutzes","volume":"136 3","pages":"Pages 209-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80020-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123909415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of solar eclipse on the growth and nodulation by Rhizobium and nitrogen fixation by Azotobacter","authors":"V. Iswaran ,&nbsp;T.S. Marwaha","doi":"10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80041-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80041-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It was noted that, when pure cultures of <em>Rhizobium</em> and <em>Azotobacter</em> were exposed to the solar eclipse, there was sudden destruction of cells up to 30 per cent over the unexposed control. Nodulation and nitrogen fixation was also considerably affected.</p></div><div><p>Wenn Reinkulturen von <em>Rhizobium</em> und I einer Sonnenfinsternis (New Delhi, 16. 2. 1980) ausgesetzt wurden, erlitten sie eine plötzliche Zerstörung ihrer Zellen bis zu 30%. Knöllchenbildung und Stickstoffixierung waren ebenfalls beträchtlich herabgesetzt.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":76869,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Zweite naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung: Mikrobiologie der Landwirtschaft der Technologie und des Umweltschutzes","volume":"136 2","pages":"Pages 181-182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80041-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124072668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Der Wuchsstoffbedarf von coryneformen Bakterien und Mikrokokken im Assimilationstest","authors":"H. Seiler","doi":"10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80098-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80098-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The nutritional requirements of coryneform bacteria and micrococci were investigated in the assimilation test. About 50% of 279 strains from culture collections had insufficient growth intensity on a vitamin mineral basal (VMB) agar supplemented with glucose and acetate as carbon source. It was shown that this was caused not by a deficiency of complex growth factors but almost exclusively by a demand for essential amino acids. In some cases DNA-bases were beneficial for growth. VMB-agar ought to be supplemented with 1 % of the following solution: Casaminoacids 1,5 g, L-cystine 10 mg, L-tryptophan 10 mg, adenine 10 mg, guanine 10 mg, uracil 10 mg, xanthine 10 mg, distilled water 100 ml. For some fastidious bacteria 2.5 g prefermented yeast extract should be added to the solution. Using this method the growth of almost all strains was improved considerably on dishes contained carbon source together with negligible background growth on control dishes, so that the iinal evaluation could be done already after one week. There are no clear correlations between taxonomy and nutritional requirements. However, dependence on growth factors concentrates upon the isolates from habitats rich in amino acids, like plants, animal tissues or milk.</p></div><div><p>Der Wuchsstoffbedarf von coryneformen Bakterien und Mikrokokken im Assimilationstest wurde untersucht. Bei ca. 50% von 279 Sammlungsstämmen war auf einem Vitamin-Mineral-Basal-Agar mit Gl ucose und Acetat als Kohlenstoffquelle die Wachstumsintensität unzureichend. Es ließ sich zeigen, daß dies nicht auf den Mangel komplexer Wuchsstoffe, sondern fast ausschließlich auf das Fehlen essentieller Aminosäuren zurýckzufýhren ist. In manchen Fällen wirken DNS-Basen wachstumsfördernd. Dem Vitamin-Mineral-Basal-Agar sollten 1 % der folgenden Lösung zugesetzt werden: Casaminoacids 1,5 g, L-Cystin 10 mg, L-Tryptophan 10 mg, Adenin 10 mg, Guanin 10 mg, Uracil 10 mg, Xanthin 10 mg, A dest. 100 ml. Bei einigen anspruchsvollen Bakterien ist die Lösung durch 2,5 g vorvergorenem Hefeextrakt zu ergänzen. Damit ließ sich bei fast allen Stämmen das Wachstum ohne wesentliche Beeinträchtigung der Nullkontrollen erheblich verbessern, so daß bereits nach einer Woche Bebrýtung die Endablesung erfolgen konnte. Es gibt keine klaren taxonomischen Beziehungen hinsichtlich des Wuchsstoffbedarfs. Allerdings liegt der Schwerpunkt bei den Isolaten aus den eiweißreichen Biotopen Pflanze, Tier, Mensch oder Milch.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":76869,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Zweite naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung: Mikrobiologie der Landwirtschaft der Technologie und des Umweltschutzes","volume":"136 6","pages":"Pages 509-518"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80098-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91975959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation of Aflatoxins by Some Egyptian Aspergillus flavus Strains","authors":"Souhair S. Mabrouk ,&nbsp;Nefisa M.A. El-Shayeb","doi":"10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80027-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80027-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In all the fifteen investigated <em>Aspergillus flavus</em> and <em>A. parasiticus</em> strains the maximum quantities of aflatoxins, produced on rice powder-corn steep (RC) medium, ranged from 1.17 to 23.29 times as much as those produced on yeast extract-sucrose (YES) medium. The shake cultures lowered aflatoxin formation. The maximum yields of aflatoxins did not coincide with maximum fungal growth. In most <em>A. flavus</em> strains investigated, the total aflatoxin content of the mycelia highly exceeded that of the culture filtrates.</p></div><div><p>14 <em>Aspergillus flavus</em>-Stämme sowie ein <em>A. parasiticus</em>-Stamm wurden auf ihre Aflatoxinbildung geprüft. Sie war je nach Stamm sehr unterschiedlich und auf dem Reispulver-Malzextrakt-Medium 1,2- bis 23,3mal höher als auf Hefeextrakt-Saccharose-Medium. In Schüttelkulturen wurde weniger Aflatoxin gebildet als in stationären Kulturen. Höchste Aflatoxinbildung korrelierte nicht mit intensivstem Wachstum. Bei den meisten Pilzen wurde im Myzel mehr Aflatoxin als im Kulturfiltrat gefunden.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":76869,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Zweite naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung: Mikrobiologie der Landwirtschaft der Technologie und des Umweltschutzes","volume":"136 3","pages":"Pages 254-262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80027-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17844445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies on humic acids decomposing streptomycetes","authors":"M. Monib ,&nbsp;I. Hosny ,&nbsp;L. Zohdy ,&nbsp;M. Khalafallah","doi":"10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80002-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80002-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study comprises the enumeration and identification of humic acids decomposing actinomycetes in soils of Egypt. Counts of total actinomycetes (0.5 – 4.0 × 10⁶/g) were not correlated with either soil texture of the organic matter content and the C/N ratio of the soil. Humic acids decomposers represented 2.0 – 25.5% of total actinomycetes counts. Lower densities (17 to 25 × 10³/g) were encountered in sand, but clay soils harboured somewhat higher population (18–27 × 10⁴/g).</p><p>A total of 201 representative isolates of humic acids decomposers were obtained from different soils. All of these isolates were found to belong to the genus <em>Streptomyces</em>, and most of them are characterized by grey mycelium. Twenty-eight different species of true humic acids decomposing <em>Streptomyces</em> were recognized.</p></div><div><p>Huminsäure-zersetzende Aktinomyzeten ägyptischer Böden wurden zahlenmäßig erfaßt und identifiziert. Die Gesamtzahl der Aktinomyzeten (0,5 – 4,0 × 10⁶/g) stand weder mit der Bodentextur noch mit dem Gehalt an organischer Substanz und dem C: N-Verhältnis des Bodens in Beziehung. 2,0 – 25,5% der Aktinomyzeten waren Huminsäurezersetzer. Niedrigere Dichten wurden in Sand ermittelt (17–25 × 10³/g), höhere in Lehmböden (18–27 × 10⁴/g).</p><p>Insgesamt wurden 201 repräsentative Isolate von Huminsäurezersetzern aus den verschiedenen Böden gewonnen. Sie gehören sämtlich der Gattung <em>Streptomyces</em> an. Für die meisten ist graues Myzel charakteristisch. Es wurden 28 verschiedene Spezies an echten Huminsäure-zersetzenden Streptomyzeten festgestellt.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":76869,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Zweite naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung: Mikrobiologie der Landwirtschaft der Technologie und des Umweltschutzes","volume":"136 1","pages":"Pages 10-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80002-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134367124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth and Stability of PCNB Resistant Isolate of Rhizoctonia solani","authors":"T.B. Anilkumar ,&nbsp;K.T. Pandubange Gowda","doi":"10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80096-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80096-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The ability of <em>Rhizoctonia solani</em> to develop resistance to PCNB was studied in laboratory. The fungus in a course of six generations was able to develop resistance to 4000 μg/ml and it was stable even after the resistant isolate was passed through fungicide free medium for three generations. The resistant isolate had comparatively reduced growth rate on several carbon and nitrogen sources both in presence and absence of the fungicide.</p></div><div><p>Durch sukzessive Steigerung des Zusatzes von Pentachlornitrobenzol (PCNB) wurde <em>Rhizoctonia solani</em> in der 6. Generation resistent gegenüber 4000 μg/ml. Diese Resistenz war auch nach drei Passagen durch ein PCNB-freies Medium noch vorhanden. Das resistente Isolat zeigte eine vergleichsweise verminderte Wachstumsrate bei Verabreichung verschiedener C- und N-Quellen, sowohl bei An- als auch bei Abwesenheit des Fungizids.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":76869,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Zweite naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung: Mikrobiologie der Landwirtschaft der Technologie und des Umweltschutzes","volume":"136 6","pages":"Pages 502-504"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80096-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92069928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Metal-Chelates on Submerged Citric Acid Fermgentation","authors":"D.N. Lal ,&nbsp;A.S. Srivastava","doi":"10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80021-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80021-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effect of metal-chelates of manganese, vanadium, thorium, and iron with EDTA on the growth and activity of <em>Aspergillus niger</em> strain AL29 was studied. It was observed that Mn-EDTA decreased the growth and activity of the strain, whereas Th-EDTA and V-EDTA had stimulating effect on the growth and activity of the strain. Fe-EDTA was found to be most suitable for citric acid production, and in its presence the yield of citric acid amounted to an extent of 65.74%, the highest value obtained so far among all the metal-chelates taken for the study.</p></div><div><p>Mangan-, Vanadium-, Thorium- und Eisenchelate mit EDTA wurden hinsichtlich ihres Einflusses auf Wachstum und Aktivität von <em>Aspergillus niger</em> AL29 untersucht. Mn-EDTA verminderte Wachstum und Aktivität, während Th-EDTA und V-EDTA stimulierend wirkten. Fe-EDTA erwies sich als auβerordentlich geeignet; in seiner Gegenwart stieg die Zitronensäureausbeute auf 65,74%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":76869,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Zweite naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung: Mikrobiologie der Landwirtschaft der Technologie und des Umweltschutzes","volume":"136 3","pages":"Pages 215-218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80021-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131659346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}