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A proposed feedback loop of sexually transmitted diseases and sexual behavior: the Red Queen's Dilemma. 提出的性传播疾病和性行为的反馈循环:红皇后的困境。
Social biology Pub Date : 2003-09-01
Wade C Mackey, Ronald S Immerman
{"title":"A proposed feedback loop of sexually transmitted diseases and sexual behavior: the Red Queen's Dilemma.","authors":"Wade C Mackey,&nbsp;Ronald S Immerman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>(Micro)organisms, such as bacteria, which cause sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in humans are presented with an interesting ecological challenge. These microorganisms need humans to have sexual contact with each other in order for the microorganisms to spread to other hosts as well as to have subsequent generations of descendants. However, diseases tend to lower the sex drive and to render the host less sexually attractive. It is argued that, over time, selective advantages sculpted organisms which cause STDs to be minimally symptomatic and to indirectly increase the number of sexual partners of the host. Neisseria gonorrhoeae which cause the STD gonorrhea are used as a prototype for these putative sexual dynamics. As a counter to the (micro)organisms' biological adaptations, human cultural innovations emerged and became integrated into the various traditions of social structures.</p>","PeriodicalId":76544,"journal":{"name":"Social biology","volume":"50 3-4","pages":"281-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25774675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The influence of age at menarche on the fertility of Chinese women. 初潮年龄对中国妇女生育能力的影响。
Social biology Pub Date : 2003-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2003.9989073
Sherry L McKibben, Dudley L Poston
{"title":"The influence of age at menarche on the fertility of Chinese women.","authors":"Sherry L McKibben,&nbsp;Dudley L Poston","doi":"10.1080/19485565.2003.9989073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19485565.2003.9989073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper examines the effect of age at menarche on children ever born (CEB). We use data from the 1997 Sample Survey of Population and Reproductive Health conducted by the China Population Information and Research Center and the State Family Planning Commission. Poisson regression models are estimated for 10,919 ever married Chinese Han women. The influence of a woman's age at menarche on her CEB is examined while controlling for the social effects of rural/urban residency, education, her number of fecund years, whether her first birth occurred before or after the initiation of China's one child policy, and her age at first marriage. The results support our hypothesized positive association between age at menarche and CEB. That is, the later a woman's age at menarche, the greater her number of children ever born. Holding the other five independent variables constant, we show that for every additional month in age at menarche, a Chinese Han woman's mean number of children ever born increases by 0.5 percent. Some of the implications of these results are explored.</p>","PeriodicalId":76544,"journal":{"name":"Social biology","volume":"50 3-4","pages":"222-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19485565.2003.9989073","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25774769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Ethnicity and fertility in Nigeria. 尼日利亚的种族和生育率。
Social biology Pub Date : 2003-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2003.9989072
Konia T Kollehlon
{"title":"Ethnicity and fertility in Nigeria.","authors":"Konia T Kollehlon","doi":"10.1080/19485565.2003.9989072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19485565.2003.9989072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using a sample of Hausa-Fulani, Yoruba, Ibo, and all other women from the 1990 Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey, this study examines ethnic fertility differentials in Nigeria within the context of the social characteristics and cultural hypotheses. Among all women, we find the net fertility of Hausa-Fulani women to be lower than that of Other women; with no statistically significant difference in the net fertility of Ibo, Yourba, and Other women. But, among currently married women, we find the net fertility of Hausa-Fulani and Yoruba women to be lower than that of Other women, while the net fertility of Ibo women is higher than that of Other women. Overall, the findings of this study are more consistent with the cultural hypothesis, because statistically significant fertility differentials by ethnicity remain, even after controlling for selected socioeconomic and demographic variables.</p>","PeriodicalId":76544,"journal":{"name":"Social biology","volume":"50 3-4","pages":"201-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19485565.2003.9989072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25774770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
How big are educational and racial fertility differentials in the U.S.? 美国的教育和种族生育率差异有多大？
Social biology Pub Date : 2003-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2003.9989070
Yang Yang, S Philip Morgan
{"title":"How big are educational and racial fertility differentials in the U.S.?","authors":"Yang Yang, S Philip Morgan","doi":"10.1080/19485565.2003.9989070","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19485565.2003.9989070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using pooled data from the 1980, 1985, 1990 and 1995 CPS and 1988 and 1995 NSFG surveys, we show that shifts in fertility timing have occurred disproportionately for the more educated and for whites (compared to the less educated and to African Americans). Such timing shifts imply that the underlying period quantum of fertility is considerably higher for college-educated women and for whites than suggested by the standard total fertility rate. Applying the Bongaarts-Feeney model (1998), we decompose observed racial and educational differences in age-order-specific fertility rates and TFR into tempo and quantum components. We find that a modest part of educational differences and a substantial part of racial difference in period fertility can be attributed to differential changes in tempo. Analysis by race and education shows a clear interaction: higher fertility among African Americans is confined to the less educated.</p>","PeriodicalId":76544,"journal":{"name":"Social biology","volume":"50 3-4","pages":"167-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2849154/pdf/nihms-185199.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25774677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Double impact: What sibling data can tell us about the long‐term negative effects of parental divorce 双重影响:兄弟姐妹的数据可以告诉我们父母离婚的长期负面影响
Social biology Pub Date : 2003-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2003.9989065
N. H. Wolfinger, L. Kowaleski-Jones, Ken R. Smith
{"title":"Double impact: What sibling data can tell us about the long‐term negative effects of parental divorce","authors":"N. H. Wolfinger, L. Kowaleski-Jones, Ken R. Smith","doi":"10.1080/19485565.2003.9989065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19485565.2003.9989065","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Most prior research on the adverse consequences of parental divorce has analyzed only one child per family. As a result, it is not known whether the same divorce affects siblings differently. We address this issue by analyzing paired sibling data from the 1994 General Social Survey (GSS) and 1994 Survey of American Families (SAF). Both seemingly unrelated regressions and random effects models are used to study the effect of family background on offspring's educational attainment and marital stability. Parental divorce adversely affects the educational attainment and the probability of divorce of both children within a sibship; in other words, siblings tend to experience the same divorce the same way. However, family structure of origin only accounts for a trivial portion of the shared variance in offspring's educational attainment and marital stability, so parental divorce is only one of many factors determining how offspring fare. These findings were unchanged when controlling for a number of differences both between and within sibships. Also, the negative effects of parental divorce largely do not vary according to respondent characteristics.","PeriodicalId":76544,"journal":{"name":"Social biology","volume":"50 1","pages":"58 - 76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19485565.2003.9989065","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60555581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 29
Economic distress and cause-of-death patterns for black and non-black men in Chicago: reconsidering the relevance of classic epidemiological transition theory. 芝加哥黑人和非黑人男性的经济困境和死因模式:重新考虑经典流行病学过渡理论的相关性。
Social biology Pub Date : 2003-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2003.9989067
Lorella Palazzo, Avery Guest, Gunnar Almgren
{"title":"Economic distress and cause-of-death patterns for black and non-black men in Chicago: reconsidering the relevance of classic epidemiological transition theory.","authors":"Lorella Palazzo,&nbsp;Avery Guest,&nbsp;Gunnar Almgren","doi":"10.1080/19485565.2003.9989067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19485565.2003.9989067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mortality disadvantage of African Americans is well documented, but previous studies have not considered its implications for population theory in the general case of industrialized nation states with high levels of income inequality. This paper examines the relevance of classic epidemiological theory to the extremes of income and mortality observed in Chicago, one of America's most racially divided cities. We analyze cause-specific death rates for black and non-black male populations residing in Chicago's community areas by using linked data from the 1990 Census and from 1989-1991 individual death certificates. The same cause-of-death patterns explain much of the mortality of black and non-black men. These two major structures include one, degenerative diseases, the other, \"tough-living\" causes (accidents, homicides, and liver disease). Community socioeconomic status is strongly related to tough-living deaths within each racial group, and to degenerative deaths for African Americans. Black men's tough-living mortality is much greater than non-blacks', but their younger age structure suppresses their degenerative death rates. Aggregate unemployment and social disorganization account for the most salient disparities in mortality across racial groups. This patterning of mortality along a socioeconomic continuum supports epidemiological theory and extends its applicability to highly unequal populations within industrialized countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":76544,"journal":{"name":"Social biology","volume":"50 1-2","pages":"102-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19485565.2003.9989067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24782915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Infant mortality in Zambia: socioeconomic and demographic correlates. 赞比亚的婴儿死亡率:社会经济和人口的相关性。
Social biology Pub Date : 2003-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2003.9989069
Nyovani Janet Madise, Esther Melody Banda, Kabwe Wendy Benaya
{"title":"Infant mortality in Zambia: socioeconomic and demographic correlates.","authors":"Nyovani Janet Madise,&nbsp;Esther Melody Banda,&nbsp;Kabwe Wendy Benaya","doi":"10.1080/19485565.2003.9989069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19485565.2003.9989069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trends in infant mortality in Zambia suggest a reversal of the decline experienced between the 1960s and the late 1970s. From a high of about 140, infant mortality rate declined to about 90 in the late 1970s only to rise again to 100 by 1996. Data on 5,600 births born between 1987 and 1992, and 6,630 births between 1991 and 1996 from the Zambian DHS are analyzed to identify socioeconomic and demographic correlates of infant mortality. Demographic factors such as small size at birth and short birth intervals are associated with higher neonatal mortality. In the post-neonatal period, urban children from poorer households had the highest mortality between 1991-1996. Also, differences in infant mortality rates between provinces narrowed. Children born in the most developed province of Lusaka had as high of risk of dying as those from Luapula, a province with a history of extremely high mortality rates in Zambia.</p>","PeriodicalId":76544,"journal":{"name":"Social biology","volume":"50 1-2","pages":"148-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19485565.2003.9989069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24782917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 59
Human ecology, crime, and crime control: linking individual behavior and aggregate crime. 人类生态、犯罪与犯罪控制:连结个体行为与集体犯罪。
Social biology Pub Date : 2003-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2003.9989066
Joanne Savage, Bryan Vila
{"title":"Human ecology, crime, and crime control: linking individual behavior and aggregate crime.","authors":"Joanne Savage,&nbsp;Bryan Vila","doi":"10.1080/19485565.2003.9989066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19485565.2003.9989066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The paper extends previous research published by Cohen, Machalek, Vila, and others on the evolutionary-ecological paradigm for understanding criminal behavior. After reviewing literature related to human ecology and crime, the paper focuses on elements relevant to human ecology-biology, development, and ecological factors--and their role in criminal behavior. Major emphasis is placed on the linkages between individual factors and macro-level crime using chronic offending as a case in point. The principles of evolutionary ecology then are used to discuss counterstrategies to crime, and the prospects for protection/avoidance, deterrent, and nurturant strategies in light of evidence on chronic offending.</p>","PeriodicalId":76544,"journal":{"name":"Social biology","volume":"50 1-2","pages":"77-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19485565.2003.9989066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24782912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
The influence of latitude and cloud cover on the seasonality of human births. 纬度和云量对人类出生季节性的影响。
Social biology Pub Date : 2003-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2003.9989063
David R Cummings
{"title":"The influence of latitude and cloud cover on the seasonality of human births.","authors":"David R Cummings","doi":"10.1080/19485565.2003.9989063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19485565.2003.9989063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A previous study (Cummings, 2002), hypothesized that human birth seasonality was primarily related to environmental light intensity/photoperiod.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>There are two primary goals: to explain seasonality differences between U.S., Canada, and Europe and to test the influence of environmental light intensity/photoperiod at divergent latitudes.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Existing seasonality data were extracted from previous studies at various locations throughout the world. Daily cloud cover amounts (clearness) were utilized as indices for environmental light intensity.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Results were evaluated and discussed for each sub-study.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sub-study results support the hypothesis that human birth seasonality may be influenced by environmental light intensity and photoperiod. This conclusion is supported by logical links between increased light intensity/photoperiod and conceptions at different latitudes. Irrefutable proof may involve correlating long term changes in cloud cover with long term changes in human birth seasonality.</p>","PeriodicalId":76544,"journal":{"name":"Social biology","volume":"50 1-2","pages":"23-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19485565.2003.9989063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24783606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Reconciling heart disease mortality and ICD codes. 协调心脏病死亡率和ICD代码。
Social biology Pub Date : 2003-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2003.9989068
David P Smith, Benjamin Bradshaw
{"title":"Reconciling heart disease mortality and ICD codes.","authors":"David P Smith,&nbsp;Benjamin Bradshaw","doi":"10.1080/19485565.2003.9989068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19485565.2003.9989068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study uses 61 years of death certificates for Bexar County, Texas, uniformly coded under ICD 9, to describe the transition in heart disease mortality from 1935-1995. We find that life expectancy for persons dying with heart diseases increased throughout this period, with clear differences in rates of increase for males and females, associated with acute ischemic heart disease. Our data point to an epidemic of AIHD in the 1950s and 1960s, which is now abating. Findings are less clear for chronic ischemic heart disease, while other major heart diseases cannot be traced with any confidence owing to changes over time in the emphasis accorded particular causes. Our findings suggest caution with respect to the socioeconomic analysis of heart disease mortality data, particularly where the instability of the coding conventions has been most acute.</p>","PeriodicalId":76544,"journal":{"name":"Social biology","volume":"50 1-2","pages":"127-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19485565.2003.9989068","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24782910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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