Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing最新文献

{"title":"Acoustic Source Localization Based on Ultra-Narrow Band Modal Decomposition under Nonstationary Operating Conditions","authors":"Li-ao Chen,&nbsp;Qingqi Li,&nbsp;Chuanwei Li,&nbsp;Youchao Lu,&nbsp;Guoyun Huang,&nbsp;Hanzhang Huang,&nbsp;Wenkui Zhu,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Du","doi":"10.1134/S1061830925605100","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1061830925605100","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Acoustic source localization plays a vital role in fault diagnosis, and time difference of arrival (TDoA) is an important acoustic source localization method. In engineering practice, non-stationary working conditions and strong noise background bring challenges to TDoA and fault identification. In this paper, a novel acoustic source localization method called ultra-narrow band modal decomposition (UNBMD) based TDoA is proposed. First, frequency-domain windows corresponding to characteristic modes is constructed to enhance the decomposition accuracy of signal under strong noise. Second, correlation analysis is utilized to obtain accurate time delays for each channel. In the simulation studies, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and waveform similarity are adopted as evaluation metrics. Comparative analysis with variational mode decomposition and band-pass filtering methods demonstrates that the proposed approach achieves a waveform similarity of 99.86% and an SNR of 25.3427 dB, thereby exhibiting superior performance. In engineering verification, an experimental study was conducted on actual tobacco machinery. The results indicate that the proposed UNBMD-TDoA method can realize the acoustic source localization under strong noise conditions, offering a reliable technical foundation for the fault diagnosis and maintenance of mechanical systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":764,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"62 2","pages":"185 - 196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147938744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on Rail Stress Detection Based on Electromagnetic Ultrasonic Method","authors":"Chang-hong Chen,&nbsp;Chun-guang Xu,&nbsp;Guang-can Yang,&nbsp;Yong-jiang Ma,&nbsp;Shuang-xu Yang","doi":"10.1134/S1061830925604830","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1061830925604830","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In-service seamless rails are subjected to complex combinations of residual and operational stresses, and accurate assessment of their internal stress distribution is essential for maintaining track integrity and operational safety. This study introduces a noncontact nondestructive rail stress measurement approach that integrates electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) with surface-wave acoustoelastic theory. A novel EMAT with conformal meander-line coils integrated with an array of permanent magnets was designed to achieve consistent coupling with the rail head surface and efficient surface wave excitation. Key transducer parameters were optimized through simulation-based orthogonal experiments. A stress loading platform applied varying axial stresses to rail specimens; resulting changes in ultrasonic propagation time were observed to extract the acoustoelastic constant and establish a mapping between stress and time delay. Finally, an automated scanning system was utilised to measure full-length surface stress distributions on retired rail segment, revealing stress patterns closely associated with the rail’s service history and geometry. The proposed system achieved a measurement accuracy within 22 MPa and demonstrated high repeatability, indicating its potential as a reliable and efficient NDT method for stress evaluation of seamless rails.</p>","PeriodicalId":764,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"62 2","pages":"169 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147938662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing Electrophysical Parameters of Multiresonant Metamaterials on a Metal Substrate by the Method of Surface Electromagnetic Waves","authors":"A. I. Kazmin,&nbsp;P. A. Fedyunin,&nbsp;S. K. Kazmin","doi":"10.1134/S1061830926600383","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1061830926600383","url":null,"abstract":"<p>When creating various microwave devices using multiresonant metamaterials and radio-absorbing coatings based on them, it is assumed that the metamaterial is placed in the form of a plane-parallel layer on a metal substrate. Therefore, for the efficient design of such metamaterials, ensuring the necessary electrophysical parameters and their periodic quasi-homogeneity, appropriate measurement tools are required to assess their quality during the design and production processes. This paper substantiates a generalized method for locally testing the complex dielectric and magnetic permeabilities, as well as the thickness of flat-layered metamaterial samples with an arbitrary number of resonant regions on a metal substrate. In the developed method, the electrophysical parameters of the metamaterial are represented as parametric functions of frequency in accordance with the generalized Drude–Lorentz dispersion models for multiresonant metamaterials, and their evaluation is carried out by minimizing the objective function constructed from the discrepancy between the experimental and calculated theoretical values of attenuation coefficients of the surface electromagnetic wave field on a discrete frequency grid. To identify resonant regions of the metamaterial, the method includes an analysis of the frequency dependence of the surface electromagnetic wave field attenuation coefficient over a wide frequency band. The determined frequency values corresponding to the resonant regions are adopted as initial approximations for the Drude–Lorentz dispersion models when minimizing the objective function. To improve the stability of the inverse problem solution, a regularization of the solution based on a parametric optimization method is introduced into the objective function. To experimentally validate the method, a sample of a flat-layered dual-resonance metamaterial based on DBSRR (dual-band split-ring resonator) elements with negative refraction regions in the frequency ranges of 7.16–8.19 GHz and 10.1–10.9 GHz was studied. Experimental verification showed that the local values of the effective electrophysical parameters of the studied metamaterial differ from the calculated ones by no more than 10%.</p>","PeriodicalId":764,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"62 2","pages":"253 - 265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147938813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acoustic Emission Localization of Welded Pipes Using XGBoost Based on SHAP Interpretation","authors":"Haifeng Xu,&nbsp;Zhien Zhao,&nbsp;Wei Li,&nbsp;Xingyu Song,&nbsp;Haotian Zhang,&nbsp;Wubing He","doi":"10.1134/S1061830925605410","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1061830925605410","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the structural health monitoring of pipelines, the accurate localization of acoustic emission (AE) signals generated by crack propagation is critical for leakage prevention. The accuracy of the traditional time difference of arrival (TDoA) localization method drops sharply due to waveform distortion, which severely restricts the engineering application of acoustic emission technology. To address this challenge, this paper proposes an interpretable artificial intelligence localization method validated against physical principles. This method employs an XGBoost model optimized via Bayesian optimization (BO), which avoids reliance on constant wave velocity by learning multi-dimensional acoustic features. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model significantly outperforms the traditional TDoA method, reducing the mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) by 71.7 and 77.4%, respectively. The core contribution of this work lies in revealing the intrinsic mechanism behind the model’s success through SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) interpretability analysis: it achieves a transformation of the localization paradigm – independently discarding the time difference information that fails at welds, and instead learning and leveraging the acoustic low-pass filtering effect of welds, thereby effectively converting this “structural defect” (in the traditional sense) into a high-precision “acoustic landmark”. This study not only provides an intelligent localization solution with high accuracy and strong robustness, but also facilitates the in-depth application of reliable data-driven methods in the field of structural health monitoring by quantitatively verifying that the model’s decisions are consistent with physical laws. The model’s efficacy is validated under the specific experimental conditions of a straight pipe with a single butt weld, for burst-type AE sources located along a single axial path.</p>","PeriodicalId":764,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"62 2","pages":"224 - 240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147938724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Plastic Deformation on the Microstructure, Mechanical and Magnetic Properties of Multicomponent Alloys of the System CoCrFeNiAlx","authors":"E. A. Putilova,&nbsp;K. D. Malygina,&nbsp;A. A. Filippov,&nbsp;A. Yu. Ivannikov","doi":"10.1134/S106183092660036X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S106183092660036X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The article presents the results of the effect of plastic deformation by rolling on the microstructure, phase composition, mechanical and magnetic properties of multicomponent <span>({text{CoCrFeNiA}}{{{text{l}}}_{{0.8}}})</span> and <span>({text{CoCrFeNiA}}{{{text{l}}}_{{1.0}}})</span> alloys with different ratios of bcc and fcc phases. Microstructural analysis using EBSD showed that plastic deformation leads to an increase in the dislocation density, structure refinement, and the formation of predominantly deformed grains. An increase in the bcc phase content in the <span>({text{CoCrFeNiA}}{{{text{l}}}_{{1.0}}})</span> alloy leads to a 20% increase in hardness compared to the <span>({text{CoCrFeNiA}}{{{text{l}}}_{{0.8}}})</span> alloy. The strength properties of <span>({text{CoCrFeNiA}}{{{text{l}}}_{{0.8}}})</span> samples increase by 7%) after deformation. The phase morphology had a significant effect on the coercive force in the initial state, where the presence of eutectic colonies contributes to an increase in the number of interphase boundaries and hinders magnetization reversal processes. Homogenization leads to a decrease in coercivity and magnetization at the maximum applied field; this is associated with the relaxation of internal stresses and the redistribution of chemical composition, respectively. Plastic deformation (10 and 20%) leads to a considerable increase in coercivity; this is due to changes in microstructural parameters such as grain size, dislocation density, and the number of low-angle boundaries.</p>","PeriodicalId":764,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"62 2","pages":"241 - 252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147938739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Damage Detection in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites Using Acoustic Emission Technology and the ECAG-ResNet Network","authors":"Peng Jiang,&nbsp;Kunping Zuo,&nbsp;Wei Li,&nbsp;Chang Yang,&nbsp;Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1134/S1061830925605331","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1061830925605331","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Carbon fiber reinforced composites are susceptible to multiple types of damage during service in practical engineering applications, with complex interactions often occurring among different damage mechanisms. Reliable identification and characterization of these damage types are essential for ensuring the structural integrity and safe operation of composite components. In this study, acoustic emission (AE) techniques and deep learning methods are employed to classify damage modes in carbon fiber reinforced composites. A novel model, termed the efficient channel attention gated residual network (ECAG-ResNet), is developed by integrating gated convolutional layers and the efficient channel attention (ECA) mechanism into a residual network framework. The proposed model’s performance is systematically compared against five conventional baseline models. The raw acoustic emission signals are first processed using continuous wavelet transform (CWT), followed by data augmentation to enhance the model’s generalization capability during training. The wavelet-transformed and augmented data are then used as inputs to the neural network. The results indicate that the ECAG-ResNet model achieved a damage recognition accuracy of 93%, significantly outperforming traditional neural networks and effectively mitigating overfitting. This presents a novel approach for utilizing acoustic emission techniques in damage identification of composite materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":764,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"62 2","pages":"211 - 223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147938740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of the Distribution of Rotation Angles of Crystallites in Anisotropic Deposited Metal Based on Bottom Signals Measured by Antenna Arrays","authors":"E. G. Bazulin","doi":"10.1134/S1061830925606014","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1061830925606014","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Many welded joints that are inspected using ultrasonic waves have inhomogeneous anisotropic properties. The digital aperture focusing (DAF) method can reconstruct high-quality images of reflectors in such welded joints, but for this it is necessary to know the distribution of crystallite rotation angles and the elasticity coefficient tensor in the region of deposited metal. To describe the inhomogeneous anisotropic properties of the deposited metal region, it can be divided into several homogeneous anisotropic regions differing from each other only by the crystallite rotation angle. The second option involves using the MINA model, which analytically describes the crystallite rotation angles as a function of coordinates. By comparing the signals reflected from the bottom of the sample measured by two or one antenna array with the bottom signals calculated in the Kirchhoff approximation, it is possible to estimate the crystallite rotation angles and the elasticity coefficients of the deposited metal region for a given type of symmetry. When working with the MINA model, its parameters and elasticity coefficients can be estimated. The effectiveness of the proposed approach has been demonstrated in numerical and model experiments.</p>","PeriodicalId":764,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"62 2","pages":"131 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147938742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of the Elasticity Coefficients of a Homogeneous Anisotropic Material Based on Echo Signals Measured by One or Two Ultrasonic Antenna Arrays","authors":"A. E. Bazulin,&nbsp;E. G. Bazulin,&nbsp;A. V. Butov,&nbsp;A. H. Vopilkin,&nbsp;S. A. Kokolev,&nbsp;S. V. Romashkin,&nbsp;D. S. Tikhonov","doi":"10.1134/S1061830926600371","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1061830926600371","url":null,"abstract":"<p>High-strength pipes of class K60, which have anisotropic properties, are used for the construction of pipelines. When conducting ultrasonic inspection of welded joints using digital aperture focusing (DFA), it is usually assumed that sound propagates in a homogeneous isotropic medium. The DFA method can be modified to obtain images of reflectors in a homogeneous anisotropic medium, but for this one needs to know the type of symmetry and elasticity coefficients. Obtaining this information is an urgent problem. The article discusses two algorithms for estimating elasticity coefficients based on echo signals measured by one or two ultrasonic antenna arrays.</p>","PeriodicalId":764,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"62 2","pages":"156 - 168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147938725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Modal Analysis of a Turbine Blade Using Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometry in Combination with Air-Coupled Impulse Acoustic Excitation","authors":"D. A. Derusova,&nbsp;V. O. Nekhoroshev,&nbsp;V. Yu. Shpilnoi","doi":"10.1134/S1061830926600395","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1061830926600395","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A comparative analysis of contact and air-coupled approaches to acoustic excitation of a turbine blade was carried out using scanning laser Doppler vibrometry. The objective was to identify the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the blade. When contact excitation was applied using an electrodynamic shaker, modal analysis revealed eight vibration modes of the blade in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 9.5 kHz. Air-coupled acoustic excitation was implemented using a pulsed gas-discharge electroacoustic transducer operating based on a spark discharge in air at atmospheric pressure. It is shown that the gas-discharge electroacoustic transducer enables excitation of more than 30 vibration modes in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 38.5 kHz. When the air-coupled transducer was positioned 40 mm away from the blade, the vibration velocity amplitude on its surface reached 30 μm/s. Thus, the experiment confirms the feasibility of performing experimental modal analysis of a metallic part using air-coupled excitation and noncontact vibration measurement techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":764,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"62 2","pages":"145 - 155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147938726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validating the Mechanical Integrity of Treated Wastewater Mortars via Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity: Implications for NDT Standardization","authors":"Abdeslam El Ballouti,&nbsp;Zakaria Tahri","doi":"10.1134/S1061830925605161","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1061830925605161","url":null,"abstract":"<p>While the integration of treated wastewater in cementitious composites offers a vital pathway for sustainable construction, its widespread adoption hinges on the reliability of standard quality control mechanisms. This study investigated the acoustic and mechanical invariance of standardized mortars produced with potable water (Mix 1), secondary-treated wastewater (Mix 2), and tertiary-treated wastewater (Mix 3). Rather than merely assessing material performance, this research validates the robustness of ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) as a nondestructive testing (NDT) tool that requires no specific recalibration for alternative water sources. Monitoring over a 90-day curing period revealed that the fundamental constitutive relationships between the wave velocity, density, and mechanical strength remained unaffected by the water quality. The experimental density adhered strictly to the reference models (<i>R</i>² = 0.99), and a unified regression analysis demonstrated that a single predictive model accurately estimated the compressive strength (<i>R</i>² = 0.96) and static modulus (<i>R</i>² = 0.99) for all mixture types. The absence of statistically significant stratification between water sources (ANOVA, <i>p</i> &gt; 0.97) confirms that the treated wastewater does not alter the micromechanical signal propagation characteristics. Consequently, this study establishes that existing standardized NDT frameworks are directly applicable to wastewater-based mortars, thereby removing a significant technical barrier to their industrial implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":764,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"62 2","pages":"197 - 210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147938743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}