Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals最新文献

{"title":"In memory of Vladimir Ivanovich Nikitin","authors":"A. Editorial","doi":"10.17073/0021-3438-2022-5-85-86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17073/0021-3438-2022-5-85-86","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>.</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87753234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New process solutions in the manufacture of thermochemically resistant ceramic molds for casting titanium alloys","authors":"V. K. Dubrovin, B. A. Kulakov, A. V. Karpinskii, O. M. Zaslavskaia","doi":"10.17073/0021-3438-2022-5-55-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17073/0021-3438-2022-5-55-65","url":null,"abstract":"The paper provides the results of studies on interaction between titanium melts and silica-containing investment molds. Pure silicon, compounds of titanium oxides and silicides were detected by X-ray diffraction analysis in the contact zone. The problem of the negative impact exerted by the mold on the casting is solved by using thermally stable and chemically resistant monocorundum molds based on an alumina sol binder. A refractory suspension was developed for investment casting containing special additives to improve wax mold wetting with the suspension, and to increase the mold shell strength. The article studies sedimentation properties of suspension. A method was developed for accelerated curing of sequentially applied refractory suspension layers by vacuum drying and subsequent chemical curing with a gaseous reagent. The formation time is reduced from 3–5 h to 20–30 min per layer. Comparative studies of kinetics of alumina sol binder convective drying and vacuum dehydration were conducted. The process of moisture removal per unit surface of the applied refractory layer in a vacuum of 5–10 kPa increases by 2–6 times. X-ray phase analysis was used to study the alumina sol conversion during high-temperature heating. The solid gel of the α-Al2O3 stable phase is obtained in the alumina sol mold shell when the calcination temperature rises to 1300–1350 °C with a sufficient strength of 9–12 MPa provided by sintering additives added to the suspension. Recommendations are given for additional protection of refractory ceramic layers after vacuuming and drying: treatment of the last layer with gaseous curing agents and application of a polyvinylacetal solution with a density of 1100–1200 kg/m3. The process solutions proposed will make it possible to increase both the efficiency of titanium alloy forming and casting processes and the quality of castings.","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88758521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure and phase composition formation of cast aluminum matrix composites during multiple remelting","authors":"E. Prusov, V. Deev, A. Aborkin, A. Panfilov, A. Kireev","doi":"10.17073/0022-3438-2021-5-46-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17073/0022-3438-2021-5-46-54","url":null,"abstract":"The lack of understanding as to the nature of interfacial interaction between reinforcing particles and the matrix alloy during repeated remelting of cast composite materials is one of the problems hindering the expansion of their industrial application. This research is aimed at establishing the effect of repeated remelting of AK12 + 10 vol.% SiC aluminum matrix composites on the retention and chemical stability of silicon carbide reinforcing particles. It is shown that an increase in the number of remelting iterations is not accompanied by any new phases appearing at the interfaces between particles and the matrix, which indicates the stability of the SiC reinforcing phase in aluminumsilicon melts under the considered temperature-time and concentration conditions. Repeated remelting of aluminum matrix composites with silicon carbide shifts the particle distribution uniformity towards a more uniform distribution degree (on average 0.81046 at the first remelting iteration, 0.6901 at the second one and 0.5609 at the third one) and slightly reduces their average sizes (from 70.74 μm at the first iteration to 65.76 μm at the second one and 61.21 μm at the third one), apparently due to particle fragmentation that leads to an increase in the quantity of finer particles. At the same time, the share of the area occupied by particles in the section regions under consideration remains practically unchanged (10.9293, 10.9607 and 11.6483 % at the first, second and third remelting iterations, respectively). In the course of repeated remelting of Al–SiC aluminum matrix composites, processes of reinforcing particle redistribution occur that lead to the destruction of agglomerates even without intensive mixing with an impeller. Due to this, the uniformity of particle distribution in the structure of secondary aluminum matrix composite ingots can be significantly improved.","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74689687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Finite element analysis of stress-strain state of the deformation zone of a UFG TI Grade 4 workpiece subjected to abrasive-free ultrasonic finishing","authors":"R. Asfandiyarov, G. Raab, D. Gunderov, D. Aksenov, A. G. Raab","doi":"10.17073/0021-3438-2022-5-36-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17073/0021-3438-2022-5-36-45","url":null,"abstract":"An effective approach to increasing the fatigue resistance of metal products is to create compressive residual stresses on the surface of the product using surface plastic deformation (SPD) processing. One of the effective SPD methods is the process of abrasive-free ultrasonic finishing (AFUF). Another well-known approach to improving mechanical properties including fatigue resistance is to create an ultrafinegrained (UFG) structural state in the product. This research focuses on the finite-element study of the stress-strain state of a UFG workpiece subjected to SPD by the AFUF method. Commercially pure Grade 4 titanium in the UFG state obtained by the ECAP-Conform method was chosen as a workpiece material. In the course of the study, the stress-strain state of the deformation zone was analyzed after a single indentation with subsequent unloading under the elastic-plastic scenario. The effect of the indenter oscillation amplitude and its geometry on radial residual stresses including their depth of occurrence, average normal stress and strain intensity was analyzed. It was found that as the indenter radius increases, the strain intensity (e) value decreases. The e parameter distribution has a gradient nature with a decrease in values from the surface to the center of the workpiece. An analysis of simulation results shows that radial residual stresses in the deformation zone are predominantly compressive, and, accordingly, they will increase the fatigue resistance of the finished product. It was established that as the indenter oscillation amplitude increases, the values of compressive radial residual stresses also increase. Their maximum values reach 540 MPa at an amplitude of 75 μm with the depth of these stresses up to 0.3 mm. An increase in the indenter radius, i.e. in fact the contact area, leads to an increase in the magnitude of compressive radial residual stresses with an almost linear behavior.","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83896581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rationale for efficiency of flotation in the conditions of wetting film heating","authors":"S. Evdokimov, T. Gerasimenko","doi":"10.17073/0021-3438-2022-5-4-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17073/0021-3438-2022-5-4-18","url":null,"abstract":"When studying the aggregative stability of dispersed systems by sediment volumetry, nanobubbles are formed due to water structure imperfections in the contact area, and the coalescence of nanobubbles results in a hydrophobic attraction force. Changes in the aggregative stability of aqueous dispersions of particles can be explained as follows: water molecules with a high potential of interaction with medium molecules are difficult to flow into the interfacial gap between particle surfaces, and the outflow of water molecules with a high intensity of interaction with a solid surface is impaired. Excessive osmotic pressure between hydrophilic surfaces causes their hydrophilic repulsion, and excessive osmotic pressure of the surrounding water (reduced osmotic pressure between surfaces) causes hydrophobic attraction of the surfaces. To change the result of flotation, it is sufficient to bring the heat flow to a thin liquid layer of nanoscale thickness with the action of forces of structural origin localized inside, which determine the stability of wetting films. To increase the temperature in the interfacial gap between theparticle and the bubble due to the heat of water vapor condensation, it is proposed to use a mixture of air with hot water vapor as a gas during flotation. The developed flotation method was tested in the flotation of gold-bearing ores. The rational vapor consumption determined based on the factorial experiment results is 10.7·10–3 kg/(s·m2) at a xanthate consumption of 1.74 g/t. The rougher flotation operation used a jet method of flotation circuit design, which provides for the combination of the initial feed and the rough concentrate. In comparison with ore flotation according to the factory scheme, the yield of concentrate sent for hydrometallurgical processing is 23.4 rel.% less while maintaining the gold recovery level achieved.","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74240059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deforming devices with a power drive made of a shape memory material Design solutions, calculation and design procedure","authors":"V. Alekhina, V. Glushchenkov, F. Grechnikov","doi":"10.17073/0021-3438-2022-5-26-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17073/0021-3438-2022-5-26-35","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents engineering solutions developed to create deforming devices with a power drive made of a shape memory material. As an example, the paper considers designs of a press, a stamp press made using new designs of multi-link power drives. A method is proposed for engineering a universal multi-link power drive with power elements made of a thermally thin shape memory material. The paper provides the analysis of thermal processes in power elements of various shapes, geometric dimensions and using different methods of their heating (current transmission heating, convective and radiant heat exchange) to determine the efficiency of the engineered devices. Processing and operational properties of thermally thin power elements of a multi-link power drive are investigated. To determine their qualitative and quantitative indicators, a measuring bench was created with such functions as recording the amperage, temperature change, displacement, and developed forces on a single time scale. A relationship between the heating rate, rate of operating force development and return deformation force was found. A line of universal power drives with a developed deformation force of 500–10000 N and a displacement of 1.0–8.0 mm was created based on the calculations performed with the results of their testing and use in existing models of deforming devices presented.","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87334393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hereditary Influence of Deformed Waste on the Efficiency of Modification of Alloy Systems Al–Si–Mg and Al–Mg","authors":"K. V. Nikitin,&nbsp;V. I. Nikitin,&nbsp;I. Yu. Timoshkin,&nbsp;R. M. Biktimirov,&nbsp;A. P. Novikov","doi":"10.3103/S1067821222040113","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1067821222040113","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The results of studies on the effect of the charge composition on the structure and mechanical properties of cast aluminum alloys of the Al–Si–Mg (AK9ch) and Al–Mg (AMg6l) systems are presented. It is shown that the contribution of deformed waste in the composition of the charge (electrical waste of aluminum and waste of beverage cans based on alloy 3104—for AK9ch; alloy plates AMg6—for AMg6l) contributes to the formation of dispersed micro- and macrostructure of working alloys in the solid state. The effect of modification (AlSr20 master alloy—for AK9ch; AlTi5 master alloy—for AMg6l) on the structure and mechanical properties of alloys obtained by various charge variants is investigated. Experiments on the effect of the charge composition on the modifiability of AK9ch and AMg6l alloys have shown that the structure of the deformed waste is partially inherited by working alloys through the liquid state. With similar chemical compositions, smaller micro- and macrostructure sizes and increased mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation under tension) are characteristic of alloys obtained using an increased proportion of deformed waste in the composition of the charge. It was found that, in alloys with an increased proportion of deformed waste, exceeding a certain amount of the modifier element (0.06% Sr for the AK9h alloy; 0.04% Ti for the AMg6l alloy) causes the manifestation of the effect of overmodification. This is expressed in the enlargement of the parameters of the micro- and macrostructure, as well as a decrease in the tensile strength. The results obtained show that the optimal amount of the proportion of deformed waste in the composition of the charge will make it possible in practice to reduce the consumption of expensive modifying ligatures with a guaranteed effect of modification.</p>","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"63 4","pages":"400 - 408"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4642144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure and Properties of Al–Cu–Yb Alloy with Iron and Silicon Impurities","authors":"M. V. Barkov,&nbsp;O. I. Mamzurina,&nbsp;M. V. Glavatskikh,&nbsp;R. Yu. Barkov,&nbsp;A. V. Pozdniakov","doi":"10.3103/S1067821222040034","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1067821222040034","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effect of iron and silicon impurities on the phase composition and properties of the Al–4.3Cu–2.2Yb quasi-binary alloy has been determined. In the microstructure of the cast alloy, in addition to the aluminum solid solution and dispersed eutectic ((Al) + Al₈Cu₄Yb), in which about 1% of iron is dissolved, the Al₃Yb/(Al,Cu)₁₇Yb₂ and Al₈₀Yb₅Cu₆Si₈ phases are identified, which are not found in an alloy of a similar composition without impurities. After homogenization annealing at a temperature of 590°C for 3 h, the structure is represented by compact fragmented and coagulated intermetallic compounds 1–2 μm in size and a solid solution (Al) with a maximum copper content of 2.1%. The hardness of the deformed sheets significantly decreases after 0.5 h and changes slightly up to 6 h of annealing at temperatures of 150–210°C. After annealing at 180°C for 3 h, a substructure with a subgrain size of 200–400 nm is formed in the alloy structure. The softening after annealing of the rolled sheets at temperatures up to 250°C occurs owing to the recovery and polygonization processes and above 300°C owing to recrystallization. After annealing for 1 h at 300°C, the recrystallized grain size is 7 μm. The grain size increases to 16 µm after annealing for 1 h at 550°C. The Al–4.3Cu–2.2Yb alloy with impurities has a conditional yield strength of 205–273 MPa, a tensile strength of 215–302 MPa, and a relative elongation of 2.3–5.6% in the rolled alloy after annealing. Iron and silicon impurities do not lead to the formation of coarse lamellar intermetallic phases and do not reduce the ductility of the investigated alloy.</p>","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"63 4","pages":"434 - 440"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4322325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity of Ag2S/Ag Nanocomposite Precipitated from Silver Thiosulfate Complex through Ultraviolet Photolysis","authors":"Chao Han,&nbsp;Jialong Cao,&nbsp;Chu Cheng,&nbsp;Panpan Xu,&nbsp;Guangxin Wang,&nbsp;Jiwen Li","doi":"10.3103/S1067821222040046","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1067821222040046","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The thiosulfate system for silver extraction has numerous characteristics such as high efficiency, low consumption, and environmental protection, and it has good application prospects. However, the high cost of metal recovery in thiosulfate systems limits its industrial application. A previous study indicated that Ag₂S/Ag nanocomposite clouds were precipitated from silver thiosulfate complex (AgTS) through ultraviolet photolysis, whereas the semiconductor-metal nanopowders synthesized through the hydrothermal synthesis process are usually important composites that can be used in photocatalysis, broad-spectrum antibacterial, and other environmental fields. Therefore, this study aims to develop high-value utilization of AgTS hydrometallurgical systems based on the photocatalytic properties of nanocomposites, and proposes research on the visible-light photocatalytic activity of Ag₂S/Ag photocatalytic systems precipitated from AgTS through ultraviolet photolysis. First, the morphology and optical properties of the Ag₂S/Ag nanocomposite were investigated. Next, the visible light photocatalytic activity of the Ag₂S/Ag nanocomposite was evaluated, and finally, the new high-value utilization research method of “ultraviolet absorption → ultraviolet photolysis → photocatalysis” was proposed. In this study, we demonstrate a novel method of high-value utilization of silver thiosulfate lixivium with a high photocatalytic efficiency of the Ag₂S/Ag nanocomposite of up to 47.98% after three cycles.</p>","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"63 4","pages":"369 - 378"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4325066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rational Technology for Separation of Rare-Earth Elements of the Yttrium Group","authors":"A. V. Valkov,&nbsp;V. I. Petrov","doi":"10.3103/S1067821222040125","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1067821222040125","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The features of the extraction technology for the separation of rare-earth elements (REEs) of the yttrium group are considered with regard to the sharp reduction in the price of individual oxides. The price reduction has the same nature as the low prices of lanthanum and cerium oxides and is associated with a predominant increase in the consumption of praseodymium and neodymium and a slow increase in the consumption of other REEs, with the exception of terbium and dysprosium. Since all REEs are extracted from rare-earth concentrates, less in demand ones are stored or sold at very low prices. Elements such as samarium, europium, gadolinium, and dysprosium are used in high-tech instruments and devices. In this case, it is possible to allow the operation of low-profit production, but technological solutions must certainly be built taking into account the minimum costs and be the most economically effective. The authors propose a technology for separating elements of the yttrium group including the stages of isolation of yttrium in a single-stage mode by extraction with a mixture of three extractants (25 vol % trialkylmethylammonium nitrate–20 vol % tributyl phosphate–20 vol % higher isomeric carboxylic acid), followed by separation of the triad of elements samarium–europium–gadolinium by extraction with organophosphoric acids (30 vol % solution of di-2-ethylhexylphosphoric acid or 30 vol % solution of bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)-phosphinic acid). In the last operation, concentrates of the yttrium group REEs are isolated simultaneously. The process is carried out in the mode of complete internal irrigation using a 30 vol % solution of bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)-phosphinic acid as an extractant. First, all cells of the cascade are filled with the initial solution. Separation zones are formed in the cells of the cascade with the accumulation of terbium–dysprosium, holmium–erbium, and thulium–ytterbium–lutetium concentrates. After the accumulation of products, the solution of concentrates is drained from the cells and the process starts again. If there is a need for any element of the yttrium group, the corresponding binary or ternary concentrate is separated to isolate the required element.</p>","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"63 4","pages":"385 - 391"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4320840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}