Schriftenreihe des Vereins fur Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene最新文献_第5页

[Health effects of traffic noise]. 交通噪音对健康的影响。

Schriftenreihe des Vereins fur Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene Pub Date : 2000-01-01

W Babisch

引用次数: 0

The suitability of sand abstraction systems for community-managed domestic water supplies. 采沙系统对社区管理的家庭供水的适用性。

Schriftenreihe des Vereins fur Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene Pub Date : 2000-01-01

S W Hussey

{"title":"The suitability of sand abstraction systems for community-managed domestic water supplies.","authors":"S W Hussey","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"This paper will discuss the system of abstracting water from the underlying water-bearing sediment of surface dry river beds. The technology is well established in Zimbabwe and is a valuable method of obtaining water for human consumption as well as for both livestock and irrigation use. Within Zimbabwe the system is erroneously but commonly, referred to as \"sand abstraction\". Apart from traditional methods there are several systems of sand abstraction which have been developed. Each method is dependant on equipment which can be installed into river sands which retain water. Systems range from large mechanized schemes to small scale, hand-operated pump and well screen units. The author, through his work and experience in this area has come to believe that small scale units which can be operated and sustained by local communities are the best option for reliable sources of clean water. In large rivers the sediment frequently retains a perennial supply of water and during a dry-season can provide many thousands of kilolitres of water. The river sands act as a huge, slow sand-filtration system and invariably yield water which is neither contaminated by poor sanitation nor by unpalatable mineral salts. Tests undertaken on water samples drawn from river sands have indicated that contamination occurs only after abstraction from containers. Water utilised from such sources is thus particularly suitable for both primary and secondary purposes. Where such systems can be established on low river banks, not too distant from the river edge, simple sand abstraction units provide an excellent, low cost method of abstracting water. Such systems are particularly appreciated by women who prefer small, low technology installations which they can operate themselves and can maintain simply and effectively.","PeriodicalId":76530,"journal":{"name":"Schriftenreihe des Vereins fur Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene","volume":"105 ","pages":"153-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21686791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Conflict of technologies for water and sanitation in developing countries. 发展中国家的水和卫生技术冲突。

Schriftenreihe des Vereins fur Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene Pub Date : 2000-01-01

R R Bannerman

引用次数: 0

Management of rural drinking water supplies and waste using the participatory hygiene and sanitation transformation (PHAST) initiative in Zimbabwe. 在津巴布韦，利用参与式卫生和环境卫生改造(PHAST)倡议管理农村饮用水供应和废物。

Schriftenreihe des Vereins fur Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene Pub Date : 2000-01-01

N Musabayane

{"title":"Management of rural drinking water supplies and waste using the participatory hygiene and sanitation transformation (PHAST) initiative in Zimbabwe.","authors":"N Musabayane","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the use of Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation (PHAST) and how the methodology can be taken to scale. It uses the Zimbabwe experience and highlights some of the benefits in the application of PHAST, conditions necessary for scaling up and possible constraints. The PHAST initiative started off as a pilot process seeking to promote improved hygiene behaviour and promotion of sanitation. Having successfully piloted PHAST, Zimbabwe has scaled up the use of the methodology at a country level. While impact studies have not yet been conducted, reviews of the effects of the process have indicated positive behaviour change in such areas as management of water, construction and use of latrines. The process has also led to a change of institutional approaches in planning for improved water and sanitation from supply driven projects to demand responsive approaches. Some lessons learnt have included the need for baseline surveys at the start of the use of PHAST, the difficulty in developing monitoring indicators and hence difficulty in measuring impacts. Conclusions being drawn using assessment studies are that the use of participatory approaches has led to improved hygiene behaviour with communities being able to link causes and effects. The use of participatory methods also necessitates a change in institutional approaches from supply driven approaches to demand responsiveness. Other lessons drawn were related to the creation of an enabling environment for the application of participatory processes. Such enabling environment includes capacity building, resource allocation, policy and institutional support.","PeriodicalId":76530,"journal":{"name":"Schriftenreihe des Vereins fur Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene","volume":"105 ","pages":"81-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21686848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Review of the wastewater situation in Morocco. 审查摩洛哥的废水状况。

Schriftenreihe des Vereins fur Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene Pub Date : 2000-01-01

L Mandi

引用次数: 0

Membrane-supported biological wastewater treatment. 膜支撑生物废水处理。

Schriftenreihe des Vereins fur Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene Pub Date : 2000-01-01

U Krüger

{"title":"Membrane-supported biological wastewater treatment.","authors":"U Krüger","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Research for a feasible method of complete pathogen removal from municipal wastewater has now arrived at a new stage of biological sewage treatment. Microfiltration membranes are integrated into the biological stage where they replace conventional sedimentation for the separation of treated water from sludge. These membranes form a physical barrier that even particles as small as bacteria cannot penetrate. Thus, the biological stage can be operated at higher biomass concentrations, which leads to better treatment performances and drastically reduces the excess sludge production. Results of test runs with pilot plants and municipal sewage suggest that the degradation and elimination potential of optimised membrane bioreactors will result in effluent concentrations as low as natural background concentrations of surface waters. Microfiltration membranes with a pore-size of 0.2 micron or less do not only retain bacteria but also viruses almost completely, and the clarified wastewater is practically free of pathogens. In consequence of these effluent qualities a much higher rate of wastewater can potentially be reclaimed. This paper includes results gained at a pilot plant operated at the Institute for Water, Soil and Air Hygiene of the Federal Environmental Agency in Berlin.","PeriodicalId":76530,"journal":{"name":"Schriftenreihe des Vereins fur Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene","volume":"105 ","pages":"319-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21686508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Carbon, nitrogen and heavy metal dynamics in long-term wastewater irrigated Mexican soils. 长期废水灌溉墨西哥土壤的碳、氮和重金属动态。

Schriftenreihe des Vereins fur Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene Pub Date : 2000-01-01

A Herre, C Siebe, M Kaupenjohann

引用次数: 0

Resource protection and resource management of drinking water-reservoirs in Thuringia--a prerequisite for high drinking-water quality. 图林根州饮用水水库资源保护与资源管理——高饮用水质量的前提。

Schriftenreihe des Vereins fur Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene Pub Date : 2000-01-01

H Willmitzer

引用次数: 0

Groundwater protection policies and practices in the United Kingdom. 英国地下水保护政策与实践。

Schriftenreihe des Vereins fur Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene Pub Date : 2000-01-01

P A Chave

引用次数: 0

Regulation as a tool for improving the management of water supply and sanitation companies. 监管是改善供水和卫生公司管理的工具。

Schriftenreihe des Vereins fur Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene Pub Date : 2000-01-01

T Lee

引用次数: 0