Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing最新文献

{"title":"An Ultrasonic Echo Defect Recognition Method for Oil and Gas Pipelines Combining CNN-LSTM and Multi-Head Self-Attention Mechanism","authors":"Zhanming Zhang,&nbsp;Minghui Wei,&nbsp;Zheng Wang","doi":"10.1134/S1061830925603526","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1061830925603526","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Oil and gas pipelines are crucial infrastructures in the oil and gas industry, responsible for transporting resources and connecting supply and demand. However, the complex operational environment, influenced by external and internal factors, leads to varying degrees of damage or structural failures as service time increases. If these defects are not identified and repaired promptly, they can result in serious safety incidents, endangering lives and property. To address the problems of uneven recognition accuracy and insufficient generalization ability of traditional oil and gas pipeline defect recognition and classification methods under different working conditions, the paper utilizes convolutional neural network (CNN) to extract spatial features from the ultrasonic echo sequences, which are then cascaded to long short-term memory (LSTM) network to mine the temporal features hidden within the ultrasonic echo sequences. Next, by employing a multi-head self-attention mechanism to dynamically adjust weights based on feature importance, the accuracy of defect identification and classification is improved. Validation using actual ultrasonic echo data from pipeline defects shows that the accuracy rates for identifying and classifying signals with no defects, as well as with defects at depths of 2, 5, and 8 mm, are 94, 89, 100, and 100%, respectively. The corresponding precision, recall, and F1-score all exceed 90%, significantly outperforming traditional methods. Furthermore, under the multi-condition noise resistance and generalization validation, the model consistently maintains an accuracy rate of over 90%, demonstrating robust noise resistance and strong generalization capabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":764,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"61 6","pages":"633 - 653"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145011605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonic-Based Impact Energy Level Prediction in Composite Materials Using Sequential Backward Selection and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System","authors":"A. Lourari,&nbsp;A. Bouzar Essaidi,&nbsp;B. El Yousfi,&nbsp;L. Rebhi","doi":"10.1134/S1061830925603575","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1061830925603575","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Accurately predicting impact energy levels in glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites is crucial for assessing material performance under varying impact conditions. This study presents a novel methodology that integrates sequential backward selection (SBS) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to enhance the precision of impact energy estimation using non-destructive evaluation techniques. The proposed approach begins with the application of controlled impact energies to composite specimens, followed by ultrasonic inspection using the Mistras system to acquire B-scan and C-scan images. These images are subsequently converted into representative signals, from which key indicators are extracted. To optimize computational efficiency and improve predictive accuracy, SBS is employed to systematically select the most relevant features, minimizing redundancy and noise. The refined feature set is then used as input for an ANFIS model, which effectively captures nonlinear relationships between ultrasonic data and impact energy levels. The results demonstrate the potential of integrating advanced machine learning techniques with ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation for precise and reliable impact energy prediction in composite materials. This methodology provides a robust framework for structural health monitoring and predictive maintenance in industries where composite integrity is a critical concern.</p>","PeriodicalId":764,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"61 6","pages":"654 - 669"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145011784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Gamma Level Gauging at High Temperature and Pressure Using a New Calibration Technique in the Petrochemical Industry","authors":"S. Z. Islami rad,&nbsp;R. Gholipour Peyvandi","doi":"10.1134/S1061830925603435","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1061830925603435","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The ability to precisely determine the level and height of liquids in industrial reactors and vessels that operate at high pressure and temperature plays a crucial role in the petrochemical, oil, and steel industries. Since the exact measurement of fluid or liquid levels is impossible due to high pressures and temperatures in vessels, a technique has been presented to calibrate gamma level gauges. To achieve this aim, the nuclear level gauge of a petrochemical stripper was simulated using Monte Carlo N-Particle eXtended (MCNPX) in real and operational conditions in the oil district in two stages. First, the nuclear level gauge consisting of a source, detector, and vessel (stripper), including water and air for calibration, was simulated with different height percentages. The results were compared, analyzed, and validated with experimental data in operational conditions. According to the results, the mean relative error (MRE%) was less than 6.71% and the root mean square error (RMSE) was predicted to be 0.01. The results showed that the acquired data from the simulation are in good agreement with real data (experimental). Then, the level gauge and stripper containing urea and gases at high temperature and pressure, and with similar height percentages in the first stage, were simulated. The results, which are completely consistent with the experimental findings, were converted into the required format and input into the nuclear electronic system for final calibration.</p>","PeriodicalId":764,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"61 6","pages":"715 - 723"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145011835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the Influence Factors on the Dynamic Response of a Lined Tunnel Embedded in an Inhomogeneous Half-Space Subjected to SH Waves","authors":"Song-Chol Ri,&nbsp;In-Gu Jo,&nbsp;Hyo-Song Jong,&nbsp;JongHyok Ri","doi":"10.1134/S1061830925603885","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1061830925603885","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, the influence factors on the dynamic response of a lined tunnel embedded in an inhomogeneous half-space under incident SH waves are investigated. An analytical solution for the scattering of plane SH waves by a lined tunnel embedded in an inhomogeneous half-space is derived through the complex function method and the conformal mapping technique. The analysis focuses on the treatment of straight and circular boundaries by proper coordinate transformation converting the physical plane to the corresponding image plane. The unknown coefficients for the scattered wave functions are calculated by solving a series of infinite algebraic equations. Then, the influence factors on the dynamic response of a lined tunnel in an inhomogeneous half-space are investigated through the calculation example.</p>","PeriodicalId":764,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"61 6","pages":"670 - 686"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145011602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling and Experimental Study of Thermal Equivalents of Impact Damage in Composites during the Development of Reference Samples in Thermal Testing","authors":"V. P. Vavilov,&nbsp;A. O. Chulkov,&nbsp;O. A. Ganina","doi":"10.1134/S1061830925700160","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1061830925700160","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The concept of “thermal equivalents” of impact damage in composites, created by iteratively fitting the parameters of flat bottom hole defects, has been elaborated. In thin-walled composites, impact damage tends to be located near the surface opposite to the impact, so thermal inspection on the rear surface of the product is most effective for their detection. Detection of defects on the front surface is associated with small signal amplitudes in the region of temperature indications and requires the use of the thermal equivalent of impact damage in the form of a combination of flat bottom hole defects. On the rear surface, temperature indications of impact damage are often butterfly-shaped and characterized by a large area of defect “footprints.” Single flat-bottom flaws can serve as thermal equivalents of such defects. The proposed concept of thermal equivalents of real defects in composites is verified experimentally on a carbon fiber-reinforced plastic specimen with impact damage of 62 J energy.</p>","PeriodicalId":764,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"61 6","pages":"697 - 703"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145011785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between Magnetic Parameters and the Recrystallization Degree During Annealing of Predeformed Nickel","authors":"E. A. Putilova,&nbsp;K. D. Malygina,&nbsp;L. S. Goruleva,&nbsp;V. N. Kostin,&nbsp;O. N. Vasilenko,&nbsp;V. N. Perov","doi":"10.1134/S1061830925700159","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1061830925700159","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effect of annealing temperature of nickel plastically deformed according to various schemes on the change of its microstructure and level of magnetic characteristics was investigated. The processes of recovery and recrystallization in the nickel structure are reflected quite informatively both in the change of such magnetic characteristics as coercive force and maximum magnetic permeability and in the change of the field dependence of differential magnetic permeability. In different structural states (deformed and recrystallized structures), the position of the peak of differential magnetic permeability changes, as does its height. Thus, the established patterns can be used to analyze the processes of nickel recrystallization and assess the change in its structural state during manufacturing or operation.</p>","PeriodicalId":764,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"61 6","pages":"687 - 696"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145011786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amplitude-Frequency Characteristics of Transitions as an Indicator of Structural Condition of Lloyd Media (Example of Highways)","authors":"A. N. Tiraturyan,&nbsp;A. A. Lyapin","doi":"10.1134/S1061830925700111","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1061830925700111","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Elastic half-space models are widely used in geophysics and road science. In road science, these models are most often used to study the stress-strain state of pavements, which are artificially created layered media on the surface of the soil and geological massif, the main task of which is to distribute and transfer the load from a moving vehicle and ensure the comfort and safety of the user, as well as the durability of the road. Taking into account the common properties of road pavement and geological environment, methods close to geophysical methods are becoming more and more widespread when assessing the condition of road pavements. In the article the method of harmonic analysis is applied, which is realized to calculate the main characteristics of the response of layered media to test shock loading. Calculations of the amplitude–frequency characteristic of displacements at the point of shock loading were performed, and the change of its shape depending on the elastic moduli of the half-space layers was analyzed. It was found that a decrease in the elastic modulus of intermediate layers forms a pronounced ‘plateau’ in the low-frequency response of displacements. Decrease in the elastic modulus of the upper layer of the medium leads to an increase in the amplitude of displacements as the frequency increases. An increase in the elastic modulus of the underlying half-space leads to the appearance of an inflection point localized in the region of 500 rad/s, separating the amplitude–frequency response of displacements into two sections. The obtained results can be used in the development of nondestructive testing methods for layered media, oriented on the recording and analysis of the displacement amplitude–frequency response.</p>","PeriodicalId":764,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"61 5","pages":"538 - 546"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144990611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Predicting Failure in Carbon/Epoxy Specimens with Nol Ring Test and Acoustic EMISSION Analysis”","authors":"D. S. Manoj Abraham,&nbsp;R. Joselin,&nbsp;D. F. Jingle Jabha","doi":"10.1134/S1061830924603520","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1061830924603520","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The rapid growth of filament winding techniques for fabricating plastic composite structures has not been matched by advancements in testing and evaluation methods. The Naval Ordnance Laboratory (NOL) ring test has emerged as a valuable technique for assessing filament wound composites, proving useful for material comparison in research and development, as well as quality control. Internal pressure is applied to ring-shaped specimens in a manner similar to burst testing used for pressure vessels. This method allows direct observation of fracture behavior within FRP layers, which is not possible with actual pressure vessels. This paper standardizes ring fabrication and testing methods for determining ring tensile strength and demonstrates the benefits of ring burst tests. Fracture analysis of carbon/epoxy NOL rings, under both defect-free and adverse conditions, was conducted using acoustic emission (AE) measurements to understand strength degradation. A mathematical method was also created to predict the failure load of carbon/epoxy NOL rings with a reasonable margin of error. The simplicity and cost-effectiveness of this method make it a practical alternative to burst tests of pressure vessels.</p>","PeriodicalId":764,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"61 5","pages":"547 - 556"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144990595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selecting Optimum Air Gap Length in Air-Coupled Ultrasonic Through-Transmission Testing of Products Made of Polymer Materials","authors":"V. K. Kachanov,&nbsp;I. V. Sokolov,&nbsp;M. A. Karavaev","doi":"10.1134/S1061830924603465","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1061830924603465","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In air-coupled ultrasonic nondestructive testing of a number of products (biological objects, products made of chemically active or explosive materials), the amplitude of the electrical signal applied to the transmitting piezoelectric transducer is limited and, in some cases, cannot exceed a value of the order of <i>U</i> ~ 10–15 V. In this case, the sensitivity of testing is considerably reduced and therefore all possible ways should be used to increase it. First of all, piezoelectric transducers with the highest possible electroacoustic conversion coefficient should be used. In addition, it is necessary to select such an air gap length <span>({{d}_{{{text{air}}}}})</span> between the transmitting transducer and the test object that ensures the maximum amplitude of the ultrasonic emission signal “at the input” of the product. Since the maximum amplitude of the ultrasonic signal emitted by the transducer is located in the near field of the transducer, it is necessary to select the value <span>({{d}_{{{text{air}}}}})</span> corresponding to the length of the near field of the transmitting transducer in air, provided that in this case there is no re-reflections of the emission signals in the air gap. In turn, this requires the use of short (broadband) ultrasonic signals and, consequently, the use of ultrasonic broadband piezoelectric transducers. \u0000The article shows that the parameters of the matching layers of the air-coupled ultrasonic piezoelectric transducer affect both the bandwidth of the transducer and the spatial characteristics of the transducer, including the position of the acoustic field maximum. It is shown that it is possible to determine the maximum of the ultrasonic broadband signal in air in order to determine the optimal length of the air gap, at which the ultrasonic signal with maximum amplitude is emitted into the product, by analyzing the correlation distribution of the field of an air-coupled broadband transducer. \u0000The results of the experiments are presented, confirming the necessity of providing the optimum length of the air gap between the air-coupled ultrasonic transmitting transducer and the test object to increase the sensitivity of through-transmission testing of simulators of products made of explosive materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":764,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"61 5","pages":"505 - 516"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144990541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Texture Filtering in Clustering of X-ray Computed Tomography Data of Products Made from Polymer Composite Materials","authors":"A. V. Shirshin,&nbsp;A. V. Fedorov,&nbsp;I. S. Zheleznyak,&nbsp;S. A. Peleshok","doi":"10.1134/S1061830925700123","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1061830925700123","url":null,"abstract":"<p>X-ray computed tomography (XCT) is one of the most informative methods of nondestructive testing of polymer composite materials (PCMs) and products made of them. One of the important stages of the XCT of PCM products is segmentation, the automation of which is of research interest. In the segmentation process, it is important to identify isotexture zones containing local X-ray density variations. In this paper we investigate the possibilities of three-dimensional texture filtering (Gaussian filter, Gabor filters) in clustering of X-ray computed tomography data by simple linear iterative clustering (SLIC) algorithm and evaluated their efficiency in terms of parameters: the share of mismatch between the boundaries of clusters and the boundaries of segmented areas and sphericity of clusters, as well as the performance in terms of the time to partition the dataset into the required number of clusters. The results of the study show that the application of three-dimensional texture filters improves the clustering accuracy and sphericity of isotexture clusters of PCM product XCT data without any considerable increase in clustering time compared to the raw data. The maximum increase in clustering accuracy was observed when using a combination of Gaussian and Gabor filters, while clustering time increased.</p>","PeriodicalId":764,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing","volume":"61 5","pages":"591 - 595"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144990612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}