American Journal of Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Older Adults are at Heightened Risk of the Effects of Cannabis Use.","authors":"Art Walaszek","doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20240113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.20240113","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7656,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"181 11","pages":"1022"},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142556945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reductions in Substance Use as Outcome Targets for Treatment Development.","authors":"Wilson M Compton, Nora D Volkow","doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20240841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.20240841","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7656,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"181 11","pages":"947-948"},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142556947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Are the Genetic Building Blocks of Alcohol-Related Behaviors?","authors":"Joel Gelernter, Joseph D Deak","doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20240885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.20240885","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7656,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"181 11","pages":"952-954"},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142556950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The American Psychiatric Association Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder.","authors":"George A Keepers, Laura J Fochtmann, Joan M Anzia, Sheldon Benjamin, Jeffrey M Lyness, Ramin Mojtabai, Mark Servis, Lois Choi-Kain, Kaz J Nelson, John M Oldham, Carla Sharp, Amanda Degenhardt, Laura J Fochtmann, John M Oldham, Seung-Hee Hong, Jennifer Medicus","doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.24181010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.24181010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7656,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"181 11","pages":"1024-1028"},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142556949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Heterogeneity Across Dimensions of Alcohol Use Behaviors.","authors":"Jeanne E Savage, Peter B Barr, Tanya Phung, Younga H Lee, Yingzhe Zhang, Vivia V McCutcheon, Tian Ge, Jordan W Smoller, Lea K Davis, Jacquelyn Meyers, Bernice Porjesz, Danielle Posthuma, Travis T Mallard, Sandra Sanchez-Roige","doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20231055","DOIUrl":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20231055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Increasingly large samples in genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for alcohol use behaviors (AUBs) have led to an influx of implicated genes, yet the clinical and functional understanding of these associations remains low, in part because most GWASs do not account for the complex and varied manifestations of AUBs. This study applied a multidimensional framework to investigate the latent genetic structure underlying heterogeneous dimensions of AUBs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Multimodal assessments (self-report, interview, electronic health records) were obtained from approximately 400,000 UK Biobank participants. GWAS was conducted for 18 distinct AUBs, including consumption, drinking patterns, alcohol problems, and clinical sequelae. Latent genetic factors were identified and carried forward to GWAS using genomic structural equation modeling, followed by functional annotation, genetic correlation, and enrichment analyses to interpret the genetic associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four latent factors were identified: Problems, Consumption, BeerPref (declining alcohol consumption with a preference for drinking beer), and AtypicalPref (drinking fortified wine and spirits). The latent factors were moderately correlated (r_g values, 0.12-0.57) and had distinct patterns of associations, with BeerPref in particular implicating many novel genomic regions. Patterns of regional and cell type-specific gene expression in the brain also differed between the latent factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Deep phenotyping is an important next step to improve understanding of the genetic etiology of AUBs, in addition to increasing sample size. Further effort is required to uncover the genetic heterogeneity underlying AUBs using methods that account for their complex, multidimensional nature.</p>","PeriodicalId":7656,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"1006-1017"},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142387308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cell Type-Specific Profiles and Developmental Trajectories of Transcriptomes in Primate Prefrontal Layer 3 Pyramidal Neurons: Implications for Schizophrenia.","authors":"Dominique Arion, John F Enwright, Guillermo Gonzalez-Burgos, David A Lewis","doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20230541","DOIUrl":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20230541","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In schizophrenia, impaired working memory is associated with transcriptome alterations in layer 3 pyramidal neurons (L3PNs) in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Distinct subtypes of L3PNs that send axonal projections to the DLPFC in the opposite hemisphere (callosal projection [CP] neurons) or the parietal cortex in the same hemisphere (ipsilateral projection [IP] neurons) play critical roles in working memory. However, how the transcriptomes of these L3PN subtypes might shift during late postnatal development when working memory impairments emerge in individuals later diagnosed with schizophrenia is not known. The aim of this study was to characterize and compare the transcriptome profiles of CP and IP L3PNs across developmental transitions from prepuberty to adulthood in macaque monkeys.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The authors used retrograde labeling to identify CP and IP L3PNs in the DLPFC of prepubertal, postpubertal, and adult macaque monkeys, and used laser microdissection to capture these neurons for RNA sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At all three ages, CP and IP L3PNs had distinct transcriptomes, with the number of genes differentially expressed between neuronal subtypes increasing with age. For IP L3PNs, age-related shifts in gene expression were most prominent between prepubertal and postpubertal animals, whereas for CP L3PNs such shifts were most prominent between postpubertal and adult animals.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings demonstrate the presence of cell type-specific profiles and developmental trajectories of the transcriptomes of PPC-projecting IP and DLPFC-projecting CP L3PNs in monkey DLPFC. The evidence that IP L3PNs reach a mature transcriptome earlier than CP L3PNs suggests that these two subtypes differentially contribute to the maturation of working memory performance across late postnatal development and that they may be differentially vulnerable to the disease process of schizophrenia at specific stages of postnatal development.</p>","PeriodicalId":7656,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"181 10","pages":"920-934"},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11446470/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142339414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to Cappon and Pascual-Leone.","authors":"","doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20240643correction","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.20240643correction","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7656,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"181 10","pages":"939"},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142339417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antipsychotic Drugs: A Concise Review of History, Classification, Indications, Mechanism, Efficacy, Side Effects, Dosing, and Clinical Application.","authors":"Stefan Leucht, Josef Priller, John M Davis","doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20240738","DOIUrl":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20240738","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The introduction of the first antipsychotic drug, chlorpromazine, was a milestone for psychiatry. The authors review the history, classification, indications, mechanism, efficacy, side effects, dosing, drug initiation, switching, and other practical issues and questions related to antipsychotics. Classifications such as first-generation/typical versus second-generation/atypical antipsychotics are neither valid nor useful; these agents should be described according to the Neuroscience-based Nomenclature (NbN). Antipsychotic drugs are not specific for treating schizophrenia. They reduce psychosis regardless of the underlying diagnosis, and they go beyond nonspecific sedation. All currently available antipsychotic drugs are dopamine blockers or dopamine partial agonists. In schizophrenia, effect sizes for relapse prevention are larger than for acute treatment. A major unresolved problem is the implausible increase in placebo response in antipsychotic drug trials over the decades. Differences in side effects, which can be objectively measured, such as weight gain, are less equivocal than differences in rating-scale-measured (subjective) efficacy. The criteria for choosing among antipsychotics are mainly pragmatic and include factors such as available formulations, metabolism, half-life, efficacy, and side effects in previous illness episodes. Plasma levels help to detect nonadherence, and once-daily dosing at night (which is possible with many antipsychotics) and long-acting injectable formulations are useful when adherence is a problem. Dose-response curves for both acute treatment and relapse prevention follow a hyperbolic pattern, with maximally efficacious average dosages for schizophrenia of around 5 mg/day risperidone equivalents. Computer apps facilitating the choice between drugs are available. Future drug development should include pharmacogenetics and focus on drugs for specific aspects of psychosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7656,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"181 10","pages":"865-878"},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142339411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders and Psychosis.","authors":"Ned H Kalin","doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20240733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.20240733","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7656,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"181 10","pages":"847-850"},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142339423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aripiprazole Augmentation as a Treatment for Clozapine-Induced Weight Gain: Response to Kramer and Velicu.","authors":"Roger S McIntyre, Angela T H Kwan, Joshua D Rosenblat, Kayla M Teopiz, Rodrigo B Mansur","doi":"10.1176/appi.ajp.20240111r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.20240111r","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7656,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"181 10","pages":"936-937"},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142339413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}