Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Zweite naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung: Mikrobiologie der Landwirtschaft der Technologie und des Umweltschutzes最新文献

{"title":"Microbial Fixation of Nitrogen in Presence of Cobaltous Chloride","authors":"K. Bahadur ,&nbsp;S. Ranganayaki ,&nbsp;Chandra Mohan","doi":"10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80042-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80042-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effect of cobaltous chloride in the culture media of five nitrogen fixing bacterial samples, isolated from Allahabad soil, was studied. All the nitrogen fixers studied here show an increase in the nitrogen fixation at a particular concentration of cobaltous chloride in the culture medium and it also slightly increases the rate of respiration as indicated by the consumption of carbon by the microorganisms. Cobaltous chloride proves itself to be an activator for nitrogen fixation by the nitrogen fixers under the conditions studied.</p></div><div><p>Es wurde der Einfluß von Kobaltchlorid im Kulturmedium von fünf stickstoffbindenden Bakterienarten, isoliert aus einem Allahabad-Boden, untersucht. Eine Erhöhung der N-Bindung trat ein, wenn eine bestimmte Konzentration an Kobaltchlorid vorhanden war. Auch die Atmung war etwas erhöht, was durch den Kohlenstoffverbrauch der Mikroorganismen angezeigt wurde. Kobalt erwies sich unter diesen Bedingungen als Aktivator der N-Bindung.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":76869,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Zweite naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung: Mikrobiologie der Landwirtschaft der Technologie und des Umweltschutzes","volume":"136 5","pages":"Pages 355-358"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80042-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128324340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Composition of the phylloplane bacterial flora of some agricultural plants in Egypt","authors":"A.M. Abdel-Wahab","doi":"10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80013-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80013-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Populations of heterotrophic bacteria inhabiting the phylloplane of six agricultural plants were estimated, using a dilution technique. Bacterial populations irregularly fluctuated, but counts in the winter growing season were generally low, compared with counts obtained in summer. Maximum counts were obtained in April and August at the beginning of either ageing of grasses or flowering of the other plant species. More than 450 isolates were examined and most found to be aerobic spore-formers and chromogenic cocci. Members of Bacillaceae and Micro-coccaceae occasionally amounted to &gt; 60% and &gt; 30%, respectively, of the total bacterial counts. Gram-positive and Gram-negative rods were less frequent and substantially fewer actinomycetes were isolated from the phylloplane. The bacterial population consisted of relatively few taxa and the variations in their incidence were due to changes in their relative abundance. Strains of <em>Bacillus cereus, B. licheniformis, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus flavus</em>, and <em>Pseudomonas</em> spp. were consistently isolated from phylloplane.</p><p>The species composition and the relative numbers of phylloplane bacterial flora are compared with descriptions of the microflora, isolated from leaves of other plants.</p></div><div><p>Mit Hilfe des Verdünnungsverfahrens wurde die heterotrophe Bakterienpopulation auf der Blattfläche von sechs landwirtschaftlichen Kulturpflanzen geprüft. Die bakteriellen Populationen unterlagen Schwankungen, doch waren die Keimzahlen (KZ) während des Wachstums im Winter im allgemeinen niedrig, verglichen mit denen des Sommers. Die höchsten KZ wurden im April und August beim Reifen der Gramineen und bei der Blüte der anderen Kulturpflanzen erreicht. Mehr als 450 Isolate wurden geprüft, die meisten davon waren aerobe Sporenbildner und chromogene Kokken. Mitunter konnten &gt; 60% der Gesamtzahl den Bacillaceae bzw. &gt; 30% den Micrococcaceae zugeordnet werden. Gram-positive und Gram-negative Stäbchen waren weniger häufig, im wesentlichen auch Aktinomyceten. Die Bakterienpopulation setzte sich aus relativ wenigen Arten zusammen. Stämme von <em>Bacillus cereus, B. licheniformis, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus flavus</em> und <em>Pseudomonas</em> spp. wurden stets von der Blattfläche isoliert.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":76869,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Zweite naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung: Mikrobiologie der Landwirtschaft der Technologie und des Umweltschutzes","volume":"136 1","pages":"Pages 74-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80013-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91717304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of level of relative humidity on fungi and germinability of Egyptian peanut seeds","authors":"F.T. El-Hissy ,&nbsp;S.I. Abdel-Hafez ,&nbsp;S.K.M. Hassan","doi":"10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80008-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80008-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The changes in the composition of peanut seed-borne fungal flora at various levels of relative humidity (40–100%) were investigated.</p><p>The total count of fungi significantly increased at all levels of relative humidity and the climax was recorded during the last period at 100 %. <em>Aspergillus</em> was the main component of fungal flora, arising in stored seeds. <em>A. fumigatus</em> was the dominant fungal species at 40–80%, but was surpassed by <em>A. flavus</em> at 100 % r.h., <em>A. terreus</em> and <em>A. ochraceus</em> were also good colonizers of peanut seed. <em>A. sydowii</em>, which possessed the highest initial population, could not compete with other fungi and was almost completely lost at all levels of relative humidity.</p><p><em>Penicillium</em>, represented mainly by <em>P. funiculosum</em>, could only markedly increase its population at 100% r.h.; <em>Rhizopus stolonifer</em> was also an active invader of peanut seeds at 100 % r.h.</p><p>When the isolation plates were incubated at 45°C, the results were basically similar. <em>Aspergillus fumigatus</em> was the most dominant fungal species, except at 100% r.h. where it was exceeded by <em>A. flavus. Humicola grisea</em> var. <em>thermoidae, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, Mucor pusillus, Sporo-trichum thermophile, Thermoascus aurantiacus</em>, and <em>Thielavia sepedonium</em> were isolated only when the plates were incubated at 45°C.</p><p>At all levels of relative humidity, the germinability of seeds declined slowly or rapidly with the extension of the storage period and the rate of decline was enhanced with the rise of the relative humidity. Complete loss of germinability was recorded after 30 days at 100% and after 180 days at 80% r.h.</p></div><div><p>Die Untersuchung befaßt sich mit Veränderungen in der Zusammensetzung der auf Erdnußsamen angesiedelten Pilzflora bei unterschiedlicher relativer Luftfeuchtigkeit (40–100%, 28°C).</p><p>Die Gesamtzahl der Pilze erhöhte sich bei allen Stufen relativer Luftfeuchtigkeit, der Höchstwert wurde während der 3. Inkubationsperiode (181–240 Tage) bei 100% rel. Luftfeuchte erreicht. Die Aspergillen stellten die Hauptkomponente der Pilzflora dar. <em>A. fumigatus</em> dominierte bei 40 bis 80% rel. Luftfeuchte, wurde jedoch bei einer 100proz. von <em>A. flavus</em> übertroffen. <em>A. terreus</em> und <em>A. ochraceus</em> besiedelten die S amenober fläche gleichfalls gut. <em>A. sydowii</em> hingegen war nur in der Kontrolle zugegen, jedoch in keiner der Feuchtestufen. Die Penicillien sowie <em>Rhizopus stolonifer</em> vermehrten sich vor allem bei 100% rel. Luftfeuchte.</p><p>Bei einer Inkubationstemperatur von 45°C waren die Ergebnisse grundsätzlich ähnlich. Einige Pilze — <em>Humicola grisea</em> var. <em>thermoidae, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, Sporotrichum thermophile, Thermoascus aurantiacus</em> und <em>Thielavia sepedonium</em> konnten nur bei dieser Temperatur nachgewiesen werden.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":76869,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Zweite naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung: Mikrobiologie der Landwirtschaft der Technologie und des Umweltschutzes","volume":"136 1","pages":"Pages 49-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80008-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116508869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enrichment of Compost by Azotobacter and Phosphate Solubiliser","authors":"K.V. Sadasivam ,&nbsp;R.S. Mathur ,&nbsp;S.P. Magu ,&nbsp;A.C. Gaur","doi":"10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80052-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80052-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Inoculating the composts of previously amended with rock phosphate, with cultures of <em>Azotobacter chroococcum</em> and the phosphate dissolving strain <em>Aspergillus awamorii</em> increased the amount of total nitrogen and the humus content over the control.</p></div><div><p>Beimpfung eines Komposts, der zuvor mit Phosphoritmehl angereichert worden war, mit <em>Azotobacter chroococcum</em> und dem phosphatlösenden Pilz <em>Aspergillus awamorii</em> steigerte den Gehalt an Gesamtstickstoff und Huminstoffen.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":76869,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Zweite naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung: Mikrobiologie der Landwirtschaft der Technologie und des Umweltschutzes","volume":"136 8","pages":"Pages 628-630"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80052-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123843541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Inactivation of Bacteria Potentially Present in the Diet of In-vitro Fed Tsetse Flies","authors":"H.J. Hamann ,&nbsp;K.H. Iwannek","doi":"10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80024-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80024-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pig's blood exposed to 100 krad of ⁶⁰Co-gamma radiation has been proved to be suitable for the membrane feeding of tsetse flies. This irradiation is in fact a sterilizing procedure. The bacterial strains and concentrations which are expected to be possibly present in the blood are effectively inactivates.</p></div><div><p>Schweineblut, das mit der Dosis von 100 krad einer ⁶⁰Co-Gammastrahlung behandelt wird, hat sich für die Membranfütterung von Tsetsefliegen als geeignet erwiesen. Die Bestrahlung ist tatsächlich eine gute Sterilisierungsmethode. Die Bakterienstämme und -Konzentrationen, die erwartungsgemäß im Blut vorhanden sein können, werden wirksam inaktiviert.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":76869,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Zweite naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung: Mikrobiologie der Landwirtschaft der Technologie und des Umweltschutzes","volume":"136 3","pages":"Pages 228-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80024-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115828136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biologischer abbau von alkylbenzolsulfonaten in anwesenheit anderer organischer und anorganischer verbindungen","authors":"Raitčo Dimkov ,&nbsp;Rossiza Konstantinova","doi":"10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80038-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80038-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rate of degradation of the alkyl chain of alkylbenzene sulphonates, carried out by pure cultures of <em>Pseudomonas fluorescens</em> and <em>Aspergillus</em> sp. has been examined in the presence of one of ten suitably selected aliphatic or aromatic compounds. It has been established that most of tested compounds decrease in different degree surfactant-degradative ability of the strains. However, <em>β</em>-Ketoadipic acid possesses an activating effect on the process. The authors explain this phenomen by inclusion of possible inductive mechanisms.</p></div><div><p>In Modell-Laborversuchen wurde die Abbaurate der Alkylkette bei den Alkylbenzolsulfonaten in Anwesenheit einiger aliphatischer und aromatischer Verbindungen untersucht. Eingesetzt wurden <em>Pseudomonas fluorescens</em> und <em>Aspergillus</em> sp. Es wurde festgestellt, daß die meisten der untersuchten Verbindungen einen hemmenden Einfluß auf das Abbauvermögen der Teststämme haben. Die <em>ß</em>-Ketoadipinsäure übt dagegen eine aktivierende Wirkung aus, die auf den Einfluß möglicher induktiver Mechanismen zurückgeführt werden kann.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":76869,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Zweite naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung: Mikrobiologie der Landwirtschaft der Technologie und des Umweltschutzes","volume":"136 2","pages":"Pages 161-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80038-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127472404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Process of Nitrogen Immobilization in Soil at Various Temperatures","authors":"B. Novák ,&nbsp;J. Kubát,&nbsp;M. Králová,&nbsp;K. Dražďák","doi":"10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80053-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80053-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Assimilative nitrate reduction in soil was studied under model conditions. Using 15N labelled nitrate, there could be proved that the nitrates were reduced to organic and ammonia forms if sufficient energetic resources were present. The total extent of assimilative nitrate reduction and the distribution of nitrate-originating N between ammonia and organic N-compounds depended on time and temperature and on temperature alterations.</p></div><div><p>Unter Modellbedingungen wurde die assimilatorische Nitratreduktion im Boden untersucht. Unter Verwendung von 15N-markiertem Nitrat konnte nachgewiesen werden, daß bei Anwesenheit einer genügenden Menge an energiereichen Verbindungen Nitrat zu Ammoniak und organischen N-Verbindungen reduziert wird. Das Ausmaß dieser Reduktion und die Umwandlung des Nitrat-N in Ammoniak einerseits und organische N-Verbindungen andererseits hängt von der Zeit, der Temperatur und den Temperaturveränderungen ab.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":76869,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Zweite naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung: Mikrobiologie der Landwirtschaft der Technologie und des Umweltschutzes","volume":"136 8","pages":"Pages 631-636"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80053-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123368670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies on Azotobacter chroococcum","authors":"Rajani Apte ,&nbsp;S.T. Shende","doi":"10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80066-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80066-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nitrogen fixing bacteria resembling <em>Azotobacter</em> were isolated from rhizosphere soil of different agricultural crops. Their morphological and biochemical properties were studied in detail to identify efficient ones for the preparation of bio-fertilizers. All the organisms were Gram-negative. There were both pigmented and non-pigmented forms. They also differed in their main physiological attributes like nitrogen fixation and synthesis of GLS and IAA like compounds. Nitrogen iixation ranged from 1.50 mg to 9.50 mg/g of sugar consumed. No correlation was observed between pigmentation and nitrogen fixation. Except the non-chromogenic strain (M-6), all the strains possessed different capacity to produce indole compounds ranging from 0.75 to 3.00 μg of IAA equivalents/ml of culture filtrates. All the strains were capable of synthesizing GLS, although they differed in their capacity, non-chromogenic strains like M-6 and W-3 were poor in synthesis of GLS.</p></div><div><p>Aus der Rhizosphäre verschiedener Kulturpflanzen wurden <em>Azotobacter</em>-Stämme isoliert und auf ihre morphologischen und biochemischen Eigenschaften untersucht, um besonders wirkungsvolle zur Herstellung von Biodüngern zu gewinnen. Unter den sämtlich Gram-negativen Stämmen gab es pigmentierte und nicht pigmentierte. Sie unterschieden sich auch in der N-Bindung (Schwankungsbreite 1,50 – 9,50 mg N/g Zucker) und in der Synthese Indolessigsäure(IAA)-ähnlicher Verbindungen (Schwankungsbreite 0,75 – 3,00 μg IAA-Äquivalente/ml Kulturfiltrat). Gibberellinsäure(GLS)-ähnliche Verbindungen wurden von allen Stämmen gebildet, von zweien allerdings nur in sehr geringer Menge.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":76869,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Zweite naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung: Mikrobiologie der Landwirtschaft der Technologie und des Umweltschutzes","volume":"136 7","pages":"Pages 548-554"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80066-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124408532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simple soil nitrate leaching test","authors":"R. Ulrich ,&nbsp;M. Vincíková ,&nbsp;B. Novák","doi":"10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80071-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80071-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Leaching of soil nitrates and the resulting environmental hazard were tested in glass pipes filled with soil samples. The pipes were 20 mm in diameter and the soil columns were 200 mm high. Portion of 150 ml distilled water were used for leaching. According to the soil texture different percentage of nitrate present was leached. Using the “secondary leaching” the biological nitrate formation might be estimated.</p></div><div><p>Die Auswaschung von Nitraten und die damit verbundene potentielle Umweltverschmutzung wurde in Glasröhrchen an einzelnen Bodenproben getestet. Die Röhrchen hatten einen Durchmesser von 20 mm, die Bodensäule darin war 200 mm hoch. Die Nitrate wurden mit der standardisierten Menge von 150 ml destilliertem Wasser ausgewaschen. Menge und Prozentsatz der ausgewaschenen Nitrate waren je nach Bodentextur unterschiedlich. Bei Anwendung der „sekundären Auswaschung“ konnte die mikrobiologische Nitratbildung ermittelt werden.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":76869,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Zweite naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung: Mikrobiologie der Landwirtschaft der Technologie und des Umweltschutzes","volume":"136 7","pages":"Pages 572-576"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80071-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121767407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of the Organophosphorus Insecticides Nuvacron and Dipterex on Rhizospherie Microflora of Broad Bean Infested with Wilt and Root Rot Fungi","authors":"S.A.Z. Mahmoud ,&nbsp;M.M. Zaki ,&nbsp;A.S. Hamed ,&nbsp;A.F. Sabab","doi":"10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80025-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80025-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effect of the organophosphorus insecticide Nuvacron or Dipterex on rhizospherie microflora of broad bean plants infested with <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> f. <em>fabae</em> or <em>Rhizoctonia solani</em>, wilt and root rot fungi, respectively, was studied. Moreover, influence of these insecticides on wilt and root rot incidence was also included. Soil inoculation with both phytopathogenic fungi proved inhibitory of normal rhizospherie flora. Nuvacron or Dipterex at the two levels applied, initially depressed densities of normal microflora, then counts progressively increased thereafter. The only exception was noted for phosphate dissolvers which showed a vast increase, indicating their activities in the mineralization of these organophosphorus insecticides. Despite the activity of insecticides applied in depressing the densities of <em>Fusarium</em> and <em>Rhizoctonia</em> spp. in rhizosphere only Nuvacron at the levels applied proved being effective in the control of wilt incidence. Unexpectedly, both insecticides significantly increased the spread of root rot disease. It is, therefore, recommended to apply Nuvacron not only for insect control, but also for achieving economic levels of wilt control.</p></div><div><p>Es wurde der Einfluβ von Nuvacron und Dipterex auf die Mikroflora der Rhizosphäre von Ackerbohne, welche mit <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> und <em>Rhizoctonia solani</em> infiziert war, untersucht. Diese beiden Krankheitserreger wirkten auf die normale Rhizosphäreflora inhibierend. Insektizidzusatz in zwei Stufen wirkte auf die normale Mikroflora anfänglich depressiv, anschlieβend erhöhten sich die Zahlen. Die Phosphat-lösenden Mikroorganismen zeigten einen starken Anstieg, welcher auf die Mineralisierung der organischen Phosphorverbindungen hinweist. Obwohl die Insektizide auf <em>Fusarium</em> und <em>Rhizoctonia</em> depressiv wirkten, konnten nur mit Nuvacron die Welkeerkrankungen vermindert werden.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":76869,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Zweite naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung: Mikrobiologie der Landwirtschaft der Technologie und des Umweltschutzes","volume":"136 3","pages":"Pages 232-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0323-6056(81)80025-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121694331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}