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Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom最新文献

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Prostaglandins and other eicosanoids: their ocular transport, pharmacokinetics, and therapeutic effects. 前列腺素和其他类二十烷酸:它们的眼运输、药代动力学和治疗效果。
Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom Pub Date : 1986-01-01
L Z Bito
{"title":"Prostaglandins and other eicosanoids: their ocular transport, pharmacokinetics, and therapeutic effects.","authors":"L Z Bito","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since prostaglandins (PGs) were originally discovered in the eye in a search for the mediators of the ocular irritative responses, it is not surprising that the first decade of research on the ocular effects of these autacoids concentrated on their potential role in inflammation and other pathological processes. It is clear that PGs, like most other biologically active compounds, can have pathological effects when introduced into the eye in sufficiently high doses. More recent studies indicate, however, that PGs are also involved in the normal physiological processes of the eye, and that some PGs effectively reduce intraocular pressure and may actually moderate rather than mediate ocular inflammation. We must therefore consider the eicosanoids as a new class of potential ocular therapeutic agents. This paper reviews the evidence that these autacoids are actively transported by some tissues, including the ciliary epithelium, and considers the role of such transport processes in the ocular and systemic pharmacokinetics of endogenous eicosanoids and their therapeutically applied prodrugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":76757,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom","volume":"105 ( Pt 2) ","pages":"162-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14664113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Acute bacterial infection of the eye: bacterial keratitis and endophthalmitis. 眼睛的急性细菌感染:细菌性角膜炎和眼内炎。
Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom Pub Date : 1986-01-01
L A Wilson
{"title":"Acute bacterial infection of the eye: bacterial keratitis and endophthalmitis.","authors":"L A Wilson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterial keratitis and endophthalmitis are serious disorders which can result in partial or total loss of vision. The epidemiology, common aetiopathogens, clinical features, diagnostic techniques and management are reviewed with an emphasis on laboratory diagnosis and antimicrobial therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":76757,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom","volume":"105 ( Pt 1) ","pages":"43-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14644081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Brain stem and cerebellar deficits in eye movement control. 眼球运动控制的脑干和小脑缺陷。
Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom Pub Date : 1986-01-01
D S Zee
{"title":"Brain stem and cerebellar deficits in eye movement control.","authors":"D S Zee","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent experimental studies allow more precise functional-anatomical correlations in patients with ocular motor disorders. The abducens nucleus contains two groups of cells that together subserve ipsilateral horizontal conjugate gaze: Motoneurons with axons that innervate the lateral rectus and internuclear neurons with axons that cross the midline, ascend in the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) and impinge upon medial rectus motoneurons. The pontine paramedian reticular formation (PPRF) contains burst neurons for horizontal saccades. The rostral interstitial nucleus of the MLF (riMLF) in the midbrain contains burst neurons for vertical saccades. The dorsal lateral pontine nuclei are important for relaying smooth pursuit commands from the cerebrum to the cerebellar flocculus. The medial vestibular nuclei contain neurons important for eccentric gaze-holding. The cerebellar flocculus is also important for gaze-holding as well as for smooth pursuit and the control of the amplitude and direction of vestibular responses. The cerebellar nodulus is important for controlling the duration of vestibular responses. The cerebellar dorsal vermis (and underlying deep nuclei) are important for controlling saccade accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":76757,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom","volume":"105 ( Pt 5) ","pages":"599-605"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14664116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Primary ophthalmic care: why did patients choose to come to the accident and emergency department? 初级眼科护理:患者为何选择来急诊科?
Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom Pub Date : 1986-01-01
D Wong, D J Brazier
{"title":"Primary ophthalmic care: why did patients choose to come to the accident and emergency department?","authors":"D Wong,&nbsp;D J Brazier","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A survey was carried out to find out why patients chose to come to an eye accident and emergency department. The commonest reason given by the patients was the need for urgent medical attention. Up to a third of patients might be abusing the emergency service offered by the department and the implications of this are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":76757,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom","volume":"105 ( Pt 5) ","pages":"510-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14589660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Visual evoked potential changes in chronic glaucoma and ocular hypertension. 慢性青光眼和高眼压的视觉诱发电位变化。
Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom Pub Date : 1986-01-01
J W Howe, K W Mitchell
{"title":"Visual evoked potential changes in chronic glaucoma and ocular hypertension.","authors":"J W Howe,&nbsp;K W Mitchell","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Visual Evoked Potentials have been recorded in a group of normal patients and the results compared with a group of age matched patients with either unilateral chronic glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Pattern reversal transient and steady state responses were analysed and contrast threshold estimated using an onset-offset stimulus. Electrophysiological abnormalities were detected in 82.1 per cent of the glaucoma group and 50.9 per cent of the ocular hypertensives.</p>","PeriodicalId":76757,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom","volume":"105 ( Pt 4) ","pages":"457-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14590269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Microanatomy and modulation of the ciliary vasculature. 纤毛脉管系统的显微解剖学和调节。
Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom Pub Date : 1986-01-01
J C Morrison, E M Van Buskirk
{"title":"Microanatomy and modulation of the ciliary vasculature.","authors":"J C Morrison,&nbsp;E M Van Buskirk","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Scanning electron microscopy of primate anterior uveal methylmethacrylate vascular casting has revealed a complex, multifaceted, highly anastomotic vasculature. The anterior and long posterior ciliary arteries interconnect to form three collateral vascular circles: the episcleral circle; the intramuscular circle; the 'major' arterial circle. Located at the iris root, the 'major' arterial circle is the most discontinuous with its circumferentially oriented vessels frequently ending in iris and ciliary process arterioles. The ciliary process microvasculature is also highly complex, with two types of arterioles: anterior and posterior. Anterior arterioles possess focal constrictions near their origins and supply capillaries to the anterior regions and margins of the major ciliary processes. Posterior arterioles are less constricted and supply the minor ciliary processes and the central portions of the major processes. These findings, and the demonstration of multiple other channels, suggest several mechanisms by which blood can be shunted between and around the major and minor ciliary processes. In addition, we illustrate the use of scanning electron microscopy of methacrylate luminal castings to demonstrate alterations of the ciliary microvasculature in response to both pharmacologic and surgical stimuli. Quantitative studies of methacrylate castings may allow future localisation of the sites of vasomotor substance activity and improve our understanding of the role of blood flow in aqueous humour production.</p>","PeriodicalId":76757,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom","volume":"105 ( Pt 2) ","pages":"131-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14592135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Assessment of vision in amblyopia. 弱视的视力评估。
Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom Pub Date : 1986-01-01
R M Doran
{"title":"Assessment of vision in amblyopia.","authors":"R M Doran","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper presents a brief review of clinical methods of assessment of vision in amblyopic infants and children. The problems encountered in this context include attention and motivation of the patient, and reliability and standardisation of method. Various solutions are examined and the relevance of the newer techniques of acuity estimation by preferential looking (PL), visual evoked cortical potentials (VECP) and psychophysical tests of contrast sensitivity is discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":76757,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom","volume":"105 ( Pt 6) ","pages":"699-704"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14602186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Treacher Collins prize essay. Lasers in ophthalmic diagnosis. 特里切·柯林斯获奖论文。激光在眼科诊断中的应用
Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom Pub Date : 1986-01-01
J Sebag
{"title":"Treacher Collins prize essay. Lasers in ophthalmic diagnosis.","authors":"J Sebag","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76757,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom","volume":"105 ( Pt 6) ","pages":"607-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14602370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Penetration of ciprofloxacin into aqueous humor. 环丙沙星在房水中的渗透。
Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom Pub Date : 1986-01-01
A I Fern, G Sweeney, M Doig, G Lindsay
{"title":"Penetration of ciprofloxacin into aqueous humor.","authors":"A I Fern,&nbsp;G Sweeney,&nbsp;M Doig,&nbsp;G Lindsay","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ciprofloxacin is a potentially useful antibiotic in eye infection. A pilot study was performed on 25 patients undergoing routine cataract surgery to assess the penetration of the drug into aqueous humor after oral administration. The mean peak level of 0.56 mg/l achieved in aqueous is above the MIC for most gram negative organisms, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa.</p>","PeriodicalId":76757,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom","volume":"105 ( Pt 6) ","pages":"650-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14602372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exfoliation syndrome. 去死皮综合症。
Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom Pub Date : 1986-01-01
A H Tarkkanen
{"title":"Exfoliation syndrome.","authors":"A H Tarkkanen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The exfoliation syndrome has now been recognised all over the world and even in such ethnic groups as the Skolt Lapps, Navajo Indians, Australian aborigines and all major tribes of the South African Bantu. The prevalence appears rather all major tribes of the South African Bantu. The prevalence appears rather similar in those countries where population-based surveys have been conducted. The exfoliation syndrome is age-dependent. In Caucasians the prevalence is low before the age of 60 years, increasing steadily to about 8 per cent in the group aged 80 to 90 years. However, the Bantus show a 6.4 per cent prevalence in the age group 30 to 39 years. In population-corrected surveys the females show a higher prevalence of the syndrome than do the males. Familial occurrence of exfoliation and population genetics have suggested an autosomal dominant mode of heredity. Suggestions of differences in prevalence of the exfoliation syndrome in different countries and even in different areas of the same country call for further population-based even in different areas of the same country call for further population-based surveys. Recognition of exfoliation is clinically of paramount importance as 20 percent of exfoliation patients show abnormalities of intraocular pressure. Poor pupillary dilatation, fragile zonular fibres and 2 per cent lens displacement may induce difficulties in extracapsular cataract surgery with posterior chamber lens implantation. Ciliary sulcus fixation of intraocular lenses with large diameter of the haptics is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":76757,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom","volume":"105 ( Pt 2) ","pages":"233-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14614923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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