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The father(to)child affiliative bond: convergent evolution with the canid analogue. 父子亲缘关系:与犬科动物相似的趋同进化。
Social biology Pub Date : 2003-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2003.9989064
Wade C Mackey, Ronald S Immerman
{"title":"The father(to)child affiliative bond: convergent evolution with the canid analogue.","authors":"Wade C Mackey,&nbsp;Ronald S Immerman","doi":"10.1080/19485565.2003.9989064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19485565.2003.9989064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primate homologues, especially from the African great apes, can usually be successfully utilized to form comparisons with the human condition. However, the man(to)child pair-bond is not paralleled by any terrestrial primate nor even many mammals. Hence, knowledge of primate behavior would not be predictive of the pan-human social father. It is suggested that female choices of mating partners shifted in the direction of a canid analogue in that men's motivations to share resources with the female and to exhibit paternalistic behaviors were positively selected. Accordingly, it is argued that, for humans, convergent evolution occurred which trended toward the canid template. Consequently, it would be predicted that, compared to other terrestrial primates, the neuro-hormonal basis for the mother-child affiliative bond would be similar, but the basis for man(to)child affiliative bond would be dissimilar.</p>","PeriodicalId":76544,"journal":{"name":"Social biology","volume":"50 1-2","pages":"42-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19485565.2003.9989064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24783610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Double impact: what sibling data can tell us about the long-term negative effects of parental divorce. 双重影响:兄弟姐妹的数据可以告诉我们父母离婚的长期负面影响。
Social biology Pub Date : 2003-02-01
Nicholas H Wolfinger, Lori Kowaleski-Jones, Ken R Smith
{"title":"Double impact: what sibling data can tell us about the long-term negative effects of parental divorce.","authors":"Nicholas H Wolfinger,&nbsp;Lori Kowaleski-Jones,&nbsp;Ken R Smith","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most prior research on the adverse consequences of parental divorce has analyzed only one child per family. As a result, it is not known whether the same divorce affects siblings differently. We address this issue by analyzing paired sibling data from the 1994 General Social Survey (GSS) and 1994 Survey of American Families (SAF). Both seemingly unrelated regressions and random effects models are used to study the effect of family background on offspring's educational attainment and marital stability. Parental divorce adversely affects the educational attainment and the probability of divorce of both children within a sibship; in other words, siblings tend to experience the same divorce the same way. However, family structure of origin only accounts for a trivial portion of the shared variance in offspring's educational attainment and marital stability, so parental divorce is only one of many factors determining how offspring fare. These findings were unchanged when controlling for a number of differences both between and within sibships. Also, the negative effects of parental divorce largely do not vary according to respondent characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":76544,"journal":{"name":"Social biology","volume":"50 1-2","pages":"58-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24783607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Seasonality of birth and conception to teenagers in Texas. 德克萨斯州青少年出生和受孕的季节性。
Social biology Pub Date : 2003-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2003.9989062
N Scafetta, E Restrepo, B J West
{"title":"Seasonality of birth and conception to teenagers in Texas.","authors":"N Scafetta,&nbsp;E Restrepo,&nbsp;B J West","doi":"10.1080/19485565.2003.9989062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19485565.2003.9989062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We study the births to teenagers during the years 1964-2000 and analyze separately the three main racial/ethnic groups in Texas (White, Hispanic, and African American), as well as married and unmarried teens during the years 1994-2000. By using traditional statistical methods of analysis and a filter based on the multiresolution wavelet analysis, we draw inferences about the times of the year when adolescent females of different racial/ethnic and marital groups have the highest probability for pregnancy ending in live birth. Multiple factors influencing teen pregnancy are identified and associated with temporal features of social, cultural, educational, and familial processes. In particular, we detect links between unmarried teen conception times and school terms, and weekly birth patterns associated with scheduled c-sections that differ according to racial/ethnic groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":76544,"journal":{"name":"Social biology","volume":"50 1-2","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19485565.2003.9989062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24783605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Between nurture and nature: the shifting determinants of female fertility in Danish twin cohorts. 在养育和自然之间:丹麦双胞胎队列中女性生育能力的变化决定因素。
Social biology Pub Date : 2002-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2002.9989060
Hans-Peter Kohler, Joseph Lee Rodgers, Kaare Christensen
{"title":"Between nurture and nature: the shifting determinants of female fertility in Danish twin cohorts.","authors":"Hans-Peter Kohler,&nbsp;Joseph Lee Rodgers,&nbsp;Kaare Christensen","doi":"10.1080/19485565.2002.9989060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19485565.2002.9989060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Behaviors related to fertility constitute primary candidates for investigating the relevance of evolutionary influences and biological dispositions on contemporary human behaviors. Using female Danish twin cohorts born 1870-1968, we document important transformations in the relative contributions of \"nurture\" and \"nature\" to within-cohort variations in early and complete fertility, and we point toward a systematic relation between the socioeconomic context of cohorts and the relevance of genetic and shared environmental factors. This transformation is most striking for early fertility where genetic factors strengthen over time and are consistent with up to 50 percent of the variation in early fertility in most recent cohorts. Understanding this emerging relevance of genetic factors is of central importance because early fertility constitutes an important determinant of complete fertility levels in low-fertility societies, and because teenage motherhood and early childbearing are often associated with negative life-cycle consequences. Moreover, our results emphasize the need for socially and contextually informed analyses of nature and nurture that allow both factors to influence human reproductive behavior over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":76544,"journal":{"name":"Social biology","volume":"49 3-4","pages":"218-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19485565.2002.9989060","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24105552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 66
The effect of the nurturant bonding system on child security of attachment and dependency. 养育性结合系统对儿童依恋和依赖安全的影响。
Social biology Pub Date : 2002-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2002.9989055
Warren B Miller, Shirley S Feldman, David J Pasta
{"title":"The effect of the nurturant bonding system on child security of attachment and dependency.","authors":"Warren B Miller,&nbsp;Shirley S Feldman,&nbsp;David J Pasta","doi":"10.1080/19485565.2002.9989055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19485565.2002.9989055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper uses a biopsychosocial theory of human bonding to explore the intergenerational transmission of bonding traits. More specifically, it examines how the nurturant bonding system of the mother affects the succorant bonding system of the young child. In the first section of the paper, we take the bonding framework proposed by Miller and Rodgers (2001) and elaborate its implications for mother-child dyads. Next, we describe the collection of data from 78 mothers prior to their pregnancy with an index child and again when that child is between the ages of two and four and a half. These data allow the creation of a number of mother and child variables that are derived from the bonding framework. Using these variables, we construct a temporally organized, structural equation model of maternal effects on the child, with the two main outcome variables being child security of attachment and child dependency. We then test the model using LISREL. Although the results are tentative and require further confirmatory research, they lend support to three broad hypotheses derived from the bonding framework. In particular, the results support the construct of a motivational substrate that affects both maternal childbearing and her child-rearing behaviors. They also indicate the importance of child temperament in the formation of the succorant bond. Finally, they demonstrate that the preconception nurturant characteristics of the mother have multiple effects on the two main outcome variables, child security of attachment and dependency. Two submodels based on predictors of these two outcomes reveal a number of pathways along which these effects take place. We conclude with a brief discussion of the lessons learned that might strengthen future studies of mother-child bonding and, more generally, the intergenerational transmission of bonding traits.</p>","PeriodicalId":76544,"journal":{"name":"Social biology","volume":"49 3-4","pages":"125-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19485565.2002.9989055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24106232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
Individual aging and mortality rate: how are they related? 个体老龄化与死亡率:它们是如何关联的?
Social biology Pub Date : 2002-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2002.9989059
Anatoli I Yashin, Svetlana V Ukraintseva, Serge I Boiko, Konstantin G Arbeev
{"title":"Individual aging and mortality rate: how are they related?","authors":"Anatoli I Yashin,&nbsp;Svetlana V Ukraintseva,&nbsp;Serge I Boiko,&nbsp;Konstantin G Arbeev","doi":"10.1080/19485565.2002.9989059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19485565.2002.9989059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many researchers working in the area of aging and longevity base their conclusions on the behavior of empirical age trajectories of mortality rates. In such analyses, changes in the slope of the logarithm of the mortality curve are often associated with changes in the rate of individual aging. We show that such interpretation may be incorrect: the changes in the slope of this curve do not necessarily correspond to the changes in the rate of individual aging. We use three models of mortality and aging to illustrate this statement. The first one is based on the idea of frailty. We show that changes in frailty distribution alone may be responsible for changes in the slope. The second model exploits the idea of saving lives. It evaluates changes in mortality rate after elimination of lethal stressful events. The third model uses the idea of Strehler and Mildvan (1960). It shows that changes in the rate of individual aging may take place without changes in the slope of the logarithm of the mortality curve.</p>","PeriodicalId":76544,"journal":{"name":"Social biology","volume":"49 3-4","pages":"206-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19485565.2002.9989059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24105551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 42
Genealogical data and the biodemography of human longevity. 族谱数据和人类寿命的生物人口学。
Social biology Pub Date : 2002-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2002.9989056
Leonid A Gavrilov, Natalia S Gavrilova, S Jay Olshansky, Bruce A Carnes
{"title":"Genealogical data and the biodemography of human longevity.","authors":"Leonid A Gavrilov,&nbsp;Natalia S Gavrilova,&nbsp;S Jay Olshansky,&nbsp;Bruce A Carnes","doi":"10.1080/19485565.2002.9989056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19485565.2002.9989056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biodemography of human longevity is an emerging interdisciplinary field of sociobiological research with deep historical roots. Two research questions are examined in this article: (1) What evidence is there for the familial transmission of human longevity?, and (2) what are the effects of parental age at reproduction on offspring longevity, and in particular, are there long-term adverse health consequences associated with the trend toward delayed reproduction? The ability of scientists to conduct biodemographic studies depends not only on merging theoretical and methodological elements from the biological and demographic/actuarial sciences, but unique sources of data and statistical methods must also be developed. In this article we describe how gencalogical data have been used for over a century to explore basic questions about human longevity, and how similar kinds of data now being developed are driving the formation of new testable research hypotheses in the field of biodemography.</p>","PeriodicalId":76544,"journal":{"name":"Social biology","volume":"49 3-4","pages":"160-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19485565.2002.9989056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24105555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 52
Fertility and post-reproductive longevity. 生育能力和生殖后寿命。
Social biology Pub Date : 2002-09-01
Ken R Smith, Geraldine P Mineau, Lee L Bean
{"title":"Fertility and post-reproductive longevity.","authors":"Ken R Smith,&nbsp;Geraldine P Mineau,&nbsp;Lee L Bean","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We examine the effects of reproduction on longevity among mothers and fathers after age 60. This study is motivated by evolutionary theories of aging and theories predicting social benefits and costs of children to older parents. We use the Utah Population Database, that includes a large genealogical database from the Utah Family History Library. Cox proportional hazard models based on 13,987 couples married between 1860-1899 indicate that women with fewer children as well as those bearing children late in life live longer post-reproductive lives. As the burdens of motherhood increase, the relative gains in longevity of late fertile women increase compared to their non-late fertile counterparts. Husbands' longevity is less sensitive to reproductive history, although husbands have effects that are similar to those of their wives during the latter marriage cohort. We find some support for predictions based on evolutionary principles, but we also find evidence that implicates a role for shared marital environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":76544,"journal":{"name":"Social biology","volume":"49 3-4","pages":"185-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24105547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Parents' age at birth of their offspring and child survival. 父母在子女出生时的年龄和孩子的存活率。
Social biology Pub Date : 2002-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2002.9989057
Guillaume Wunsch, Catherine Gourbin
{"title":"Parents' age at birth of their offspring and child survival.","authors":"Guillaume Wunsch,&nbsp;Catherine Gourbin","doi":"10.1080/19485565.2002.9989057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19485565.2002.9989057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study presents some new results on parental age as a risk factor for child survival. The study is based on individual registration forms for live births and infant deaths collected in Hungary from 1984 to 1988. Logistic regression models have been fitted for early neonatal and neonatal mortality on the one hand, and post-neonatal mortality on the other hand. Children of older males and females have significantly higher early neonatal and neonatal mortality rates compared to those of younger males and females. The impact of age of both parents remains, however, slighter than that of other biological characteristics such as previous number of fetal deaths, induced abortions, or live births. The authors discuss possible biological explanations.</p>","PeriodicalId":76544,"journal":{"name":"Social biology","volume":"49 3-4","pages":"174-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19485565.2002.9989057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24106234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
Biodemography: Consilience in action an introduction to a special issue of social biology 生物人口学:行动中的一致性是社会生物学特刊的介绍
Social biology Pub Date : 2002-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2002.9989054
J. Rodgers, S. Olshansky
{"title":"Biodemography: Consilience in action an introduction to a special issue of social biology","authors":"J. Rodgers, S. Olshansky","doi":"10.1080/19485565.2002.9989054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19485565.2002.9989054","url":null,"abstract":"Many evolutionary theorists have made a statement to an audience something like the following: \"Your ancestors differed in many ways. Some were smart, and some were dumb. Some were pretty, and some were not. Some could sing, some could define indefinite integrals. Some could run fast, and some could grow turnips. But one thing they all did—the one thing they definitely shared in common was that every single one of your direct ancestors, without exception, successfully made babies.\"","PeriodicalId":76544,"journal":{"name":"Social biology","volume":"49 1","pages":"121 - 124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19485565.2002.9989054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60555122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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