Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Nitriding on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AA7075 Alloy","authors":"I. A. Panchenko,&nbsp;S. V. Konovalov,&nbsp;V. K. Drobyshev,&nbsp;D. N. Labinsky,&nbsp;Y. G. Khusainov,&nbsp;A. Yu. Nazarov","doi":"10.1134/S1067821225600048","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1067821225600048","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, we investigated the 7075 aluminum alloy obtained by casting in the as-delivered condition and after nitriding the alloy in an arc discharge using a plasma source with a hot cathode at a temperature of 350°C for 2 h in a gas mixture of 50% argon and 50% nitrogen, 0.5 Pa, 500 V. The surface of the sample after nitriding was represented by a grain structure with a nonuniform distribution of manganese, iron, and oxygen atoms. Nitriding contributed to an increase in the nanohardness of the material to 1.4 GPa and the Young’s modulus to 132 GPa, owing to the formation of a modified layer after nitriding the alloy surface. The depth of the nitrided layer of the studied aluminum samples was nonuniform and varied from 5 to 10 µm; in the cross section of the studied layer, areas with increased oxygen and manganese content were detected using the elemental mapping method. The average value of the crystal lattice parameter after nitriding of the material changed from 4.035 to 4.047 Å. This increase in the crystal lattice parameter may be associated with the formation of tensile macrostresses, which affect the mechanical properties of the material.</p>","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"65 3","pages":"162 - 169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the Nature of Pitting Corrosion of Gold Coins","authors":"B. V. Syrnev,&nbsp;F. S. Tuganbaev,&nbsp;A. B. Sadibekov,&nbsp;E. N. Ivashchenko,&nbsp;N. A. Kulenova,&nbsp;M. A. Sadenova,&nbsp;N. V. Seraya","doi":"10.1134/S1067821224600340","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1067821224600340","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The paper presents the results of studies on the causes of defects on gold coins of Kazakhstani production—“zones of discoloration” which grow during storage. On the basis of the analysis of foreign research papers, it is shown that this phenomenon is also observed in products of mints in other countries. As shown by the results of studies, using the method of X-ray spectral microanalysis, the genesis of these defects is determined by ingress of silver microparticles, sulfur compounds, and atmospheric air moisture on the surface of gold coins. As a result of chemical reaction, hemioxide Ag₂O and hemisulfide Ag₂S are formed. Sulfuric acid electrolyte, formed on the surface of coins, contributes to the migration of silver ions and growth of defects. Depending on the time, the size, thickness, and composition of the pitting corrosion center do change, which causes formation of “discoloration zones.”</p>","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"65 3","pages":"170 - 177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research of the Influence Friction Stir Welding on the Mechanical Properties of Welded Joints with Aluminum and Copper Alloys","authors":"R. A. Rzaev,&nbsp;L. M. Gurevich","doi":"10.1134/S1067821225600012","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1067821225600012","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The article considers the influence of the parameters of friction stir welding modes on the formation of the outer surface and microstructure of the welded joint of sheets made of aluminum (AD1) and pure copper (M1). Changing the rotation speed of the welding tool from 600 to 1000 rpm and the range of welding speed from 20 to 100 mm/min allows one to control the amount of input energy, which allows one to transfer the welded materials to a plastic state. The paper considers the thermal cycles measured under the shoulder of the welding tool from the side of aluminum and copper sheets. The maximum temperature was 900 K on pure copper. The parameters of the welding modes also affect the formation of intermetallic layers. If the thickness of the intermetallic layer does not exceed 4–5 μm, then increased values of the mechanical strength of the welded dissimilar joint are observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"65 3","pages":"178 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoindentation and Nanoscratch Testing for the Mechanical Characterization of Stealth Thin Film Coatings","authors":"Rohit Bharti,&nbsp;Mohammad Mursaleen Butt,&nbsp;Abhijit Dey","doi":"10.1134/S1067821224600686","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1067821224600686","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The study explores the mechanical assessment of thin film coatings through nanoindentation and nanoscratch testing methodologies, crucial for understanding and enhancing their mechanical properties. It examines the composition, microstructure, and behavior of various thin films, such as ZrAlN, TiCrN, and rGOF/EP, under different test settings. Nanoindentation measures hardness, elastic modulus, and plasticity index, providing insights into the impact of filler content and matrix interactions. The study highlights the importance of correct filler quantities and stoichiometric ratios for desired mechanical properties, as evidenced by nanoscratch testing, which measures adhesive strength, elastic restitution, and scratch resistance. Comprehensive testing in diverse settings and precise management of film composition and microstructure are emphasized to achieve optimal mechanical properties. Future research may explore novel materials, refine testing procedures, and develop predictive models, making nanoindentation and nanoscratch testing essential for advancing high-performance thin film coatings.</p>","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"65 3","pages":"151 - 161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of the Acoustic Emission Technique for Studying Kinetics of Corrosion Processes in the ZK60 Magnesium Alloy","authors":"E. D. Merson,&nbsp;V. A. Poluyanov,&nbsp;P. N. Myagkikh,&nbsp;D. L. Merson","doi":"10.1134/S1067821224600923","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1067821224600923","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Low corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys is a challenging problem that hinders their wide implementation in industry and medicine. In this regard, the study of the mechanisms and patterns of corrosion processes in magnesium and its alloys, including the analysis of the kinetics of these processes, is an urgent task. However, the set of methods available for studying the kinetics of corrosion with sufficient time resolution is very limited. Several studies have been published that demonstrated the high sensitivity of the acoustic emission (AE) method to corrosion processes occurring on the surface of magnesium alloys. Although these studies suggested that AE is associated with the release of hydrogen bubbles accompanying corrosion, no direct relationship has yet been established between the amount of hydrogen released and the AE characteristics. The present study aims at filling this gap. To conduct the study, a special setup with a corrosion cell was developed that allows monitoring changes in the volume of hydrogen released from the corroding surface of the sample, concurrently with recording AE signals and changes in the open-circuit potential (OCP) accompanying the corrosion process. Using this technique, the corrosion of ZK60 alloy in a 0.9% NaCl solution was examined. It was found that intense AE accompanied the corrosion process of this alloy from the beginning to the end of the test. A correlation was found between the AE characteristics, the volume of released hydrogen, and the OCP values at various intervals of the test. In particular, a linear relationship was discovered between the number of AE signals and the volume of hydrogen released during the corrosion process. The sensitivity of the method based on AE registration to the released hydrogen volume is shown to be several orders of magnitude higher than that of the conventional method of collecting hydrogen using a burette.</p>","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"65 3","pages":"142 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship between Temperature and Reinforcement Amount in the Wear Performance of TiC Reinforced AMCs Produced by Mechanical Alloying Method","authors":"Dogan Simsek,&nbsp;Dursun Ozyurek","doi":"10.1134/S1067821224600960","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1067821224600960","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, the wear performance of TiC reinforced A356 matrix composite materials produced by the mechanical alloying method at high temperatures was investigated. As a solid lubricant, 2% graphite, and four different amounts (3, 6, 9, and 12%) of TiC were added to the A356 alloy matrix. The prepared powders were mechanically alloyed in a planetary mill for 4 h. The composite powders produced were cold shaped (750 MPa) to obtain green compacts. The green compacts produced were sintered at 550°C for 60 min in a vacuum environment of 10^–6 mbar. TiC reinforced AMCs have been characterized by microstructure, hardness, and density measurements. Wear tests were carried out in a standard pin on disc type wear tester by adding a temperature module. In wear tests, two different loads (10 and 30 N), five different temperatures (20, 100, 180, 260, and 340°C), and three different sliding distances (53, 72, and 94 m) have been used. As a result of microstructure studies, it has been observed that the reinforcement material exhibits a homogeneous distribution in the structure. In hardness and density measurements, the highest hardness and density were obtained in the composite material with 12% TiC added. As a result of wear tests, the lowest weight loss was obtained in the composite material with 12% TiC added at all operating temperatures.</p>","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"65 3","pages":"133 - 141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Microalloying on Hot Deformation Behavior of 8021 Aluminum Alloy","authors":"Qirui Sun,&nbsp;Wei Wang","doi":"10.1134/S106782122460073X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S106782122460073X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A comparative study of the hot deformation of the aluminum (8021) alloy with and without Sr addition under the conditions of deformation temperature of 350–500°C and strain rate of 0.01–10 s^–1 has been performed. The effect of adding 0.4% Sr on the microstructure of the alloy was investigated by EBSD and TEM, and the constitutive equations for the 8021 aluminum alloy with and without Sr were established. The results show that the hot activation energy decreases from 225.69 to 217.72 kJ/mol with the addition of 0.4% Sr to the alloy, which expands the safe processing range of the 8021 aluminum alloy. Compared with the alloy without Sr, the alloy with 0.4% Sr has a lower ln(<i>Z</i>) value. Adding Sr to the alloy decreases the density of dislocations, and it promotes the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization in the alloy, with an increase in the number of subgrains. The hot deformation behavior of the 8021 aluminum alloy is important for optimizing the alloy’s processing parameters and provides a reference for the industrial application of the 8021 aluminum alloy.</p>","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"65 2","pages":"69 - 80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure and Properties of Copper-Coated Titanium Nitride Particle-Reinforced Copper Matrix Graphite Composites","authors":"Yu-nan Tian,&nbsp;Li Wei,&nbsp;Xiu-mei Wang,&nbsp;Zhuo Li,&nbsp;Zhi-he Dou,&nbsp;Ting-an Zhang","doi":"10.1134/S1067821224600388","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1067821224600388","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, titanium nitride particles (TNPs) reinforced copper-matrix graphite composites were prepared by powder metallurgy, in which copper-coated (Cu-coated) graphite (2 wt %) was used as solid lubricating phase and uncoated/Cu-coated TNPs (0, 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 wt %) was used as reinforcing phase. The effects of uncoated/Cu-coated TNPs on microstructure, density, porosity and mechanical properties of composites were studied and compared. The strengthening and wear mechanism of uncoated/Cu-coated TNPs in copper-matrix graphite composites were investigated. The results showed that electroless copper plating on the surface of TNPs can effectively improve the wettability between TNPs and copper matrix. In composites reinforced by Cu-coated TNPs, TNPs have a better interface bonding state with the matrix. Under the same content of TNPs, composites reinforced by Cu-coated TNPs have lower porosity, wear, friction coefficient, higher hardness and compressive strength than those reinforced by uncoated TNPs. TNPs can effectively strengthen the friction surface of composites. In processes of friction, TNPs will form a titanium oxide protective film on friction surfaces, which makes composites exhibit better self-lubrication, thus reducing the peeling wear. Copper plating can effectively reduce spalling of TNPs and weaken the abrasive wear and exfoliation wear of composites. Considering wear and friction coefficient, composites containing 3 wt % Cu-coated TNPs, exhibited better friction and wear resistance properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"65 2","pages":"103 - 112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production of the VZh159-BrKhTsrT Multi-Material Using Selective Laser Melting Method","authors":"A. V. Repnin,&nbsp;E. V. Borisov,&nbsp;A. A. Popovich,&nbsp;A. I. Shamshurin","doi":"10.1134/S1067821224600947","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1067821224600947","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The use of multiple materials in the design and manufacturing of components enhances their operational characteristics. The application of additive technologies is promising for creating complex multi-material products. There are prospects for producing multi-material components from heat-resistant alloys, including nickel alloys, for the aerospace industry. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of printing parameters using selective laser melting on the porosity and structure of bronze alloy BrKhTsrT V and VZh159, including the effect of heat treatment on the structure, chemical and phase composition, and the hardness of the transition zone in multi-materials. Multi-material samples were manufactured using an SLM 280HL selective laser melting system. Various regimes were used to study the impact of printing parameters on the porosity in the transition zone of the multi-material samples. On the basis of results of the conducted research, the following conclusions were drawn: only a significant increase in energy leads to a reduction in porosity in the transition zones of multi-material samples. Heat treatment according to regimes characteristic of the BrKhTsrT V alloy and the VZh159 alloy does not have a significant effect on the microstructure and chemical composition of the transition zones. The sizes of the transition zones were evaluated, measuring 300 µm when building the BrKhTsrT V alloy on VZh159 and 250 µm when building the VZh159 alloy on BrKhTsrT V, respectively. After heat treatment typical for each alloy, peaks corresponding to the phases of both alloys are observed in the transition zones. Different heat treatments significantly affect the microhardness of the alloys for which they are standard.</p>","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"65 2","pages":"122 - 131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on Mechanical Characteristics and Fracture Surface Morphology of the Ti-Surface-Modified AK5M2 Alloy","authors":"A. A. Serebryakova,&nbsp;D. V. Zaguliaev,&nbsp;V. V. Shlyarov,&nbsp;Yu. A. Shliarova,&nbsp;Yu. F. Ivanov,&nbsp;A. M. Ustinov","doi":"10.1134/S1067821224600959","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1067821224600959","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The modification of metals and alloys by the external energy deposition methods makes it possible to locally strengthen the surface layer of parts and assemblies made of aluminum alloys. This study is aimed at revealing the regularities of the effect of electron beam processing modes on the mechanical characteristics and fracture surface morphology of the Ti-surface-modified AK5M2 alloy. The authors used the methods of modern physical materials science. The surface of the AK5M2 alloy was modified with a Ti film by the vacuum arc method. The modified samples of the AK5M2 alloy were irradiated with an intense pulsed electron beam in modes differing in the energy density of the electron beam (from 10 to 50 J/cm²). Mechanical tests were carried out by uniaxial tension to fracture of the alloy samples in the original state and the modified samples before and after the irradiation in five modes. Using scanning electron microscopy, the authors carried out a fractographic analysis of the fracture surface of the samples obtained as a result of tension. The development of a unique method for modifying the AK5M2 alloy makes it possible to improve its strength and morphological properties compared to the material in its original state. As a result of the mechanical tests, the authors determined the values of yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and relative residual elongation and narrowing at fracture. The dependence between the change in the deformation characteristics and the structure of the fracture surface on the electron-beam processing modes was established. On the basis of the tests performed on the samples of the Ti-surface-modified AK5M2 alloy, the authors revealed a mode of electron-beam processing leading to the formation of a surface structure characterized by higher mechanical properties. The Ti surface modification of the AK5M2 alloy after electron-beam processing in a mode using an electron beam energy density of 30 J/cm² results in an increase in the strength characteristics. The parameters of this mode can be used for local hardening of parts made of this alloy, for example, bush bearings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"65 2","pages":"113 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}