Ji-Yon Yang, Myong-Song Om, Won-Chol Yang, Un-Ha Kim, Sun-Hak Sok, Wi-Song Ri
{"title":"Process Optimization for Improving Multiple Quality Attributes of AlSi10Mg Alloys Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting Based on Integrated Overall Quality Index","authors":"Ji-Yon Yang, Myong-Song Om, Won-Chol Yang, Un-Ha Kim, Sun-Hak Sok, Wi-Song Ri","doi":"10.1134/S1067821225600541","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1067821225600541","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Selective laser melting (SLM) technique is one of the most popular advanced manufacturing techniques. The SLM process parameters affect the multiple quality-attributes of the SLM-built parts. The aim of this work is to develop a new optimization methodology of the SLM process parameters for improving the multiple quality attributes of the SLM-built parts. It is a multi-objective optimization (MOO) problem. The multiple quality attributes are converted into a single overall quality index (OQI) using multi atrribute decision making (MCDM) method, and the MOO problem converted into a single objective optimization (SOO) one. The optimization result may differ according to the applied MCDM method. To address it, this work proposed a reasonable process optimization methodology for improving multiple quality attributes of the SLM-built parts using integrated OQI (I-OQI) combined with multiple OQIs obtained from multiple MADM methods. The proposed methodology was applied to optimize the process parameters such as laser power (LP), scan speed (SS) and overlap rate (OR) for improving five quality attributes such as tensile strength, hardness, relative density, volumetric energy density, and build rate of the SLM-built AlSi10Mg alloy. The optimal values of the SLM process parameters obtained from Taguchi and grid search optimization methods were LP of 320 W, SS of 900 mm/s, and OR of 0.25. The methodology could be actively applied to the SLM process optimization for not only Al alloys but also various metal/alloys.</p>","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"66 3","pages":"137 - 151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145073682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental Investigation of Underwater Friction Stir Welded AA1100: Effect of Rotational Speed","authors":"Ayush Verma, Chhaviyush Kusumakar, Sahil Gupta, Abhishek Upadhyay, Arvind Meena, Sachin Maheshwari, Pooja Dwivedi","doi":"10.1134/S1067821224600583","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1067821224600583","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The development of several defects such as hydrogen embrittlement, solidification cracks, porosity, blowholes, and undesirable metallurgical changes that occur in fusion welding can be elegantly mitigated by lowering the peak temperature in underwater friction stir welding. Therefore, this article delves into the effect of tool rotational speed on mechanical properties as well as the microstructural evolution of underwater friction stir welded AA1100-H18. Mechanical properties such as Rockwell hardness, tensile test and impact test as well as microstructural analysis through optical micrograph and scanning electron microscope were analyzed. The results showed that grains are refined and properties get enhanced at optimum rotational speed.</p>","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"66 3","pages":"107 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145073715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yong Il Kim, Kwang Hyok Rim, Chol Min Yu, Su Bong Pyon, Kuk Chol Kim
{"title":"Acid Baking-Leaching Process for Treatment of Copper Precipitate from AVR Process","authors":"Yong Il Kim, Kwang Hyok Rim, Chol Min Yu, Su Bong Pyon, Kuk Chol Kim","doi":"10.1134/S1067821224600662","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1067821224600662","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Copper precipitate comes from cyanidation wastewater treatment process using AVR (acidification-volatilization-regeneration) technology in a Korean gold plant and typically assays 44.53 wt % Cu, 5.56 wt % Fe and 16.81 wt % S. CuSCN and Cu<sub>2</sub>Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub> are major copper compounds in the precipitate and in the past it has been sold as raw material for pyrometallurgy of copper. Low-temperature (<span>( leqq {kern 1pt} 250^circ {text{C}})</span>) sulfuric acid baking followed by acid leaching has been evaluated in order to recover copper and the experimental results showed that by acid baking under following condition: 250°C, 60 min and ratio of 98 wt % H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>/copper precipitate 2.4, ~98.5 wt % copper was released to the leach solution. During baking Cu<sub>2</sub>Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub> preferentially reacted with sulfuric acid over CuSCN. The leachate containing Cu and Fe can be sent to conventional SX-EW process to produce electrolytic copper. And a little residue (~3.2 wt % of copper precipitate weight) is formed after acid leaching, Cu content in it is 20.8 wt % and Cu<sub>2</sub>S and CuS are major copper compounds. Possible reactions were proposed for sulfuric acid baking of copper precipitate. HCN formed during baking is reoxidized to CO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>, so recovery of cyanide during baking is of no significance. Based on this investigation, new process for treatment of copper precipitate is proposed for copper recovery. The process mainly consists of acid baking, acid leaching and SX-EW. And treatment of off-gas is needed in view of environmental issue.</p>","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"66 2","pages":"55 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144814473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Runmei Zhang, Yang Xiao, Bin Yuan, Chao Qian, Zhong Chen, Shibiao Chen, Zihua Chen, Weiwei Song
{"title":"Study on the Organisation and Mechanical Properties of the Static Shoulder Friction Stir Welded of AA6003-T6 Aluminium Alloy","authors":"Runmei Zhang, Yang Xiao, Bin Yuan, Chao Qian, Zhong Chen, Shibiao Chen, Zihua Chen, Weiwei Song","doi":"10.1134/S1067821225600309","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1067821225600309","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aluminum alloy is a material of particular significance within the domain of light weighting research. The present study investigates the effects of welding parameters on the forming and mechanical properties of static shoulder stir friction welded joints of 3 mm thick 6003 aluminum alloy. It was determined that the optimal quality of welds, characterized by their formation and absence of defects, was achieved through the utilization of static shoulder stir friction welding at speeds ranging from 3.000 to 4.000 rpm, with ω/v maintained within the range of 3 to 4. These results emphasize the importance of the welding parameters on the results.</p>","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"66 2","pages":"90 - 100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144814472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Dedyukhin, E. Kirillov, S. Kirillov, V. Rychkov, G. Bunkov
{"title":"Cuprum Ion-Exchange Recovery from Ammonia Leach Liquors of Spent Lithium-Ion Battery Black Powder","authors":"I. Dedyukhin, E. Kirillov, S. Kirillov, V. Rychkov, G. Bunkov","doi":"10.1134/S106782122560036X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S106782122560036X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, a comprehensive method for processing lithium-ion battery electrode material is proposed, based on the selective cuprum leaching using an NH<sub>4</sub>HCO<sub>3</sub> liquor followed by its sorption using the ion-exchange resin Purolite S930 Plus. Certain optimal conditions for ammoniacal leaching ensure cuprum recovery at approximately 90%. Loading tests demonstrated a high static sorption capacity of the resin—125.4 mg g<sup>–1</sup>, while dynamic experiments and elution using H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> showed the possibility of efficient cuprum recovery and resin regeneration. Additional analyses using IR and XPS spectroscopy confirmed the formation of stable coordination bonds between cuprum ions and the functional groups of the resin. The obtained results indicate the promise of the proposed technology for the industrial processing of spent lithium-ion batteries to recover valuable metals.</p>","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"66 2","pages":"65 - 76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144814404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Protective Alkali and pH on Gold Extraction in Cyanide Leaching Process of Two Stage Roasting Calcine of Arsenic Bearing Gold Concentrate","authors":"Kim Yong Min, Cha Su Gyong, Kim Kuk Chol","doi":"10.1134/S1067821224600716","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1067821224600716","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effect of protective alkali and pH on gold extraction in cyanide leaching process of two stage roasting calcine of arsenic bearing gold concentrate was investigated. The results showed that the gold extraction was independent of protective alkali such as caustic soda, sodium carbonate and lime, and the effect of pH on gold extraction was obvious. If the pH of pulp is high, the arsenic concentration of cyanide leaching solution is increased to decrease gold extraction. The effect of arsenic concentration of solution on gold extraction was also investigated. When the leaching solution has no lead ion, the arsenic has no effect on gold extraction, but when the arsenic and lead exist in solution simultaneously, the effect of arsenic on gold extraction is high.</p>","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"66 2","pages":"101 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144814470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tribological Performance Evaluation of Self-Lubricating Ceramic Reinforced Aluminum-Based Composites","authors":"P. C. Tokat-Birgin, H. Aydin, E. Kaya","doi":"10.1134/S1067821225600486","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1067821225600486","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study used the powder metallurgy method to produce particle-reinforced hybrid Al metal matrix composites (HAMMCs). The synergistic effects of adding graphite-TiO<sub>2</sub> and ZrO<sub>2</sub> reinforcement to the Al matrix on the microstructure development, hardness, and wear behavior of hybrid aluminum metal matrix composites were researched. Hybrid composite samples produced after sintering, phase and microstructure analysis, density measurement, hardness, and wear behavior have been studied experimentally. Microstructural observation shows reinforcements are partially homogeneously distributed in the Al matrix. Dual-oxide reinforcement improved hardness more remarkably than mono-oxide reinforcement in the produced samples. The highest hardness value is obtained in the Al–5% TiO<sub>2</sub> + 5% ZrO<sub>2</sub> + 2% C composite. The lowest COF values of composite samples are obtained with dual-oxide reinforcement. Al–5% TiO<sub>2</sub> + 5% ZrO<sub>2</sub> + 2% C composite has the highest wear resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"66 2","pages":"77 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144814471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tribological and Corrosion Properties of Graphene Nanoplatelets and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Reinforced Aluminium Zinc Magnesium Alloy-Based Nanohybrid Metal Matrix Composites","authors":"Rahul Chaurasia, Saroj Kumar Sarangi, Ashish Kumar Srivastava, Ambuj Saxena","doi":"10.1134/S1067821225600206","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1067821225600206","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Present study focuses on the fabrication and evaluation of graphene nanoplatelets and titanium dioxide nano powder-reinforced aluminium-zinc-magnesium alloy-based nanohybrid metal matrix composites using the cost-effective and scalable stir casting technique with the objective to enhance tribological performance and corrosion resistance. The tribological properties were evaluated under 10 and 20 N loads at 300 and 600 rpm conditions. Wear and coefficient of friction shows significant improvement. Minimum wear is reported in 2% graphene nanoplatelets and 3% titanium dioxide samples at 10 N and 300 rpm conditions, whereas coefficient of friction is minimum in the same composition at 20 N 600 rpm conditions having values of 0.0016 mm<sup>3</sup> min<sup>–1</sup> and 0.28 respectively. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed wear mechanisms at 10 and 20 N loads, showcasing reduced wear scars and smoother surfaces in higher reinforced composites. Minimum surface roughness observed is 1.71 µm. Corrosion resistance was also notably enhanced, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy images analysis of corroded surfaces. The lowest corrosion rate observed is 0.83 mmpy at 2% graphene nanoplatelets and 3% titanium dioxide reinforced sample. Artificial neural networks and multiple linear regression were employed, showing excellent correlation with experimental data for accurate property predictions. The results demonstrate that the incorporation of present reinforcements substantially improves wear resistance, lowers friction coefficient, and mitigates corrosion in saline environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"66 1","pages":"1 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Effect of Gd Addition on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure Evolution during Hot Deformation of β-Solidified γ-TiAl Based Alloy","authors":"V. S. Sokolovsky, P. V. Panin, G. A. Salishchev","doi":"10.1134/S1067821225600498","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1067821225600498","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effect of Gd microalloying on the microstructure, mechanical behavior, and structural evolution during hot deformation in the (α<sub>2</sub> + γ) phase field has been investigated on two experimental β-solidifying alloys based on γ–TiAl – Ti–45Al–2V–1Nb–1Zr and Ti–45Al–2V–1Nb–1Zr–0.2Gd (at %). The addition of Gd led to a reduction in the average size of plate-like (α<sub>2</sub> + γ) colonies from 250 to 140 μm, and the inter-lamellar spacing decreased from 160 to 110 nm in the as-cast state. It was shown that the reduction in the average colony size resulted in a decrease in the yield strength and peak stresses during hot deformation, with this effect being more pronounced at lower deformation temperatures. Additionally, the introduction of Gd resulted in the fraction of recrystallized/spheroidized volume increase of the forming α<sub>2</sub>/γ-phase grains/particles and also their size reduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"66 1","pages":"17 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bo He, Peng Xu, Donglai Li, Yuhang Ren, Guang Yang
{"title":"Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Properties of K4169 Repaired by Laser Deposition","authors":"Bo He, Peng Xu, Donglai Li, Yuhang Ren, Guang Yang","doi":"10.1134/S1067821225600474","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1067821225600474","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To address the defects and damage to high-temperature K4169 alloy components during casting and processing, as well as during service, laser deposition repair of K4169 alloy was carried out and the effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and properties of the repaired samples was investigated. After aging heat treatment, a large number of γ' phases and a small number of γ'' phases precipitated in both the repair zone and the substrate zone, but the δ phase was still observed only in the substrate, the number did not change significantly, the strength of the repaired sample improved, and the plasticity decreased. After solution + aging heat treatment, more γ'' phases precipitated from the sample, which led to a further increase in strength. The precipitation of the δ phase was observed in the repair zone, the number and distribution scope of δ phases in the substrate zone increased. In addition, the plasticity was greater than that of the aged sample because of the dissolution of the brittle Laves phase and the cutting effect of the δ phase.</p>","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"66 1","pages":"24 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}