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Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom最新文献

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Fresh retinal detachments--the role of scleral buckling. 新的视网膜脱离，巩膜扣住的作用。
Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom Pub Date : 1986-01-01
D McLeod
{"title":"Fresh retinal detachments--the role of scleral buckling.","authors":"D McLeod","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Current concepts and methods of scleral buckling for fresh rhegmatogenous retinal detachments are reviewed in the light of alternative or additional approaches to retinal reattachment surgery. Increasingly, in difficult detachments, temporary internal air tamponade is replacing scleral buckling as a means of achieving initial closure of superiorly-located retinal breaks, though buckling often retains a role in thereafter maintaining break-closure by withstanding persisting vitreoretinal traction. Vitrectomy is also being employed more frequently in fresh detachments in order to relieve vitreoretinal traction, remove vitreous opacities and provide extra space for internal gas injection; however, complete relief of traction in the retinal periphery is seldom achievable, thus necessitating scleral buckling.</p>","PeriodicalId":76757,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom","volume":"105 ( Pt 4) ","pages":"480-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14590125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An investigation into the efficacy of probing the nasolacrimal duct as a treatment for epiphora in adults. 鼻泪管探查治疗成人泪溢的疗效观察。
Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom Pub Date : 1986-01-01
T A Bell
{"title":"An investigation into the efficacy of probing the nasolacrimal duct as a treatment for epiphora in adults.","authors":"T A Bell","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An investigation was conducted into the efficacy of probing the nasolacrimal duct as a method for treating epiphora in adults. Probing was performed on patients who had complete obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct. These patients comprised 62 per cent of the total incidence of epiphora observed during the study period. Following a single probing procedure, watering was subjectively improved in 52 per cent of cases. When patients who had a mucocoele or mucous regurgitation were excluded, the improvement rate increased to 75 per cent. A single probing procedure would appear to have been effective in producing some symptomatic improvement when limited in its use to patients who had complete obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct and when watering of the eye was the only symptom. Such patients accounted for 37 per cent of cases of epiphora.</p>","PeriodicalId":76757,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom","volume":"105 ( Pt 4) ","pages":"494-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14590127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fuchs' heterochromic cyclitis: an electron microscopy study. 富克斯异色循环炎:电子显微镜研究。
Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom Pub Date : 1986-01-01
A C McCartney, T B Bull, D J Spalton
{"title":"Fuchs' heterochromic cyclitis: an electron microscopy study.","authors":"A C McCartney,&nbsp;T B Bull,&nbsp;D J Spalton","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electron microscopy and computerised image analysis of iris biopsies in five cases of Fuchs' heterochromic cyclitis showed that depigmentation was due to significant reduction in deep stromal melanocyte numbers and a decrease in melanosomal size, in the presence of more mast cells and an infiltrate of plasma cells and lymphocytes. Anterior border cells appeared sparse and their melanosomes showed similar differences when compared to five normally pigmented controls. Pigment epithelium melanosomes did not alter in size.</p>","PeriodicalId":76757,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom","volume":"105 ( Pt 3) ","pages":"324-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14590258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The significance of minor defects of visual acuity in school children: implications for screening and treatment. 学龄儿童轻微视力缺陷的意义:筛查和治疗的意义。
Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom Pub Date : 1986-01-01
S L Stewart-Brown, R Brewer
{"title":"The significance of minor defects of visual acuity in school children: implications for screening and treatment.","authors":"S L Stewart-Brown,&nbsp;R Brewer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Information collected on the children of the 1970 Birth Cohort Study has been used to examine the educational performance of children who have minor defects of visual acuity. Results suggest that children with mild degrees of hypermetropia may experience difficulty learning to read but with exclusion of this group significant educational disability was not associated with minor visual defects. The significance of this finding is discussed in conjunction with information on prevalence of defects and current practice in screening and treating visual defects in school children. Some anomalies in current practice are identified.</p>","PeriodicalId":76757,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom","volume":"105 ( Pt 3) ","pages":"287-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14590504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rectus muscle surgery--how to do it. 直肌手术，怎么做。
Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom Pub Date : 1986-01-01
H E Willshaw
{"title":"Rectus muscle surgery--how to do it.","authors":"H E Willshaw","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The standard of strabismus surgery is generally high in the United Kingdom, with an apparently low incidence of surgical mishaps. It would, however, be wrong to adopt a complacent attitude towards one of the commonest ophthalmic surgical procedures, and this presentation, though essentially a description of the author's personal approach to strabismus surgery, attempts to justify this approach particularly where it differs from standard practice. It also includes an account of the technical details of some of the extra-ocular muscle surgical procedures which are less commonly performed, but which with attention to detail can yield excellent results.</p>","PeriodicalId":76757,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom","volume":"105 ( Pt 5) ","pages":"583-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14591883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The ciliary body in accommodation. 调节中的纤毛体。
Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom Pub Date : 1986-01-01
R F Fisher
{"title":"The ciliary body in accommodation.","authors":"R F Fisher","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ciliary muscle ring contracts about 0.8 mm in radius during maximum accommodation and this change in radius does not significantly alter as the eye ages between 15 and 45 years. Despite this constant movement of the ciliary muscle ring, the force of contraction steadily increases over the same age period from 0.8 to 1.2 gms. The force of contraction of the ciliary muscle per dioptre--the myodioptre--changes both during the act of accommodation and as the eye ages. In the first case as the amplitude of accommodation increases, the myodioptre also increases in direct proportion to the amplitude. In the second case, as the eye ages an additional increase occurs at all amplitudes of accommodation. This increase is initially quite small but between the ages of 40 and 45 it becomes very much greater. As age advances this increased force of contraction is matched by a decrease in movement of the equator of the lens so that the zonule which is attached to both the ciliary body and the lens becomes increasingly stretched during accommodation and so can transmit the increased force of contraction. The zonular fibres between the ages of 15 and 45 do not appear to change in their extensile properties so the elasticity modulus remains constant with a value of 3.5 X 10(5)Nm-2. This Young's modulus is some 10 to 900 times less than the elasticity modulus respectively of lens capsule or tendon collagen but almost the same as aortic elastin.</p>","PeriodicalId":76757,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom","volume":"105 ( Pt 2) ","pages":"208-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14592139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The blood-aqueous barrier. 血-水屏障。
Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom Pub Date : 1986-01-01
A Bill
{"title":"The blood-aqueous barrier.","authors":"A Bill","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper reviews studies on the permeability of the blood-aqueous barrier to substances that are not transported by cellular mechanisms. The intercellular movement of small molecules and ions from the ciliary processes into the posterior chamber is restricted by tight junctions between the nonpigmented epithelial cells. For plasma proteins the endothelial cells of the capillaries constitute an additional barrier. The number of tight junctional strands and the electrical conductance of the epithelium is such that it can be classified as a border case between leaky and tight epithelia. The iris vessels seem to constitute a more efficient barrier in primates than in rabbits and cats most probably due to the presence of more complete junctional strands between the endothelial cells in primates. Although there is no anatomical barrier there is an efficient functional barrier between the stroma of the ciliary processes and the anterior chamber. The flow of aqueous humour most probably plays a role in the process of control of the barrier function in the routes between Schlemm's canal and the anterior chamber.</p>","PeriodicalId":76757,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom","volume":"105 ( Pt 2) ","pages":"149-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13578635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Paramacular telangiectasis. 支持带毛细血管扩张。
Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom Pub Date : 1986-01-01
A G Casswell, G Chaine, P Rush, A C Bird
{"title":"Paramacular telangiectasis.","authors":"A G Casswell,&nbsp;G Chaine,&nbsp;P Rush,&nbsp;A C Bird","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Forty six patients with paramacular retinal telangiectasis were reviewed; unilateral telangiectasis was present in 26 and bilateral disease was present in 20. Patients with unilateral macular telangiectasis had the more extensive vascular involvement associated with exudation and were more likely to have peripheral telangiectasis. Bilateral macular telangiectasis was associated with pigment epithelial changes and sub-retinal scars. Visual acuity was mildly reduced in the majority of patients; severe loss of vision was most frequent in patients with bilateral macular disease. The evolution of vascular changes was very slow and only 5 patients lost vision of two lines or more during an average period of 40 months. The high incidence of peripheral changes in unilaterally involved patients implies the possibility of a primary defect of the retinal vessels in these patients. There is evidence to suggest that there may be a primary defect of the retinal pigment epithelium in some patients with bilateral involvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":76757,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom","volume":"105 ( Pt 6) ","pages":"683-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14602185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The effects of timolol on the active transport across the ciliary epithelium. 替马洛尔对纤毛上皮主动转运的影响。
Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom Pub Date : 1986-01-01
S Nagasubramanian, D Poinoosawmy
{"title":"The effects of timolol on the active transport across the ciliary epithelium.","authors":"S Nagasubramanian,&nbsp;D Poinoosawmy","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mean transepithelial potential was +4.04 mV (cameral side positive to stroma). The results (Fig. 1) show that the short-circuit current was significantly reduced by timolol at 10(-4) and 10(-2) M (p less than 0.01). Since the short-circuit current across the isolated ciliary epithelium is a measure of active sodium transport in the direction stroma----posterior chamber there is an appreciable fall in Na +/- transport across the ciliary epithelium at a timolol concentration of 10(-4) M. On current values of aqueous humour secretion there would be a corresponding fall in aqueous production. For comparison it is worth recalling that the concentration of timolol in 0.5 per cent eye drops is slightly over 10(-2) M. Exposure of the tissue to timolol, a beta blocker does not seem to affect the subsequent response of the system to isoprenaline, a beta stimulant. A significant stimulation of short circuit current in the dose-range of 10(-4) to 10(-3) M with isoprenaline in a similar preparation was reported by Cole and Nagasubramanian and increase of short-circuit current and/or sodium transport in amphibian epithelia have been reported for catecholamines, and this effect may possibly be due to a decrease of the resistance to ions actively transported by the 'sodium pump' mechanism brought about via cyclic-AMP mediating the action at a cellular level. It appears that timolol has a direct effect on the active transport per se and by reducing the active ion influx can cause a reduction in the volume of aqueous production.</p>","PeriodicalId":76757,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom","volume":"105 ( Pt 6) ","pages":"665-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14602374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Infectious endophthalmitis. 感染性眼内炎。
Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom Pub Date : 1986-01-01
L Ficker, J Peacock
{"title":"Infectious endophthalmitis.","authors":"L Ficker,&nbsp;J Peacock","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A clinical series of twenty-eight cases of suspected infectious endophthalmitis was reviewed. The combination of epidemiology and peroperative microscopy at the time of vitreous biopsy provided a useful indication of the pathogen involved. The visual prognosis was related to the virulence of the pathogen, and to the delay between recognition of symptoms or signs and treatment. It appears possible to predict high risk groups which warrant a high index of clinical suspicion and prompt diagnosis to enable early vitrectomy with injection of appropriate intraocular antibiotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":76757,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom","volume":"105 ( Pt 3) ","pages":"319-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14615196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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