Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals最新文献

{"title":"Influence of Ti, Sr and B additions on the fluidity of A356.2 aluminium alloy","authors":"V. Bazhenov, I. I. Baranov, A. Titov, A. Sannikov, D. Y. Ozherelkov, A. A. Lyskovich, A. Koltygin, V. Belov","doi":"10.17073/0022-3438-2021-4-55-66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17073/0022-3438-2021-4-55-66","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, aluminum alloys with silicon are the most widespread construction materials. To increase the mechanical properties of aluminum alloys, modifying by Sr, Ti, and B are used. However, in the foundries, when using scrap and secondary aluminum alloys, the modifying elements are accumulated in alloys in the form of intermetallic particles that decrease castability. This is because of the modifiers have a short time effect and are not activated when remelting. Hence it is necessary to add the modifiers without reference to intermetallic particles that are exactly presented in the melt. This work investigated the effect of Sr, Ti, and B additions on A356.2 aluminum alloy fluidity obtained by vacuum fluidity test. It was shown that when AlSr10 and AlTi5B1 commercial master alloys are used (up to 0.3 wt.% Sr and 0.5 wt.%Ti), no fluidity decrease is observed. However, adding the same quantity of Ti with the homemade AlTi4 master alloy leads to a considerable fluidity decrease. With the help of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), the microstructure and phase composition of master alloys and A356.2 alloy after the addition of mentioned master alloys were investigated. Additionally, Thermo- Calc software evaluated the influence of modifier additions on alloy phase composition and phase transition temperatures. It was established that the influence of the modifier additions on the fluidity of the A356.2 alloy is connected with the shape and size of crystals that contained modifier elements in the structure of the master alloy. When the coarse crystals of that phases are present, these crystals’ incomplete dissolution is possible, inhibiting the free melt flow.","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80851940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sergei Vladimirovich Mamyachenkov is 60 years old","authors":"A. Editorial","doi":"10.17073/0021-3438-2022-4-90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17073/0021-3438-2022-4-90","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>.</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74272735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of the structure and properties of welded zones made of Sv-AK5 welding wire at robotic surfacing","authors":"K. Nikitin, D. A. Dunaev, S. S. Zhatkin, V. I. Nikitin","doi":"10.17073/0021-3438-2022-4-67-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17073/0021-3438-2022-4-67-74","url":null,"abstract":"The study covers the effect of welding arc current (47, 57, and 67 A) on the structure and properties of deposited samples obtained by robotic electric arc surfacing. Sv-AK5 (ER4043) welding wire of the Al-Si system was used as a filler material. Surfacing was carried out on a substrate in the form of a 6 mm thick plate made of AMg6 alloy (Al-Mg system). During surfacing, a typical two-phase structure of a hypoeutectic composition is formed in samples typical for Al–Si alloys with a silicon content of 5 %. Along the height of deposited layers, there is a tendency to structure enlargement in the direction from the substrate, which is associated with the accumulation of heat in layers deposited along the height. As welding arc current increases, α-Al-based dendrites and eutectic silicon crystals are refined with an increase in the density and a decrease in the microhardness of deposited samples. The increase in density is due to the reduced proportion and size of gas pores, as well as refined structural components. The decrease in microhardness is associated with the increased proportion of the soft phase (α-Al dendrites) and decreased quantity of hard eutectic silicon crystals. The average content of silicon in samples deposited in three modes is in the range of 5.46–5.91%, which corresponds to the chemical composition of Sv-AK5 (ER4043) welding wire. Higher welding arc current contributes to an increase in the tensile strength and a slight decrease in the offset yield strength and relative elongation. The features of changes in the mechanical properties of deposited samples are determined by of the specific cast structure of deposited layers formed under conditions of directional solidification in the direction from the substrate.","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79410837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of separation and concentration techniques for impurities in rare earth-based materials for further spectral and mass spectral analysis","authors":"K. V. Petrova, V. V. Es’kina, V. B. Baranovskaya, M. Doronina, N. A. Korotkova, A. Arkhipenko","doi":"10.17073/0021-3438-2022-4-25-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17073/0021-3438-2022-4-25-44","url":null,"abstract":"The effectiveness of using materials based on rare earth elements (REE) largely depends on their impurity composition, which affects their structure and properties. Before the analytical quality control of REE-based materials and initial substances for their production, it is necessary to determine both macrocomponents and impurity elements with high sensitivity and accuracy. A complex of atomic emission and mass spectral analytical methods is often used for the determination of impurities in REE-based materials in the range from 10–5 to 5.0 wt.%. However, the analysis of such materials, even using these modern high-sensitivity methods is a difficult task due to spectral and matrix interferences. Therefore, different preliminary separation/concentration procedures are needed to determine both rare earth and other impurities. This article reviews publications is devoted to preconcentration methods for spectral and mass spectral analysis of REEbased materials and, in part, a number of other analytical techniques. It was shown that the most common approaches are liquid extraction and chromatography. Sorption, cloud-point extraction and coprecipitation are also used. There is no universal method. Each of the methods discussed in this article has its own advantages and limitations. The analytical completion of the method confirms the effectiveness of the selected separation/concentration method in each specific case.","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80731089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using reagents in the form of inverse microemulsion for lead and zinc sulfide flotation","authors":"V. I. Bragin, N. F. Usmanova, E. Burdakova, A. A. Kondratieva","doi":"10.17073/0021-3438-2022-4-15-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17073/0021-3438-2022-4-15-24","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of studies on the use of collecting agents in the form of an inverse microemulsion (IМE) of the «water in oil» type (i.e. suspended water droplets are in the oil phase) for the flotation extraction of lead and zinc minerals. Lead and zinc concentrates, lead-zinc ore were used as initial samples for flotation. The content of galena in the lead concentrate was 74.7 %, and the content of sphalerite in zinc was 78.7 %. Basic collecting agents in the IМE composition were potassium butyl xanthate (PBX) and kerosene. A nonionic surfactant (NSA) was used for IМE stabilization. Casein was used as additives to main reagents to remove the negative effect of osmotic pressure during the IМE preparation. Casein was transformed into the active soluble form using sodium sulfide. The particle size in the inverse microemulsion was 12.38 nm. In flotation tests, the following options for feeding reagents to the flotation pulp were studied: IМE, IМE + frother, potassium butyl xanthate + frother. The T-92 reagent was used as a frother. PBX consumption as part of IME and in the traditional feeding was 26 g/ton. The results of laboratory tests showed that the method of feeding flotation reagents in the form of IМE leads to both an increase in the flotation rate of lead and zinc sulfides and an increase in their recovery into a foam product. In addition to the increased flotation speed, tests with the use of IМE in the bulk lead-zinc ore flotation cycle showed an increase in extraction into the ultimate concentrate by 10.8 % for lead, by 38.5 % for zinc, in comparison with the traditional feeding of reagents (collector + frother). An increased selectivity of the IМE effect in relation to zinc sulfides, in comparison with lead sulfides, was noted. The flotation rate coefficient of sphalerite is 7.8 times greater than that of galena. An increase in extraction into the ultimate zinc concentrate is also higher and amounted to 16.78 %, while for the lead concentrate it is 1.9 % under the same conditions.","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86815632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Floatability and calculated reactivity of sulfide minerals and gold","authors":"V. Ignatkina, A. Kayumov, N. D. Yergesheva","doi":"10.17073/0021-3438-2022-4-4-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17073/0021-3438-2022-4-4-14","url":null,"abstract":"The paper provides the results of theoretical reactivity calculations for gold, molybdenum, stibnite, galena, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite and pyrite in comparison with such experimental data as the floatability of monomineral fractions with butyl xanthate, wetting angle values, changes in the kinetics of the mineral electrode potential. The following calculation series in terms of reactivity and oxidizing ability were established by calculation: Au < Sb2S3 < MoS2 < PbS < CuFeS2 < FeAsS < FeS2. During the Hallimond tube flotation, natural gold grains demonstrated the highest recovery (70 %) in the рН = 5÷7 range compared to all the studied sulfides. Molybdenite and stibnite are floated at the level of 50 % under the same conditions. As pH increases towards the alkaline region, a decrease in the floatability of all sulfides except for chalcopyrite is observed. It was established that the highest recovery is achieved when the required time of conditioning with the collector is the inverse of their reactivity. The measured wetting angle of a drop of water on an untreated surface has the highest value (78°) for a gold plate, and the lowest one (67°) for pyrite, but the latter features the greatest increase in the wetting angle (by 15°) after treatment with butyl xanthate at a concentration of 10–4 mol/l and pH = 6. For molybdenite, treatment with butyl xanthate has practically no effect on the measured wetting angle. The Sb2S3 < PbS < CuFeS2 < FeAsS < FeS2 series is determined according to the electrode potential in the рН = 2.0÷5.6 range. Theoretical calculations and experimental data obtained when studying monofractions of sulfides and gold showed that experimental conditions (pH, conditioning time, collector concentration) significantly affect the floatability. The calculated reactivity of chemical sulfide compounds and gold in comparison with experimental results proved the importance of maintaining certain flotation conditions to create contrast in the floatability of minerals.","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"117 12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84259794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of Liquid Extraction for the Purification of Solutions from the Nickel Production of JSC Kola MMC from Impurities","authors":"L. V. Dyakova,&nbsp;A. G. Kasikov,&nbsp;M. V. Jeleznova","doi":"10.3103/S1067821222030051","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1067821222030051","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Studies of the extraction of impurities of calcium(II), magnesium(II), boron(III), and chloride ions from sulfate-chloride nickel solutions have been carried out. As extractants, we used di-2-ethylhexylphosphoric acid (D2EHPA), di-(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272), trialkylamine (TAA), tributyl phosphate (TBP), and aliphatic alcohols: octanol-1, 2-ethylhexanol, and a by-product of its production—distillation residue (TPRD). According to the results of research, it was established that a mixture of 40% TAA in 2-octanone and TPRD exhibits a high extraction ability with respect to boron(III); the degree of boron extraction is 60.7 and 74.5%, respectively. The effect of the acidity of the aqueous phase and the composition of organic mixtures on the extraction ability of organophosphorus acids D2EHPA and Cyanex272 in the extraction of calcium(II) and magnesium(II) was studied. The optimal concentration of individual extractants was found to be 20 vol % in Escaid 100 solvent and the composition of the mixture (vol %) 15 (D2EHPA) + 5 (Cyanex 272). Individual D2EHPA predominantly extracts calcium(II): extraction of 62% Ca(II) and 15% Mg(II). When using Cyanex272, the extraction of magnesium(II) predominates: extraction of 59% Mg(II) and 20% Ca(II). It is shown that the extraction mixture has higher performance than individual extractants for the extraction of Ca(II) and Mg(II) from nickel solutions in the range of pH 3.0–3.5, at which the coextraction of nickel(II) is negligible. With increasing pH values, the extraction of Ca(II) decreases owing to the increasing extraction of nickel and the displacement of calcium by it from the organic phase. The results of the extraction purification of the nickel electrolyte of JSC Kola MMC with an extraction mixture in the Ni form to exclude pH adjustment at each stage of the process are presented. The experimental data obtained make it possible to conclude that the extraction purification of nickel electrolytes of JSC Kola MMC is promising, as a result of which pure solutions of nickel sulfate with a residual content of ≤0.010 g/dm³ B(III), Ca(II), Mg(II), and chloride ions were obtained.</p>","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"63 3","pages":"256 - 262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4212353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Direct Laser Deposition on the Structure and Properties of Ni–Cr–W–Mo Heat-Resistant Nickel Alloy","authors":"A. M. Khakimov,&nbsp;S. S. Zhatkin,&nbsp;K. V. Nikitin,&nbsp;V. I. Nikitin,&nbsp;V. B. Deev","doi":"10.3103/S1067821222030075","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1067821222030075","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The quality of metal powder composition (MPC) made of heat resistant alloy EP648 (Ni–Cr–W–Mo) used for fabrication of parts by direct metal deposition (DMD technology) has been analyzed. It has been established that, regarding the main requirements (chemical composition, particle size distribution, purity, bulk density, yield, moisture content), the MPC meets the requirements of Technical Specifications TU 136-225-2019. The influence of the parameters of direct laser deposition (power of laser radiation, cladding speed) on the structure and microhardness of experimental specimens has been analyzed. The highest number of defects (multiple shrinkage cavities and incomplete fusion) is formed in the specimen fabricated at the power of laser radiation <i>P</i> = 1000 W and the cladding speed <i>v</i> = 40 mm/s. At the same time, the defects have the maximum dimensions. The minimum number of defects is observed in the specimens fabricated at <i>P</i> = 1400 and 1600 W and <i>v</i> = 45 and 38 mm/s. In this case, the most homogeneous structure of laser cladding is formed owing to complete fusion of powder particles and melt spreading. Nevertheless, the structure of the specimen deposited at <i>P</i> = 1600 W and <i>v</i> = 38 mm/s contains cracks located at the subgrain boundaries in the center of cladding tracks. Their formation is caused by overheating of the metal due to higher power of laser radiation and accumulation of high internal stresses after previously deposited layers. The microhardness of the specimens fabricated by all modes of direct laser deposition changes insignificantly in the range of 270–310 HV. On the basis of the obtained experimental results, it has been determined that the most optimum structure is formed in the specimen at the laser power of 1400 W and the cladding speed of 45 mm/s.</p>","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"63 3","pages":"305 - 314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4547385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Methods of Processing the Melts of Metal Matrix Composites: Current State and Prospects","authors":"V. B. Deev,&nbsp;E. S. Prusov,&nbsp;E. H. Ri","doi":"10.3103/S1067821222030038","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1067821222030038","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This review is devoted to known theoretical and experimental results in the field of using physical methods for processing melts in the preparation of metal matrix composite materials in conditions of casting and metallurgical technological processes. The possibilities, advantages, and disadvantages of various methods of physical influences are considered from the standpoint of their influence on the structural and morphological characteristics and physicomechanical and operational properties of cast composite materials based on aluminum and its alloys. A classification is presented and a detailed description of physical methods for processing melts when obtaining metal matrix composites is presented, depending on the state of the melt during the processing period (during melting, pouring, and crystallization) and according to the physical principle of imposed effects (thermal, electromagnetic, cavitation, mechanical, and others). The modern concepts of the laws and mechanisms of the influence of the processing of the melt by physical methods on the processes of structure and phase formation of metal matrix composites in the cast state are presented. From a qualitative and quantitative point of view, the currently known effects of exposure to the structure of composites are described, in particular, those associated with a change in the wettability of particles, their distribution, dispersion, and morphology, as well as with a change in the structural state of the matrix material. Data on the physicomechanical, operational, and technological properties of metal matrix composites obtained with the use of physical effects on the melt during melting and crystallization are systematized. The prospects for the development and practical application of methods of physical effects on melts in the production of metal matrix composites based on various matrix materials and reinforcement systems, including endogenously reinforced, exogenously reinforced, and complex-reinforced composite materials, are shown. Priority areas of theoretical research and experimental development are discussed; areas of discussion and issues in the field of obtaining metal matrix composites using physical effects on melts during melting and crystallization are revealed. On the basis of a systematic analysis of the key problems that limit the widespread industrial use of physical methods for processing melts, areas for future research in this direction are proposed.</p>","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"63 3","pages":"292 - 304"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4214597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Viscosity of Molten Salts Based on the LiF–BeF2 System","authors":"O. Yu. Tkacheva,&nbsp;A. V. Rudenko,&nbsp;A. A. Kataev,&nbsp;P. N. Mushnikov,&nbsp;A. S. Kholkina,&nbsp;Yu. P. Zaikov","doi":"10.3103/S1067821222030117","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1067821222030117","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The temperature dependences of the dynamic viscosity of molten lithium and beryllium fluorides, which are considered as candidate compositions for fuel and coolant of the molten salt reactor (MSR) burner of long-lived actinides from spent nuclear fuel of a VVER 1000/1200 (pressurized water reactor), were obtained by rotational viscometry using an FRS 1600 high-temperature rheometer (Anton Paar, Austria). Molten salt mixtures 0.66LiF–0.34BeF₂ and (0.73LiF–0.27BeF₂) + UF₄ containing 1 and 2 mol % UF₄ were studied with regard to the intermediate and fuel circuits of the MSR. The salt mixtures were prepared by direct melting of components and certified using X-ray phase and elemental analyses. The shear rate parameter was selected according to the viscosity curves obtained in the melts at a temperature of 700°C. It was found that the viscosity does not depend on the shear rate in the range of γ = 6–20 s^–1. When measuring the temperature dependence of viscosity, the γ value was 11 s^–1. The experimentally obtained values of the viscosity of the LiF–BeF₂–UF₄ melts in the temperature range from liquidus to 800°C are described by the linear equation log η = <i>a</i> + <i>b</i>/<i>t</i>, but their temperature coefficients differ noticeably, which indicates a significant dependence of the viscosity of these melts on composition and temperature. The obtained viscosity values for the 0.66LiF–0.34BeF₂ melt agree with the available published data within 7–10% in the temperature range of 650–750°C. With an increase in the LiF content, the viscosity of the melt decreases: it is 20% lower in the 0.73LiF–0.27BeF₂ melt at <i>t</i> = 650°C. However, when 2 mol % UF₄ is added, the viscosity of the fuel salt 0.73LiF–0.27BeF₂ + UF₄ increases by 10% at the same temperature.</p>","PeriodicalId":765,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals","volume":"63 3","pages":"276 - 283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4215478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}