The Pavlovian journal of biological science最新文献

Cortical evoked potentials as indicators of auditory-visual cross-modal association in young adults. 皮层诱发电位作为青壮年听觉-视觉跨模态关联的指标。

The Pavlovian journal of biological science Pub Date : 1990-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/BF02900703

N Bruneau, S Roux, B Garreau, J Martineau, G Lelord

{"title":"Cortical evoked potentials as indicators of auditory-visual cross-modal association in young adults.","authors":"N Bruneau, S Roux, B Garreau, J Martineau, G Lelord","doi":"10.1007/BF02900703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02900703","url":null,"abstract":"Auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) were studied from scalp locations Cz and Oz on 37 adults aged 20-22 years during sensori-sensorial association of a weak sound (S) and a strong flash of light (L). After sound alone repetition (habituation), S-L association modified AEP: first, it caused a generalized orienting response expressed as increasing of Cz and Oz amplitude AEPs. Then, this pattern gave way to an activation limited to the Oz lead: the increase of amplitude was then concomitant with shortened latencies when compared to sound-alone-habituated responses. Inter-individual differences were observed since these occipital modifications were recorded only on 26 subjects. The other 11 subjects did not exhibit any occipital modifications following S-L association. For them, the main modification was a strong decrease of Cz AEP induced by S-L association. These two groups also differed in their capacity to ignore irrelevant stimuli which is higher in the first group (AEP amplitude habituation with sound-alone repetition) than in the second one (no AEP habituation).","PeriodicalId":76714,"journal":{"name":"The Pavlovian journal of biological science","volume":"25 4","pages":"201-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF02900703","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13230277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Contextual conditioning. A comparison of eastern and western views. 上下文条件。东西方观点的比较。

The Pavlovian journal of biological science Pub Date : 1990-10-01

H Lachnit, H D Kimmel

引用次数: 0

Contextual conditioning 上下文条件

The Pavlovian journal of biological science Pub Date : 1990-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/BF02900700

H. Lachnit, H. Kimmel

引用次数: 2

The second signal system as conceived by Pavlov and his disciples. 第二个信号系统是巴甫洛夫和他的弟子们设想的。

The Pavlovian journal of biological science Pub Date : 1990-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/BF02900699

G Windholz

{"title":"The second signal system as conceived by Pavlov and his disciples.","authors":"G Windholz","doi":"10.1007/BF02900699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02900699","url":null,"abstract":"Pavlov clearly formulated his ideas on the second signal system (specifically, language) in the 1930s. This occurred in conjunction with his interest in interspecies differences and in the study of human neuroses. Pavlov proposed that conditional reflexes signal concrete reality while symbolic-language provides abstractions of reality. Phylogenetically, language emerged in the humans because this form of communication had survival value to the species. Pavlov's disciples L. A. Orbeli and N. I. Krasnogorskiĭ had considered the ontogenetic development of language. The experimental investigation of A. G. Ivanov-Smolenskiĭ extended Pavlov's empirical study of the function of language in psychopathology. Notwithstanding a sustained interest in language, Pavlov did not develop a theory of language acquisition based upon the conditioning principle. Pavlov's conceptualization of language may not have been original, nor did it contribute significantly to modern linguistics. It is now mainly of historical interest. It was, nevertheless, important to the conceptualization of neuroses within the context of the theory of higher nervous activity and it had far-reaching political implications for Soviet psychology in the immediate post-World War II period.","PeriodicalId":76714,"journal":{"name":"The Pavlovian journal of biological science","volume":"25 4","pages":"163-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF02900699","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13230427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Arousal and paired-associate learning. Evidence refuting the action decrement theory of Walker and Tarte (1963). 唤醒和配对联想学习。反驳Walker和Tarte(1963)的行动递减理论的证据。

The Pavlovian journal of biological science Pub Date : 1990-10-01

E Schürer-Necker

引用次数: 0

Auditory stimulus intensity gradients and response to methylphenidate in ADD children. adhd患儿听觉刺激强度梯度及对哌甲酯的反应。

The Pavlovian journal of biological science Pub Date : 1990-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/BF02900701

P T Ackerman, R A Dykman, D M Oglesby

{"title":"Auditory stimulus intensity gradients and response to methylphenidate in ADD children.","authors":"P T Ackerman, R A Dykman, D M Oglesby","doi":"10.1007/BF02900701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02900701","url":null,"abstract":"Using an auditory stimulus intensity paradigm, we obtained both event related potentials (ERPs) and press and release reaction times (RT) from a large sample of children with Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD). The ERP gradients to three tone intensities were used to classify the children as augmenters (steep gradients), moderates, or reducers (shallow or negative gradients). The RT data were used to classify the children as strong or sensitive, following neo-Pavlovian guidelines. The children were then cross-classified on these two dimensions and compared on cognitive, behavioral, and performance measures. The groups were also compared in response to two dosage levels of methylphenidate. Based on prior studies, we hypothesized that: 1. ERP augmenters would respond as well to the low as high dose but that reducers would respond better to high than low dose; and II. sensitive types (RT measure) would do better on the higher dose and strong types on the low dose. The first hypothesis was confirmed on a performance task but not on behavioral ratings. At the lower dose, augmenters improved most and reducers least on a 10-minute coding task presumed to require sustained attention. There was no support for the second hypothesis either in ratings or performance. The ERP augmentation measure was significantly related to teacher rated attentiveness; i.e., reducers and moderates were rated more adversely. The RT sensitivity measure tended to be related to achievement; i.e., strong types had lower reading and spelling scores. The ERP and RT sensitivity measures were not significantly correlated.","PeriodicalId":76714,"journal":{"name":"The Pavlovian journal of biological science","volume":"25 4","pages":"180-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF02900701","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13230430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Pavlov and the Nobel Prize Award. 巴甫洛夫和诺贝尔奖。

The Pavlovian journal of biological science Pub Date : 1990-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/BF02900698

G Windholz, J R Kuppers

引用次数: 4

Arousal and paired-associate learning 唤醒和配对联想学习

The Pavlovian journal of biological science Pub Date : 1990-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/BF02900702

E. Schürer-Necker

引用次数: 0

Erratum to: Biochemical pathogenesis of post-traumatic epilepsy 创伤后癫痫的生化发病机制

The Pavlovian journal of biological science Pub Date : 1990-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/BF02900705

A. Mori, M. Hiramatsu, I. Yokoi, R. Edamatsu

引用次数: 1

Orienting reaction, organizing for action, and emotional processes. 导向反应，组织行动和情感过程。

The Pavlovian journal of biological science Pub Date : 1990-07-01 DOI: 10.1007/BF02974266

L P Latash

{"title":"Orienting reaction, organizing for action, and emotional processes.","authors":"L P Latash","doi":"10.1007/BF02974266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02974266","url":null,"abstract":"In the first half of the sixties, general notions were formulated concerning the functional role of the orienting reaction (OR) in adaptive activity, its elicitation and habituation. These notions included the following: a) The OR is elicited only by significant changes in a situation. This implies that OR elicitation is preceded by brain processes (usually unconscious) pertaining to the evaluation of the significance of changes according to an existing hierarchy of motivations, attitudes, and goals. Therefore, the OR is of an active (vs. reactive) nature, i.e., is inevitably determined by internal factors of brain activity. b) The OR is not a unitary reaction, but a complex polyfunctional activity, different aspects of which are reflected in different OR components which can be modified rather independently. c) The OR represents the processes of organizing new (non-standard) actions: sensory, motor, or intellectual. OR habituation is a manifestation of attenuation of the active control of an action, and an increase in its automation. Thus, the emphasis in understanding the OR has shifted from a predominantly \"sensualistic\" platform to a predominantly \"actualistic\" one. In recent experiments, the role of emotional processes in the elicitation and habituation of components of the OR has been analyzed. Complex relations between the GSR and anxiety were found in a study of patients with acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome treated with different psychopharmacological agents. The study of auditory evoked potential habituation in depressive patients has shown the emotional state influence on sensory aspects of the OR with the participation of the OR brain mechanisms in perceptual defense.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)","PeriodicalId":76714,"journal":{"name":"The Pavlovian journal of biological science","volume":"25 3","pages":"123-9; discussion 129-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF02974266","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13437300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9