Alcohol and drug research最新文献_第3页

Fetal alcohol-induced brain damage and the problem of determining temporal vulnerability: a review. 胎儿酒精性脑损伤和确定颞叶易损性的问题:综述

Alcohol and drug research Pub Date : 1987-01-01

J R West

引用次数: 0

Effects of restraint and naltrexone on the biphasic heart rate response to morphine in rats. 约束和纳曲酮对吗啡大鼠双相心率反应的影响。

Alcohol and drug research Pub Date : 1987-01-01

K S Schwarz, J Peris, C L Cunningham

引用次数: 0

Hepatotoxicity of maternal ethanol consumption in rat offspring: an assessment with a study of the ontogenetic development of ethanol-oxidizing systems. 母鼠消耗乙醇对后代的肝毒性:乙醇氧化系统个体发育研究的评估。

Alcohol and drug research Pub Date : 1987-01-01

B Rovinski, E A Hosein, H Lee, G L Hin, N K Rastogi

{"title":"Hepatotoxicity of maternal ethanol consumption in rat offspring: an assessment with a study of the ontogenetic development of ethanol-oxidizing systems.","authors":"B Rovinski, E A Hosein, H Lee, G L Hin, N K Rastogi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of chronic maternal ethanol ingestion on the ontogenetic development of rat hepatic ethanol-oxidizing systems was investigated. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity was first detected at day 19 of gestation. It then increased rapidly to reach adult levels by day 14 postnatally. The ontogenetic pattern, the specific activity and the affinity of the enzyme for its substrate or cofactor were not affected by chronic maternal ethanol consumption. Hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 content was first detected in trace amounts just prior to birth. It then increased rapidly in the first 10 days postnatally. Chronic maternal ethanol ingestion did not affect the developmental pattern but induced an increase in the total amount of P-450 detected throughout the postnatal period studied. Fat accumulation was found in fetal and postnatal livers and appeared to correlate with the emerging ability to oxidize ethanol by fetal ADH. The late appearance of the ADH and microsomal ethanol-oxidizing systems indicates that the fetal liver would be entirely dependent on maternal mechanisms to oxidize in-utero ethanol.","PeriodicalId":7671,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol and drug research","volume":"7 3","pages":"195-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14671595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Voluntary beer drinking in rats. 老鼠自愿喝啤酒。

Alcohol and drug research Pub Date : 1987-01-01

F Lancaster, K Spiegel, M Zaman

引用次数: 0

Cyclo (Leu-Gly) attenuates the striatal dopaminergic supersensitivity induced by chronic morphine. Cyclo (Leu-Gly)可减弱慢性吗啡诱导的纹状体多巴胺能超敏反应。

Alcohol and drug research Pub Date : 1987-01-01

J M Lee, F DeLeon-Jones, J Z Fields, R F Ritzmann

{"title":"Cyclo (Leu-Gly) attenuates the striatal dopaminergic supersensitivity induced by chronic morphine.","authors":"J M Lee, F DeLeon-Jones, J Z Fields, R F Ritzmann","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Cyclo(Leu-Gly) (CLG), a diketopiperazine analog of Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 (MIF), has direct effects on dopamine (DA) mediated behaviors as well as on D-2 DA receptors. Endogenous opioids, as well as morphine have also been implicated as neuromodulators of dopaminergic function. We studied these interactions in an animal model in which chronic morphine administration induces a dopaminergic supersensitivity that can be detected during the 48 hour (h) period following withdrawal of morphine. At 24 h following morphine withdrawal, there was a 3.5-fold increase in stereotypic behavior in rats following a challenge dose of apomorphine (APO) (0.5 mg/kg). By 48 h this effect had disappeared. Co-administration of CLG (8 mg/kg s.c.) with morphine attenuated the development of the behavioral supersensitivity to APO. D-2 DA receptor binding analysis indicated that parallel molecular changes occurred. There was a morphine-induced increase in the affinity (+167 percent) in antagonist (i.e. 3H-spiroperidol displaced by butaclamol) binding at 24 h after withdrawal. Co-administration of CLG with morphine attenuated these DA receptor changes at 24 hours which is consistent with the peptide's effect on stereotyped behavior. However, antagonist binding parameters did not parallel changes in behavior at 48 h. Agonist binding was then studied by examining DA displaceable 3H-spiroperidol (75 pM) binding to the D-2 DA receptor. Two receptor subpopulations D-2-HI and D-2-LO were revealed. Morphine caused an increase in the affinity for agonist binding to the D-2-HI site (83-fold increase). Affinity changes at the D-2-HI site correlated positively and strongly with the behavioral changes in all groups at both 24 and 48 h. We conclude that changes in agonist binding to D-2 DA receptors rather than antagonist binding is more consistent with the behaviors induced by morphine and CLG.","PeriodicalId":7671,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol and drug research","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13577424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of cannabinoids on levels of acetylcholine and choline and on turnover rate of acetylcholine in various regions of the mouse brain. 大麻素对小鼠大脑不同区域乙酰胆碱和胆碱水平及乙酰胆碱周转率的影响。

Alcohol and drug research Pub Date : 1987-01-01

H L Tripathi, F J Vocci, D A Brase, W L Dewey

{"title":"Effects of cannabinoids on levels of acetylcholine and choline and on turnover rate of acetylcholine in various regions of the mouse brain.","authors":"H L Tripathi, F J Vocci, D A Brase, W L Dewey","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The psychoactive cannabinoids, delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-THC), delta 8-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 8-THC), 11-hydroxy-delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (11-OH-delta 9-THC) and 9-nor-9 beta-hydroxyhexahydrocannabinol (beta-HHC), as well as the nonpsychoactive cannabinoids, cannabinol (CBN), cannabidiol (CBD), abnormal CBD, delta 8-THC methyl ether (1-OCH3-delta 8-THC) and 9-nor-9 alpha-hydroxyhexahydrocannabinol (alpha-HHC), were used to assess the role of cholinergic mechanisms in the different behavioral actions of these cannabinoids. Their effects on mouse brain choline and acetylcholine (ACh) levels and on ACh turnover were determined in cortex, hippocampus, striatum, midbrain and medulla-pons. delta 9-THC (30 mg/kg) caused a significant elevation of ACh in all five brain areas. 11-OH-delta 9-THC (30 mg/kg) increased ACh in hippocampus, striatum and midbrain. delta 8-THC (30 mg/kg) increased ACh in cortex and hippocampus. delta 9-THC and 11-OH-delta 9-THC increased choline in midbrain and cortex, whereas beta-HHC increased choline in all areas, except hippocampus, at a dose of 30 mg/kg. Also at this dose, delta 9-THC, 11-OH-delta 9-THC, delta 8-THC and beta-HHC decreased ACh turnover in the hippocampus, as did CBN (10-30 mg/kg), 1-OCH3-delta 8-THC (100 mg/kg) and alpha-HHC (100 mg/kg). ACh turnover was also decreased in midbrain by 1-OCH3-delta 8-THC and in the striatum by alpha-HHC. Thus, the most consistent effects of cannabinoids, both psychotomimetic and nonpsychotomimetic, were to increase ACh and decrease ACh turnover in the hippocampus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)","PeriodicalId":7671,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol and drug research","volume":"7 5-6","pages":"525-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14741890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ethanol and aging effects on movement initiation can be dissociated from general behavioral impairment using a high-speed lever-release task in rats. 乙醇和衰老对运动起始的影响可以通过高速杠杆释放任务从大鼠的一般行为障碍中分离出来。

Alcohol and drug research Pub Date : 1987-01-01

W W Spirduso, T Schallert, C Erickson, H M Fenton, J Fineg, G Knight, D Mayfield, T Walters

{"title":"Ethanol and aging effects on movement initiation can be dissociated from general behavioral impairment using a high-speed lever-release task in rats.","authors":"W W Spirduso, T Schallert, C Erickson, H M Fenton, J Fineg, G Knight, D Mayfield, T Walters","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"An animal model of human reaction time was used to assess the effects of ethanol on reactive capacity (RC) as a function of age. Three doses of ethanol (0.5, 1.0 & 1.5 g/kg of 20% v/v, i.p.) were confirmed by gas chromatographic analysis of blood samples taken immediately following every behavioral test. Fisher 344 rats were trained to use their forepaws to hold down a lever until the onset of a buzzer and light that signalled impending foot shock, which occurred within 200-1000 msec of the stimulus. All rats were shaped to release the lever faster than 200 msec, which permitted them to avoid all shock under saline treatment. In the first experiment, only young adult rats (3-4 mos) were tested. Ethanol caused a dose-dependent impairment of RC. In a second experiment, rats aged 4, 12 and 24 mos were tested. As in previous work, RC was reduced by age. Ethanol caused a dose-dependent impairment of response speed (as indicated by the average of the fastest five RTs) that was exaggerated in the 24 mo-old rats. Ethanol also appeared to amplify the trial-by-trial variability in RC that was typical of the old rats under saline conditions. Nevertheless, if given enough time (1000 msec) most rats (except for a few in the oldest group) were able to avoid shock under ethanol as reliably as under saline conditions, even at the highest dose. Thus, ethanol specifically slowed reaction time while sparing memory and motivational and motor capacities required for success in this task. Both extensive practice and pre-test warm up sessions modified the effects of ethanol; however they did not do so differentially across ages.","PeriodicalId":7671,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol and drug research","volume":"7 4","pages":"259-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14944669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Role of dietary and environmental factors in drug abuse. 饮食和环境因素在药物滥用中的作用。

Alcohol and drug research Pub Date : 1987-01-01

K Asghar

引用次数: 0

Ethanol consumption of free feeding animals during restricted ethanol access. 限制乙醇获取期间自由饲养动物的乙醇消耗量。

Alcohol and drug research Pub Date : 1987-01-01

H Marcucella, I Munro

引用次数: 0

Sex-differences in ethanol sensitivity and alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase activities in the Syrian hamster. 叙利亚仓鼠乙醇敏感性和乙醇乙醛脱氢酶活性的性别差异

Alcohol and drug research Pub Date : 1987-01-01

H B Moss, R J Salin-Pascual, P Rathnagiri, D Goldman, L Tamarkin

引用次数: 0