American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy最新文献

{"title":"Occult Nodal Involvement in Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.","authors":"Samer T Elsamna, Aman M Patel, Ibraheem Shaikh, Lucy Revercomb, Vraj P Shah, Prayag Patel, Christina H Fang, Soly Baredes, Jean Anderson Eloy","doi":"10.1177/19458924251371257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19458924251371257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundSinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) is an aggressive subtype of sinonasal cancer. While elective neck dissection (END) is not typically recommended for SNSCC, occult nodal involvement (ONI) may be present. We therefore sought to evaluate the incidence, associated factors, and survival impact of ONI in SNSCC.MethodsThe National Cancer Database was queried for patients with SNSCC from 2004 to 2016. Data regarding patient demographics, clinicopathology, and treatment were obtained. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses were conducted to identify predictors of ONI with odds ratios (ORs) and overall survival.ResultsIn total, 522 patients satisfied inclusion criteria. Most patients were elderly (>60 years old, 55.0%), male (67.2%), White (86.4%), and insured with Medicare (44.1%). Cases of SNSCC most frequently involved the paranasal sinuses (69.7%), were T-stage 4 (50.6%), moderately differentiated (52.5%), underwent treatment at academic centers (76.4%), and lacked lymphovascular invasion (LVI, 84.4%). ONI was observed in 10.9% of patients. Following propensity score matching, ONI significantly negatively impacted survival: 3 year survival was 65% for patients without ONI and 35% for patients with ONI (log-rank <i>P</i> < .001). The highest rate of ONI was observed in patients with LVI (31.4%). On multivariate analysis, LVI was the sole predictor of ONI (OR: 6.75, 95% confidence interval: 3.09-14.73, <i>P</i> < .001).ConclusionsONI was identified in 10.9% of patients with SNSCC and was found to be a negative prognostic factor for survival. Patients with identified LVI may benefit from END.<b>Level of Evidence:</b> 4.</p>","PeriodicalId":7650,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy","volume":" ","pages":"19458924251371257"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Microplastic Inhalation on Allergic and Nonallergic Rhinitis.","authors":"Yesim Itmec, Aysegul Tuna, Ayse Fusun Kalpaklioglu, Ayse Baccioglu","doi":"10.1177/19458924251357135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19458924251357135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundMicroplastics are increasingly prevalent in daily life. While their adverse effects on health are well-known, their specific role in rhinitis has not been fully established.ObjectiveIt is known that microplastics suspended in the air have toxic effects on cells through inhalation. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the presence of microplastics in nasal lavage samples from patients in both allergic rhinitis (AR) and nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) groups.MethodsDemographic data, allergy test results, respiratory function tests, mini-Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire and Total Nasal Symptom Score of patients aged 18 to 65 years who applied to the allergy clinic were recorded. Nasal lavage fluid (NLF) samples were collected with physiological serum and placed in glass tubes for all cases. After the filtration process of the samples, microplastic counting was performed under a Stereomicroscope.ResultsA total of 90 subjects (AR: 30, NAR: 30, controls: 30), 64.4% females, within the mean age of 30.27 ± 10.53 years were investigated. Microplastic density in NLF was higher in all rhinitis patients (<i>n</i>: 60) with no difference between AR and NAR than controls (all rhinitis = 3.10 ± 1.00 particles/mL, AR = 3.23 ± 1.29 particles/mL, NAR = 2.97 ± 0.57 particles/mL, controls = 1.18 ± 0.52 particles/mL, <i>P</i> < .001). Microplastic density was higher in young subjects than in older ones (values are \"years; particles/mL\"; 18-30; 2.79 ± 1.22, 31-45; 2.18 ± 1.13, 46-60; 1.5 ± 1.09, <i>P</i> < .05). In logistic procedures, microplastic density of NLF (OR = 2.20, 95% CI [1.02 to 4.75], <i>P</i> = .04) determine the likelihood of sneezing.ConclusionsIn this study, regardless of allergy or nonallergy, higher microplastic density was found in NLF of rhinitis patients than healthy individuals. We also found quantifiable and noteworthy concentrations of microplastics in the nasal lavage of control group. These results support the idea that microplastics cause inflammation in the upper airways.</p>","PeriodicalId":7650,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy","volume":" ","pages":"19458924251357135"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144658105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lactic Acid Metabolism-Related Gene May Act as a Prognostic Predictor by FARS2 in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.","authors":"Wenxuan Huang, Huanfeng Zhu, Xiang Cao, Guannan Zou, Zixuan Wang, Dan Zong","doi":"10.1177/19458924251334856","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19458924251334856","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the clinical value of lactic acid metabolism-related genes (LRGs) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).MethodsClinical and genetic information was extracted from the TGCA and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. Consistency clustering was employed to identify NPC subpopulations. Immune infiltration was appraised using TIMER, ESTIMATE, and MCPCounter. Functional analysis was conducted to elucidate potential mechanisms. A prognostic risk model was successfully constructed using the LASSO algorithm and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Phenotypic experiments were conducted to validate the glycolysis and lactic acid metabolism.ResultsAccording to prognostically LRG genes, two clusters were identified and exhibited significant difference in immune landscape, which indicated variations in immune status. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes were predominantly implicated in immune-related pathways. These findings suggested that the LRG-based risk model could successfully predict the prognosis of NPC patients. Moreover, the risk model retained its predictive potency by stratifying patients with sex and age, with lower risk score patients displaying improved prognosis. In the training cohort, the low-risk group showed significantly lower stromal score, immune score, and ESTIMATE score compared with the high-risk group. To further enhance the precision of prognostic predictions, we developed a nomogram that integrated the risk model with clinical features. In the training cohort, the established nomogram could accurately predict the prognosis of NPC patients. Mechanically, the knockdown of FARS2 in NPC cells resulted in altered glycolysis and lactification. Deregulated FARS2 led to the accumulation of metabolic intensity, which resulted in the disruption of lactic acid metabolism.ConclusionThese results highlighted the potential association between LRGs expression and immune dysfunction, which might contribute to adverse prognosis in NPC patients. This study represented a pioneering effort in exploring the prognostic value of LRGs in NPC.</p>","PeriodicalId":7650,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy","volume":" ","pages":"309-321"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143958088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Era of Comprehensive Rhinology Is Here.","authors":"Michael Platt","doi":"10.1177/19458924251345232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19458924251345232","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7650,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy","volume":"39 4","pages":"256-258"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144257137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Topical Corticosteroid Irrigations on Sinonasal Wound Healing.","authors":"Jackson R Vuncannon, Khaled A Altartoor, Anastasia Kolousek, Ethan Roback, Andre J Burnham, Michael Koval, Prestina Smith-Davidson, Joshua M Levy","doi":"10.1177/19458924251334854","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19458924251334854","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundChronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a chronic inflammatory disease frequently requiring surgical intervention and the long-term use of topical corticosteroids to control patient symptoms. However, corticosteroids may delay postoperative recovery following sinus surgery by disrupting tissue inflammation, a key mediator of early wound healing. This study therefore seeks to assess the impact of topical corticosteroids on sinonasal epithelial healing following local injury.MethodsPrimary human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) were collected from two patients with CRSwNP and differentiated at air-liquid interface (ALI). A linear scratch was introduced to each monolayer of differentiated HNECs, followed by apical treatment with or without budesonide (2 μg/mL) to simulate topical use. Live-cell imaging assessed time to wound closure. Epithelial barrier function was assessed with trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) before the injury as a baseline, immediately post-injury, and at 12 and 24 hours.ResultsAll wounds closed within 19 hours. The average time to wound closure was 15.1 hours for CRSwNP HNECs exposed to budesonide and 12.3 hours for those exposed to control media. This difference was statistically significant (<i>P</i> = .0033) despite a relatively small cohort. TEER values universally increased following an initial drop from baseline induced by scratch injury. No statistically significant difference in TEER recovery was observed between groups.ConclusionWound closure was delayed in CRSwNP HNECs exposed to budesonide versus control; however, no wounds failed to close, and no difference was identified in the return of epithelial barrier function. Topical corticosteroids may be safely initiated 24 hours following ESS.</p>","PeriodicalId":7650,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy","volume":" ","pages":"293-299"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12379639/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143952335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postoperative Oral Corticosteroid Use Following Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Justina Shafik, Kara Sangiuolo, Eden Sheinin, Juan Lin, Meryl B Kravitz, Elizabeth A Borowiec, Christina H Fang","doi":"10.1177/19458924251335075","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19458924251335075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundPatients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) refractory to medical management often require endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Oral corticosteroids (OCSs) are frequently prescribed postoperatively, but the evidence of their efficacy is limited.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of OCS use in patients with CRS following ESS.MethodsA systematic search was performed to identify studies examining the use of OCSs in patients undergoing ESS for CRS. The primary outcomes were sinonasal outcome test (SNOT) and Lund-Kennedy (LK) endoscopic scores. Secondary outcomes were visual analog scale (VAS) scores. Meta-analysis was conducted using a fixed effects model with a heterogeneity test via the I2 statistic.ResultsThe search yielded 1899 articles, and 22 were included in the qualitative analysis, 14 of which were randomized controlled trials with 793 total patients. OCS use differed based on type, dosage, and duration. Studies included in meta-analysis did not show a significant difference in SNOT (Standardized Mean Difference [SMD] -0.03, Confidence Interval [CI] -0.47-0.40, I2 0%), LK (SMD -0.20 CI -0.57-0.17 I2 58%), or VAS (SMD 0.19 CI -0.25-0.63 I2 54%) scores between steroid and non-steroid groups. Two studies that assessed OCSs in the allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) subtype of CRS showed significant improvement in outcomes. Two additional studies examined OCS versus itraconazole in AFRS, with both groups showing improvement but neither one with greater significance.ConclusionThis study showed no significant difference in SNOT, LK, or VAS scores in patients with CRS who received OCSs following ESS. Given the limited number of studies in the analysis, further investigations are warranted before making recommendations.</p>","PeriodicalId":7650,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy","volume":" ","pages":"322-332"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143961954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Diabetes Mellitus and Allergic Diseases Sensitized by Different Allergens and the Potential Mechanism of Diabetes Mellitus Affecting Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Rhinitis.","authors":"Gan Lu, Yan Wang, Huan Huang, Hong-Li Hua, Yang Xi, Shi-Ming Chen, Yong-Gang Kong, Yu Xu, Yu-Qin Deng, Ze-Zhang Tao","doi":"10.1177/19458924251332786","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19458924251332786","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveTo investigate the association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and allergic diseases caused by different allergens and explore the mechanism of DM in allergic rhinitis (AR) induced by ovalbumin (OVA).MethodsWe established linear regression models to examine the correlation of specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) and total immunoglobulin E (TIgE) with glycohemoglobin (A1c) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in individuals allergic to different allergens by retrospectively analyzing the 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database. Participants were classified into Allergy + DM and Allergy groups based on whether they had allergic disease and DM or only allergic disease. An AR mouse model was established using OVA. Mice were randomly assigned to the control, AR, diabetic (db), or db & AR group, with 6 mice in each group. The expression of GATA3, T-bet, and Foxp3 was detected using immunofluorescence and western blotting. Cytokines, FPG, A1c, and immunoglobulin in serum were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.ResultsBased on the database, the TIgE and SIgE levels in participants with perennial allergies were lower in the Allergy + DM group than in the Allergy group, whereas those in participants with food allergies were higher in the Allergy + DM group than in the Allergy group. TIgE was negatively correlated with FPG or A1c in participants with perennial allergies and positively correlated with FPG and A1c in participants with egg allergy (among food allergens). In mice, AR symptoms, eosinophilic infiltration, and OVA-induced IgE levels were more serious in the db & AR group than in the AR group. TIgE was positively correlated with FPG, and interleukin-2 (IL-2) was negatively correlated with FPG; this was most pronounced in db & AR mice. The expression of T-bet and Foxp3 in mice was negatively associated with A1c.ConclusionsThe effect of DM on allergic diseases is related to the type of allergen. Decreased IL-2, T-bet, and Foxp3 levels resulting from elevated FPG and A1c levels may be involved in the association between OVA-induced AR and DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":7650,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy","volume":" ","pages":"271-283"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143964179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum and Tissue Periostin Expression in Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps.","authors":"Gerasimos Danielides, Spyridon Lygeros, Georgios Kyriakopoulos, Foteini Tsapardoni, Katerina Grafanaki, Constantinos Stathopoulos, Stephanos Naxakis, Vassileios Danielides","doi":"10.1177/19458924251332546","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19458924251332546","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundThere is increasing evidence of the contribution of periostin in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP).ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the expression of periostin in nasal polyp tissue along with serum periostin and its potential function as a biomarker.MethodsThe study included 36 CRSwNP patients and 12 controls. Nasal polyp tissue from CRSwNP patients and inferior turbinate mucosa samples from controls were intraoperatively collected. <i>POSTN</i> gene mRNA expression from nasal polyp tissue was assessed with polymerase chain reaction and periostin levels on tissue samples were measured with ELISA and Western Blot. ELISA was performed to evaluate serum periostin on blood samples collected from patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery for CRSwNP (<i>n</i> = 36) and results were compared with assays performed on control subjects (<i>n</i> = 12).ResultsTissue periostin gene expression in terms of mRNA levels was significantly elevated in patients with CRSwNP than in healthy control subjects (<i>P</i>-value <.05). Τissue periostin values in CRSwNP patients were also significantly higher in CRSwNP compared to controls. A positive correlation between periostin levels and the presence of asthma and smoking was observed in the patient group. Serum periostin did not present a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups.ConclusionsOur data suggest that periostin expression is upregulated in nasal polyps and might determine a crucial role in the occurrence and evolution of the disease. Periostin appears to be a promising therapeutic target candidate in CRSwNP.</p>","PeriodicalId":7650,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy","volume":" ","pages":"259-265"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143970247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Improvement in Symptoms After Sublingual Immunotherapy for Japanese Cedar Pollinosis Coincided With the Reduction in Nasal Metachromatic and Eosinophilic Cells.","authors":"Otsuka Hirokuni, Matsune Shoji, Okubo Kimihiro, Otsuka Kuninori","doi":"10.1177/19458924251332768","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19458924251332768","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background and objectivePreviously, it was reported that droplet SLIT in Japanese cedar pollinosis reduced metachromatic cell and eosinophil counts in nasal swabs along with symptom improvement. In this study, it was confirmed that SLIT using tablets also reduces the number of these cells along with symptom improvement, and examined the time course of these effects.MethodsOne hundred twenty-one visits of 57 subjects treated with SLIT occurred in our clinic between January 16 and April 8, 2023 (Jc pollen season). The 57 patients had been receiving SLIT for 0.16 to 7.8 yr, and symptoms were assessed using a self-reported questionnaire. Nasal swab cytology was used to compare the reduction in Mc, eosinophil and neutrophil numbers with that of non-SLIT 110 subjects. We then investigated the timelines of the decrease in Mc and eosinophils and their relationship to symptoms.ResultsC Subjects who received SLIT had significantly reduced moderate to most severe symptoms compared to non-SLIT subjects over the Jc pollen season. There was symptom improvement for subjects with ≤2 yr SLIT treatment, but more improvement after >2 yr of SLIT treatment. Mc and eosinophil numbers in nasal swabs of SLIT subjects were significantly lower than in non-SLIT subjects. Moreover, levels of eosinophilia decreased within 2 yr of SLIT treatment, but further decreased with >2 yr of SLIT. Mc numbers in subjects with >2 years of SLIT were significantly lower than in non-SLIT subjects. There was no significant difference in neutrophil numbers in nasal swabs between non-SLIT and SLIT subjects.ConclusionSLIT administered by tablet was effective in improving symptoms within 2 yr, and further improved after 2 yr. The eosinophil counts also decreased within 2 yr, and further decreased over 2 yr. The Mc count significantly decreased only after 2 yr of SLIT treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":7650,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy","volume":" ","pages":"300-308"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143970568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two Decades at 21%: Unchanging Gender Disparities in Rhinology Fellowships.","authors":"Taylor J Stack, Morgan N McCain, Samuel P O'Rourke, Nina Westcott, Theresa Dickerson, Cristine Klatt-Cromwell, Brian D Thorp, Brent A Senior, Charles S Ebert, Adam J Kimple","doi":"10.1177/19458924251324238","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19458924251324238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundThe representation of women in otolaryngology has increased significantly over recent decades, yet discrepancies remain in certain subspecialties, including rhinology. Despite overall improvements in gender equity within otolaryngology, the specific demographic trends and scholarly productivity of fellowship-trained rhinologists have not been thoroughly examined.ObjectiveWe aimed to address this gap by examining demographic trends and academic productivity among rhinology fellowship graduates.MethodsThis cross-sectional study examined publicly available data to analyze fellowship-trained rhinologists in the United States, focusing on gender, career stage, practice setting, h-index, and academic rank. Statistical analyses included Fischer's exact test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, ANOVA, and <i>η</i>².ResultsWe included 477 fellowship-trained rhinologists who trained at 31 fellowships. No gender differences in career stage or practice type were found. Despite an absolute increase in women per year (0 to 9, <i>η</i>² = 0.65), the percentage of women in rhinology fellowships has plateaued since 2002 (<i>η</i>² = 0.001), averaging 21.1% (SD = 10.8%). Most fellowship-trained rhinologists were mid-career, with a median of 7 practice years; 55% worked in academics, mainly as assistant professors. Overall, women rhinologists had a slightly lower h-index than men (7 vs 9; <i>P</i> = .01), but when stratified by academic rank, there was no difference in h-index between men and women.ConclusionThe percentage of women fellowship-trained rhinologists has not increased since 2002 (<i>η</i>² = 0.001), remaining at a mean of 21.1%. Contrasting with other subspecialties, women and men rhinologists have similar h-indices by academic rank. However, there are still fewer women in rhinology overall than men.</p>","PeriodicalId":7650,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy","volume":" ","pages":"266-270"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12149455/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}