The Pavlovian journal of biological science最新文献_第2页

Applied orienting response research: some examples. 应用导向响应研究:若干实例。

The Pavlovian journal of biological science Pub Date : 1990-07-01 DOI: 10.1007/BF02974267

P Tremayne, R J Barry

引用次数: 1

The orienting response: stimulus factors and response measures. 定向反应:刺激因素和反应措施。

The Pavlovian journal of biological science Pub Date : 1990-07-01 DOI: 10.1007/BF02974263

R J Barry

{"title":"The orienting response: stimulus factors and response measures.","authors":"R J Barry","doi":"10.1007/BF02974263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02974263","url":null,"abstract":"This paper outlines some of the basic ideas of the orienting response (OR) that have developed from the classical writings of E.N. Sokolov, in particular the effects of stimulus novelty, intensity, and significance upon the OR, and predictions about these effects on a range of physiological measures traditionally associated with the OR. Such measures include the GSR, respiration, heart rate, vascular responses, EEG, and pupil diameter. Unfortunately, many of the predictions of classical OR theory do not hold up when such a fine-grain analysis is undertaken. Possible conceptualizations of the discrepancies between Sokolovian predictions and empirical data are considered--should we accept such discrepancies as merely reflecting the imperfect nature of many OR indices, or seek other regularizing principles? Preliminary Process Theory has been proposed as one alternative account of the existing data base, and similarities and differences between it and Sokolovian theory are explored. The need for further investigation of such problems, in the very foundations of OR theory, appears to be of fundamental importance to the future status of the OR. An appendix provides a discussion between Barry and Sokolov on some of these issues.","PeriodicalId":76714,"journal":{"name":"The Pavlovian journal of biological science","volume":"25 3","pages":"93-9; discussion 99-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF02974263","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13438029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 31

The stern reality 严峻的现实

The Pavlovian journal of biological science Pub Date : 1990-07-01 DOI: 10.1007/BF02974270

J. Furedy

引用次数: 0

The OR and significance. OR和意义。

The Pavlovian journal of biological science Pub Date : 1990-07-01 DOI: 10.1007/BF02974265

I Maltzman

引用次数: 22

The orienting response, and future directions of its development. 定位响应，以及未来的发展方向。

The Pavlovian journal of biological science Pub Date : 1990-07-01 DOI: 10.1007/BF02974268

E N Sokolov

{"title":"The orienting response, and future directions of its development.","authors":"E N Sokolov","doi":"10.1007/BF02974268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02974268","url":null,"abstract":"The orienting response (OR) is a specific behavioral act directed towards extraction of information from the environment. Head and eye movements represent only the tip of the iceberg of internal responses, which includes vascular modifications, EEG changes, and event-related potentials. Two mechanisms of the OR have to be differentiated: voluntary and involuntary. In the event-related potential, such a differentiation is expressed in mismatch negativity (involuntary effect) and processing negativity (voluntary effect). Single unit studies have shown that hippocampal neurones are simulating specific features of the OR as a response to novelty. Repeated presentation of stimuli results in a selective habituation of novelty detectors in hippocampus and of the OR. The trace of a standard stimulus formed at the level of hippocampal neurones matches the features of the standard stimulus and can be called a \"neuronal model of the stimulus.\" The OR is triggered by mismatch between the test stimulus and the elaborated neuronal model, and is activated by verbal instruction, by reinforcement during the initial stage of conditioned reflex elaboration, and by differentiation of signal and non-signal stimuli. A promising new area of practical application of the OR lies in the evaluation of a corridor of optimal functional state for efficient computer-based learning. Registration of the OR and defensive responses can be used for an objective evaluation of the functional state of the student, or, in a wider sense, of the industrial operator. New avenues of OR research are opened by recent techniques that isolate single-trial event related potentials, and their correlation with autonomic and behavioral manifestations of the OR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)","PeriodicalId":76714,"journal":{"name":"The Pavlovian journal of biological science","volume":"25 3","pages":"142-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF02974268","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13437306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 165

Editorial-Observation objectivity and the conflict of ideas. 社论-观察客观性与思想冲突。

The Pavlovian journal of biological science Pub Date : 1990-07-01

J A Stern

引用次数: 0

A symposium: Elicitation of the orienting response: Problems and future directions introduction 专题讨论会:导向反应的引出:问题与未来方向介绍

The Pavlovian journal of biological science Pub Date : 1990-07-01 DOI: 10.1007/BF02974262

R. Barry

引用次数: 0

Individual differences in the orienting response: nonresponding in nonclinical samples. 定向反应的个体差异:在非临床样本中无反应。

The Pavlovian journal of biological science Pub Date : 1990-07-01

J G O'Gorman

{"title":"Individual differences in the orienting response: nonresponding in nonclinical samples.","authors":"J G O'Gorman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The complete failure of the electrodermal orienting response (OR), although widely studied in clinical samples, has received little systematic attention in work with healthy adults. The published studies of nonresponding using nonclinical samples are reviewed, with data from three unpublished studies pertinent to the question, to identify the characteristics of nonresponders. The most durable findings to date are that nonresponding shows both trait and state characteristics, and that nonresponders are more likely to be female than male, to show hypoarousal in the electrodermal system but not complete unresponsiveness in this system or low arousal in other systems, and to show higher scores on measures of impulsiveness and antisociality but not to differ from responders in terms of sensation seeking. Most of these data can be reconciled with two different accounts of the OR mechanism. One is that proposed by I. Maltzman which postulates a difference between voluntary and involuntary ORs, and the other is that of J. A. Gray which proposes that the OR is a function of activity in a Behavioural Inhibition System. Taken together, these accounts imply that the OR reflects attentional and affective processes, and that both cognitive style and temperamental differences in the appraisal of threat can lead to electrodermal nonresponding.","PeriodicalId":76714,"journal":{"name":"The Pavlovian journal of biological science","volume":"25 3","pages":"104-8; discussion 109-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13437298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pavlov, psychoanalysis, and neuroses. 巴甫洛夫，精神分析和神经症。

The Pavlovian journal of biological science Pub Date : 1990-04-01 DOI: 10.1007/BF02964603

G Windholz

引用次数: 4

Locus of semantic generalization of the galvanic skin response and possible inhibitory influence of conditional stimuli upon unconditional response following conditioning with innocuous and noxious unconditional stimuli. 皮肤电反应的语义泛化轨迹及条件刺激对无害和有害条件刺激后无条件反应的可能抑制作用。

The Pavlovian journal of biological science Pub Date : 1990-04-01 DOI: 10.1007/BF02964605

I Maltzman

引用次数: 1