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[Especially gifted: especially happy, especially satisfied? On the self-concept of highly gifted and average children]. 特别有天赋:特别快乐，特别满足?超常儿童与普通儿童的自我概念研究[j]。
Zeitschrift fur Psychologie mit Zeitschrift fur angewandte Psychologie Pub Date : 1994-01-01
D H Rost, P Hanses
{"title":"[Especially gifted: especially happy, especially satisfied? On the self-concept of highly gifted and average children].","authors":"D H Rost,&nbsp;P Hanses","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the relation between intelligence and self-concept. 287 fourth-grade elementary-school students (151 intellectually gifted children and 136 children of average intelligence) participating in the Marburg Giftedness Project responded to an extended version of the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale. Results show that gifted children score higher in all facets of self-concept. However, this difference is only in the scale \"intellectual and school status\" statistically significant. Compared with gifted and non-gifted \"achievers\", gifted \"underachievers\" score lower in most self-concept facets. Independently of their intelligence level, children of this age group have developed a very positive self-concept.</p>","PeriodicalId":76858,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Psychologie mit Zeitschrift fur angewandte Psychologie","volume":"202 4","pages":"379-403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18816572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Structure of movement sequences: interactions between perception and motor control]. [运动序列的结构:知觉和运动控制之间的相互作用]。
Zeitschrift fur Psychologie mit Zeitschrift fur angewandte Psychologie Pub Date : 1993-01-01
M Ziessler
{"title":"[Structure of movement sequences: interactions between perception and motor control].","authors":"M Ziessler","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Structural properties play an important role in the programming and execution of movement sequences. Two experiments are presented investigating the question, which factors have an impact on the structuring of movement sequences. Following the results of Experiment 1 a movement sequence will be organized in such a way, that its structure fits with the perceptual structure of the stimuli connected with the movement. This ensures an optimal information exchange between perception and movement control. Experiment 2 suggests that also the starting point of a cyclic movement sequence has an impact on the structure. The comparison of both experiments shows the interaction between both factors. Moreover, interactions with kinetic properties of the effectors, with properties of motor coordination and with coding demands are discussed. The structure of a movement sequence is assumed to be a compromise between all these factors in the sense of an economy principle.</p>","PeriodicalId":76858,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Psychologie mit Zeitschrift fur angewandte Psychologie","volume":"201 1","pages":"109-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19091202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Modality specific systems of representation and processing of information. Superfluous images, useful representations, necessary evil or inevitable consequences of optimal stimulus processing]. [形式的特定系统的表示和处理的信息。]多余的图像，有用的表征，必要的邪恶或最佳刺激处理的不可避免的后果]。
Zeitschrift fur Psychologie mit Zeitschrift fur angewandte Psychologie Pub Date : 1993-01-01
H D Zimmer
{"title":"[Modality specific systems of representation and processing of information. Superfluous images, useful representations, necessary evil or inevitable consequences of optimal stimulus processing].","authors":"H D Zimmer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is discussed what is underlying the assumption of modality-specific processing systems and representations. Starting from the information processing approach relevant aspects of mental representations and their physiological realizations are discussed. Then three different forms of modality-specific systems are distinguished: as stimulus specific processing, as specific informational formats, and as modular part systems. Parallel to that three kinds of analogue systems are differentiated: as holding an analogue-relation, as having a specific informational format and as a set of specific processing constraints. These different aspects of the assumption of modality-specific systems are demonstrated in the example of visual and spatial information processing. It is concluded that postulating information-specific systems is not a superfluous assumption, but it is necessary, and even more likely it is an inevitable consequence of an optimization of stimulus processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":76858,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Psychologie mit Zeitschrift fur angewandte Psychologie","volume":"201 2","pages":"203-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19094222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Possibilities for integration of emotions in theoretical principles of cognitive psychology]. [认知心理学理论原则中情绪整合的可能性]。
Zeitschrift fur Psychologie mit Zeitschrift fur angewandte Psychologie Pub Date : 1993-01-01
F W Hesse, K Spies
{"title":"[Possibilities for integration of emotions in theoretical principles of cognitive psychology].","authors":"F W Hesse,&nbsp;K Spies","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Different approaches to integrate emotion and cognition can be differentiated. On the one hand emotions can be part of an associative network of long-term memory (Bower, 1981; Bower & Cohen, 1982; Lang, 1979, 1984). On the other hand emotions are said to function as mediators that instigate different processing strategies (Fiedler, 1988; Isen, 1984, 1987; Kuhl, 1983 b). Both approaches can be integrated within the framework of ACT* (Anderson, 1983) assuming emotion nodes as parts of the declarative memory and emotion related productions as parts of the procedural memory (Spies & Hesse, 1986). A third approach claims that emotions change the amount of processing capacity available for task related processes (Ellis & Ashbrook, 1988; Kuhl, 1983 b; Spies & Hesse, 1986). The theoretical positions as well as related empirical results are discussed by referring to the literature as well as to some of our own data.</p>","PeriodicalId":76858,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Psychologie mit Zeitschrift fur angewandte Psychologie","volume":"201 4","pages":"351-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18907142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Research strategies in cognitive psychophysiology]. [认知心理生理学研究策略]。
Zeitschrift fur Psychologie mit Zeitschrift fur angewandte Psychologie Pub Date : 1993-01-01
F Rösler
{"title":"[Research strategies in cognitive psychophysiology].","authors":"F Rösler","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two research strategies of cognitive psychophysiology are explained and illustrated by means of examples. In psychophysiological chronometry latencies of distinct events are measured from various biosignals (electroencephalogram, electromyogram, overt responses). These data provide insight into when a hypothetical processing module is activated, how long it is active and how long it takes to transfer information from one module to another. Among others, this approach allows to investigate whether particular processing steps are running in a sequential or a parallel mode. In a second approach event-related brain potentials which accompany well defined steps of information processing are analysed. Their topography provides information about which cortical areas are involved during particular steps of information processing and their amplitude indicates the load which is imposed on these areas. Both research strategies make it possible to study features of the human information processing system before an overt response has been committed. Implications which follow from these methodological approaches for fields of basic and applied research are mentioned (e.g. for cognitive, pharmaco- and neuropsychology).</p>","PeriodicalId":76858,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Psychologie mit Zeitschrift fur angewandte Psychologie","volume":"201 3","pages":"263-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18899971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Semantic relations as graded concepts. 作为分级概念的语义关系。
Zeitschrift fur Psychologie mit Zeitschrift fur angewandte Psychologie Pub Date : 1993-01-01
L J Caplan, D J Herrmann
{"title":"Semantic relations as graded concepts.","authors":"L J Caplan,&nbsp;D J Herrmann","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This experiment tests the hypothesis that semantic relations are graded concepts. It also tests the predictions of relation element theory and of Klix's (1986) theory of semantic relations regarding possible predictors of graded structure for semantic relations. Results support the hypothesis that semantic relations have graded structures, and indicate that differences among relations in gradedness reflect the families of semantic relations described by Chaffin & Herrmann (1984). In addition, Klix's distinction between property relations and event relations appears to be useful in explaining differences among relations in graded structure.</p>","PeriodicalId":76858,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Psychologie mit Zeitschrift fur angewandte Psychologie","volume":"201 1","pages":"85-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19091203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Motion aftereffect in analysis of the visual system]. [视觉系统分析中的运动后效]。
Zeitschrift fur Psychologie mit Zeitschrift fur angewandte Psychologie Pub Date : 1993-01-01
D Heller, M Ziefle
{"title":"[Motion aftereffect in analysis of the visual system].","authors":"D Heller,&nbsp;M Ziefle","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In several experiments the motion after-effect as elicited by spirals and gratings (\"waterfall displays\") is used to analyze the processing of information within the visual system. The duration and judged strength of after-effects are determined with respect to different fixation conditions (monocular and binocular fixation conditions as well as centric and eccentric fixation). The results show, that motion after-effects in spirals and waterfall displays are generated and processed in different ways within the visual system. The results are discussed on the basis of a metric of the visual system by means of the motion after-effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":76858,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Psychologie mit Zeitschrift fur angewandte Psychologie","volume":"201 3","pages":"317-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18899972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Knowledge, emotions and regulation of actions or the reason of feelings]. [知识，情绪和行为的调节或感觉的原因]。
Zeitschrift fur Psychologie mit Zeitschrift fur angewandte Psychologie Pub Date : 1993-01-01
D Dörner
{"title":"[Knowledge, emotions and regulation of actions or the reason of feelings].","authors":"D Dörner","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper concerns the interaction of emotion and knowledge in action regulation. First a new theory of emotions is developed. Emotions are considered as modulations of cognitive processes. Such a modulation is for instance the change of the resolution level of cognitive processes. Another modulation is the change of the \"updating rate\" of the image of the environment. A theory is developed how these modulations are dependent on \"context parameters\". Action regulation is a process, which is considered as consisting of three levels. The first one is the level of the automatisms. The second level is reasoning and planning, the third level is information collection by observation or trial and error behaviour. The change between these levels is dependent on the state of the knowledge about the respective domain of reality. It can be shown, that the concept of emotion and emotional change as consisting on a context dependent change of the modulation of cognitive processes and the three stage theory of action regulation is sufficient to explain emotional forms of behaviour.</p>","PeriodicalId":76858,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Psychologie mit Zeitschrift fur angewandte Psychologie","volume":"201 2","pages":"167-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19094220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Constraint and inclination for reducing complexity--social cognitive aspects of moral judgment in children]. [减少复杂性的约束和倾向——儿童道德判断的社会认知方面]。
Zeitschrift fur Psychologie mit Zeitschrift fur angewandte Psychologie Pub Date : 1992-01-01
K Boehnke, H Dettenborn, K Horstmann, M Schmieschek
{"title":"[Constraint and inclination for reducing complexity--social cognitive aspects of moral judgment in children].","authors":"K Boehnke,&nbsp;H Dettenborn,&nbsp;K Horstmann,&nbsp;M Schmieschek","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When processing information about their reality human beings systematically reduce objective complexity. This is not only true in cognitive problem solving, but also in other every-day situations, e.g., when decisions in situations of moral relevance are required. From a developmental psychological point of view the adequate handling of such situations requires, on the one hand, an age-related differentiation of social cognitions, and, on the other hand, an increasingly effective structuring and integration of information. The latter developmental process, however, bears the danger that an adequate psychosocial development is substituted by a tendency toward complexity reduction in the sense of oversimplification due to the fact that such a tendency may suggest situation-specific alternative actions which are seemingly \"easier to handle\". In an empirical study with 176 students from Polytechnical High Schools in (East-)Berlin the hypothesis is tested if a tendency toward oversimplification in (fictitious) situations of moral relevance is systematically related to deviant behavior at school. Results show that indeed deviant students have a stronger tendency toward oversimplifying social cognitions than non-deviant students. Furthermore, it can be shown that this result is not moderated by possible sex, age or academic performance effects. As results with regard to moral judgement in the Kohlbergian sense differ substantially in their relation to academic performance and to behavioral deviance, it is assumed that the two judgement processes differ conceptually.</p>","PeriodicalId":76858,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Psychologie mit Zeitschrift fur angewandte Psychologie","volume":"200 4","pages":"371-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12535344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Retrieval of action phrases: the efficacy of verb cues and noun cues. 动作短语的检索:动词线索和名词线索的有效性。
Zeitschrift fur Psychologie mit Zeitschrift fur angewandte Psychologie Pub Date : 1992-01-01
G Mohr
{"title":"Retrieval of action phrases: the efficacy of verb cues and noun cues.","authors":"G Mohr","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Memory for noun cues has been shown to be superior to memory for verb cues. This study investigates two factors that might influence this noun-cue superiority effect: pre-experimental associations between the cue and the target, and encoding strategies. Subjects were to study a list of noun-verb phrases. The pre-experimental associations between the two components of the phrases were either symmetric or asymmetric, and either strong or weak. One group of subjects studied the list under a standard learning instruction. The other group was required to enact the phrases. The results show that the noun-cue superiority is modulated by the variation of pre-experimental associations, that enacting considerably improves cued recall performances, and that enacting neither influences the effects of pre-experimental associations nor the efficacy of the two cuetypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":76858,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Psychologie mit Zeitschrift fur angewandte Psychologie","volume":"200 4","pages":"363-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12536765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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