Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals最新文献

{"title":"Development and Mechanical Properties of Ceramic-Reinforced Hypoeutectic Al Alloy Functionally Graded Materials Produced by Centrifugal Casting: A Machine Learning-Enhanced Constitutive Modeling Approach","authors":"Chahinez Medjane,&nbsp;Abdelhakim Benslimane,&nbsp;Oussama Djema,&nbsp;Liamine Kaba,&nbsp;Hind Mansour,&nbsp;Ridha Badi,&nbsp;Nadir Mesrati","doi":"10.1134/S1067821225601170","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1067821225601170","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study presents a systematic investigation of ceramic-reinforced AlSi10 functionally graded materials through optimized centrifugal casting combined with machine learning-enhanced constitutive modeling. Processing parameters were systematically optimized using twelve experimental specimens with rotation speeds of 600, 1200 and 1800 rpm, with 1200 rpm yielding consistent compositional gradients within the investigated rotational range. Characterization focused on Al₂O₃, graphite, and SiC reinforcements at 1.26 wt % loading under controlled conditions (400°C mold temperature, 850°C casting temperature). Spatial hardness mapping confirmed the formation of functionally graded microstructure with maximum gradients of 1.34 HV/mm, demonstrating effective density-driven particle segregation. Graphite reinforcement achieved optimal performance with 177.4 MPa ultimate tensile strength and 24.9% elongation, representing 14.8 and 13.1% improvements over the matrix. Machine learning algorithms were employed for constitutive parameter identification, with the Hockett–Sherby formulation providing close fits to experimental flow curves (<i>R</i>² = 0.998). This approach provides baseline data for FGM process-property relationships for aluminum-silicon based functionally graded components.</p>","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"67 1","pages":"13 - 30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147606462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Aluminum Alloying on the Structure and Properties of TiC–Graphite–Al SHS Composites","authors":"E. R. Umerov,&nbsp;A. P. Amosov,&nbsp;E. I. Latukhin,&nbsp;A. D. Kachura,&nbsp;I. A. Rastegaev,&nbsp;M. A. Afanasiev","doi":"10.1134/S1067821225601224","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1067821225601224","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The study investigates the possibility of using self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) in open air to produce porous titanium carbide skeletons containing free graphite, designed for spontaneous infiltration with Al–5% Cu and Al–5% Si melts prepared in a furnace at 900°C. Hybrid composites TiC–C(graphite)–(Al–5% Cu) and TiC–C(graphite)–(Al–5% Si) were obtained with relatively homogeneous structures and average densities of 3.06 and 2.94 g/cm³. The microstructure, phase composition, physical–mechanical and tribological characteristics were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), hydrostatic density measurement, compressive strength tests, and pin-on-disk tribometry. Secondary phases in the composites include Al₄C₃, Al₂O₃, and TiAl₃. Reduced interfacial chemical activity was observed in TiC–C(graphite)–(Al–5% Cu). Tribological tests revealed enhanced wear resistance with predominantly abrasive wear mechanisms. Compared to pure Al, TiC–C composites infiltrated with Al–5% Si and Al–5% Cu exhibited significantly better tribological performance: the addition of 5% Si and 5% Cu reduced the friction coefficient by 17 and 34%, counter body wear by 21 and 71%, and composite wear by 1.8 and 3.5 times, respectively. The best tribological results were achieved for TiC–C–(Al–5% Cu). The conventional yield strength was: Al–5% Si (92.8 ± 13.1 MPa), Al–5% Cu (128.7 ± 17.2 MPa), TiC–C–(Al–5% Si) (191.0 ± 29.7 MPa), TiC–C–(Al–5% Cu) (208.3 ± 58.1 MPa). Thus, the addition of a TiC–C skeleton increased the yield strength of Al alloys by 1.6–2 times.</p>","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"67 1","pages":"100 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147606568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visualization of the Skin-Effect under Electric Pulsing and Its Influence on Structure and Strength of Cryorolled Aluminum Alloy","authors":"A. Kh. Valeeva,&nbsp;I. Sh. Valeev,&nbsp;M. V. Markushev","doi":"10.1134/S1067821225601388","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1067821225601388","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Using a high-speed thermal imaging camera, the temperature field on the surface of a 3 × 3 mm square sample of cryorolled high-strength aluminum alloy was recorded and analyzed during high-dense electropulsed processing. Uneven heating of the surface was observed, manifested by elevated temperatures in areas adjacent to the fins. The results of a comparative analysis of the alloy microstructure changes by SEM-EBSD method and the microhardness distributions along the specimen cross-section, induced by a current pulsing, are discussed. It was found that in zones of increased heating adjacent to the specimen’s surfaces, static processes of recovery and recrystallization of the highly work-hardened structure were more intense and accompanied by greater softening. It is concluded that this phenomenon is caused by the skin-effect inherent to electropulse treatment. Good agreement is demonstrated between the depth of the softened layer and the calculated current penetration depth into the conductor.</p>","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"67 1","pages":"31 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147606565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Production Technology and Subsequent Deformation Treatment on the Microstructure and Properties of the Al–0.5Fe Alloy","authors":"A. E. Medvedev,&nbsp;A. F. Shaikhulova,&nbsp;O. O. Zhukova,&nbsp;N. A. Enikeev,&nbsp;M. M. Motkov,&nbsp;M. Yu. Murashkin","doi":"10.1134/S1067821225601297","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1067821225601297","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Two alloys with similar chemical composition—Al–0.5 wt % Fe were produced via two different production technology being casting into electromagnetic mold (EMC) and continuous casting and rolling (CCR), respectively. Production methods provided different cooling rates resulting in different structure formation and sets of properties, such as mechanical strength, elongation to failure and electrical conductivity. Samples of the alloys were subjected to the combination of the equal-channel angular pressing by the “Conform” scheme and cold drawing (ECAP-С + CD), as well as cold drawing (CD) only. It was demonstrated that the difference in production process provided distinct structural states, mainly different in size and distribution of the intermetallic particles. Differences in the morphology of the intermetallic particles notably affected the physical and mechanical properties of the alloys, mainly electrical conductivity. Thermal stability of the alloys, measured according to the international standard for thermal-resistant aluminium alloy wire for overhead line conductor, differs as well, depending on the particle morphology—EMC alloy retains 94–98% of its ultimate tensile strength after annealing, while CCR alloy only 60–83%.</p>","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"67 1","pages":"1 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147606344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Microstructural, Mechanical and Wear Properties of Friction Stir Processed AA 5082/TiC Composite","authors":"Manish Maurya,&nbsp;Ambrish Maurya,&nbsp;Sudhir Kumar,&nbsp;Ram Jatan Yadav","doi":"10.1134/S1067821225601431","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1067821225601431","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Friction stir processing (FSP) derived from friction stir welding is a novel method to produce composite through a solid metallurgical route. Friction stir processing (FSP), method was used to develop AA 5082/TiC surface composite. Reinforcement weight percentage was varied from 2 to 10 wt %. Microstructural and mechanical properties were analysed AA 5082/B₄C surface composite. SEM was carried out to detect the microstructure of the fabricated composite. SEM results revealed the existence and uniform dispersal of ceramic particles. Mechanical tests such as tensile strength, hardness, wear, EDS and fractography was performed for the developed AA 5082/TiC composite. Experimental results revealed that tensile strength and hardness was found to be 372.23 MPa and 73.8 BHN. Corrosion weight loss and wear was also reduced for the developed composite material in comparison to base alloy.</p>","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"67 1","pages":"69 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147606567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation of Shear Strength of St/Al–B4C Layered Circular Hybrid Composite Materials According to Production Parameters","authors":"Abdullah Göçer,&nbsp;Erkan Yılmaz,&nbsp;Mehmet Baki Karamış","doi":"10.1134/S1067821225601364","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1067821225601364","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, the interface bond strength of St/Al–B₄C circular composite materials obtained by combining steel and MMC material with the aim of high strength and low density was investigated. The sheath of the circular composite material was determined as AISI 4140, and the core was determined as Al2024/B₄C. The pre-product form of the composite materials was created by the powder-in-tube method. The final shaping of composites was carried out by the rod drawing method. Production parameters were B₄C particle size and reinforcement ratio, deformation extent, and rod drawing process temperature. The shear strengths of the composite materials were compared according to these variables. The results showed that the main factor increasing the interface bond strength was the deformation extent. Also, shear strength values decreased with the increase of process temperature. In the materials produced at low temperatures, the shear strength decreased with the increase of B₄C particle size. With the increase of B₄C reinforcement and reinforcement ratio, the shear strength values increased. However, the materials produced under room temperature conditions started to decrease at the ratio of 25% reinforcement.</p>","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"67 1","pages":"111 - 124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147606566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Local Deformation by Scratching the Surface of the Magnesium Biodegradable Alloy ZX10 on the Initiation and Propagation of Filiform Corrosion","authors":"P. N. Myagkikh,&nbsp;E. D. Merson,&nbsp;V. A. Poluyanov,&nbsp;A. A. Sergeev,&nbsp;D. L. Merson","doi":"10.1134/S106782122560142X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S106782122560142X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bioresorbable magnesium alloys are a promising material for the manufacture of self-dissolving surgical implants. Since the process of biological resorption is essentially corrosion, it is important to have a complete understanding of the influence of various factors on corrosion. The scientific literature contains numerous works devoted to the influence of such factors as the crystallographic orientation of grains, the presence and nature of the distribution of secondary phase particles in the volume of the metal, and their electrode potential on the corrosion properties of magnesium. Unfortunately, the influence of local deformation of the material on its corrosion characteristics has not been studied in sufficient detail. In some of our previous works, the spread of filiform corrosion on the surface of ZX10 alloy was observed along scratches that marked the area under study. This observation led to the hypothesis that locally deformed material might be vulnerable to this type of damage. This work is devoted to confirming this hypothesis. Using a Vickers diamond pyramid, scratches were applied to the surface of extruded ZX10 alloy samples with a force of 5, 15, and 30 N, after which the samples were tested by immersion at a temperature of 37°C in solutions simulating the ionic composition of human blood plasma: Ringer, SBF, and PBS. During the tests, video monitoring of the sample surface was used, as well as recording of the open circuit potential. After testing, the composition of corrosion products and the morphology of corrosion damage were analyzed in a scanning electron microscope column. The hypothesis was fully confirmed: in all three solutions, the initiation and spread of filiform corrosion in the deformed scratch material was recorded; however, no correlation was found between the onset time of filiform corrosion and the scribing force. A study of the filiform corrosion products showed that the mechanism of its propagation is probably the same for all three solutions, but in the case of SBF and PBS solutions, the surface area affected by filiform corrosion is significantly smaller than in Ringer’s solution. This indicates that the presence of phosphate ions in the solution has a significant effect on the formation of filiform corrosion products and the inhibition of its spread.</p>","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"67 1","pages":"56 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147606569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetics of Phase Transformations in the Zn–0.8% Li Alloy","authors":"O. B. Kulyasova,&nbsp;V. V. Astanin,&nbsp;R. F. Almukhametov,&nbsp;A. R. Khasanova,&nbsp;Dandan Xia,&nbsp;Yufeng Zheng","doi":"10.1134/S1067821225601261","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1067821225601261","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recent research has shown that zinc alloys are among the most promising materials for bioresorbable (biosoluble) implants. This paper presents the phase transformation of a new promising bioresorbable alloy, Zn–0.8Li. It was found that after quenching from 300°C, the alloy has a structure consisting of a mixture of two isomorphic supersaturated solid solutions: a Li solution in the zinc phase and a Zn solution in the primary crystallites of the LiZn₄ phase. During subsequent aging for 20–50 h at room temperature, the alloy undergoes natural aging, during which thin (approximately 1 μm thick) zinc plates precipitate in the LiZn₄ phase, and submicron LiZn₄ particles precipitate in the zinc phase. The phase transformation pattern during aging was obtained based on the results of X-ray diffraction analysis, SEM microstructural studies, and electrical conductivity studies at different stages of natural aging. The maximum microhardness value is achieved after 48 h of aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"67 1","pages":"91 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147606342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Texture and Distribution of Second-Phase Particles on the Corrosion Anisotropy of Extruded ZX10 Magnesium Alloy Assessed with the Aid of Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy","authors":"E. D. Merson,&nbsp;V. A. Poluyanov,&nbsp;P. N. Myagkikh,&nbsp;V. A. Danilov,&nbsp;A. V. Danyuk,&nbsp;A. I. Brilevskiy,&nbsp;D. L. Merson","doi":"10.1134/S1067821225601492","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1067821225601492","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The work investigated the anisotropy of corrosion properties of extruded low-alloy magnesium alloy ZX10 in two orthogonal sections (longitudinal TD and transverse ED). Using the EBSD and SEM methods, it was established that the TD section is characterized by the dominance of grains with a basal orientation and a stringer-like distribution of second-phase particles (relative area ~0.1%) oriented along the extrusion direction. In the ED section, the prismatic-pyramidal texture predominates, the particles are distributed more evenly, and their relative area is smaller than in the longitudinal section (~0.065%). Corrosion tests in 0.9% NaCl at 37°C for 168 h showed that the integral corrosion rates (determined by mass and volume loss) for both sections are similar, despite the different texture. However, detailed quantitative analysis of damage morphology using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) revealed significant differences in the nature of pitting corrosion. In the TD section, a larger relative area of pits was observed (14% versus 6% in ED), but their average depth was smaller (90 versus 186 µm) and their axial growth rate was two times lower. It has been shown that the initiation and growth of pits correlate with the location of second-phase particles. It is suggested that the slight differences in the integral corrosion rate of the two sections of the extruded rod are likely explained by the opposite influence of two factors: a favorable basal texture but a high density of string-distributed particles in the TD section and, conversely, an unfavorable texture but a uniform distribution of particles in the ED section. The paper demonstrates the effectiveness of CLSM for quantitatively separating the contribution of different types of corrosion.</p>","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"67 1","pages":"79 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147606341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Study on the Influence of Heat Treatment on Microstructural, Mechanical, and Corrosion Properties of Grade 2 and Grade 5 Titanium Alloys","authors":"Hassan M. Saleh,&nbsp;Habiba H. Tolba,&nbsp;Ahmed H. Awad","doi":"10.1134/S1067821225601406","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1067821225601406","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The titanium alloys are commonly used in medical, aerospace and automotive industries due to their attractive mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, and low density. This study incorporates Ti–G2 and Ti–G5 alloys and comprehensively evaluates their mechanical and corrosion behavior after annealing and subsequent aging treatments. The as-received extruded samples were subjected to an annealing process above the β transus temperature and subjected to different cooling rates, after that aging treatment was conducted at 550°C. The results in this study revealed that the different heat treatment affects the properties and amount of phase transformation of Ti–G5 alloy, however, small variation was detected in Ti–G2 alloy. The heat treatment influenced the size, shape, and morphology of the α-phase and varied the properties of the alloys. The hardness, yield strengths, malleability, and corrosion rate of the as-received Ti–G5 alloy are 315 HV, 856.4 MPa, higher than 60%, and 0.66075 × 10^–3 mm/year, respectively. The corresponding values for the alloy annealed followed by WQ, and aged are 348 HV, 1096.2 MPa, 12.3%, and 0.13474 × 10^–3 mm/year, respectively. A trade-off between mechanical properties and corrosion was attained.</p>","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"67 1","pages":"38 - 55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147606343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}