American Journal of Biomedical Engineering最新文献_第2页

Depth of Cure and Microhardness of Nanofilled, Packable and Hybrid Dental Composite Resins 纳米填充、可包装和混合牙科复合树脂的固化深度和显微硬度

American Journal of Biomedical Engineering Pub Date : 2013-01-07 DOI: 10.5923/J.AJBE.20120206.03

M. El-Nawawy, Lubna Koraitim, O. Abouelatta, Hanan Hegazi

{"title":"Depth of Cure and Microhardness of Nanofilled, Packable and Hybrid Dental Composite Resins","authors":"M. El-Nawawy, Lubna Koraitim, O. Abouelatta, Hanan Hegazi","doi":"10.5923/J.AJBE.20120206.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJBE.20120206.03","url":null,"abstract":"Resin-based composites are used worldwide in dentistry as they are used in a huge variety of clinical applications, as an esthetic restorative material with excellent physical and mechanical properties when adequate polymerization is obtained. In this study, depth of cure and microhardness of three composites were measured and compared. A total of sixty hu man mandibular first molars were used. The teeth were d ivided into three main groups (20 teeth each) according to the co mposite resins that were used. In group I, Surefil (packab le co mposite) was used as the restorative material. In group II, Esthet-X-improved (nanofilled co mposite) was used, while in group III Glacier (hybrid co mposite) was used. Each group was subdivided into four subgroups (five teeth each) according to the storage intervals (24 hours, one week, two weeks, and three weeks). In each group, occlusomesial cavities were prepared with diamond burs and restored with the composite, according to manufacturer's instructions. In all specimens, composite was applied to the cavity using incremental technique. All the restored teeth were subjected to in v itro thermal cycling and mechanical loading simulat ing a total o f six months in vivo function. Depth of cure was evaluated using penetrometer and microhardness was measured using Vicker's microhardness tester. A significant difference in depth of cure and microhardness were found between the three composites used. Depth of cure and microhardness of the packable composite was better than the other two composites used. There was a fairly good correlation between the microhardness and the depth of cure for the three co mposite materials.","PeriodicalId":7620,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"18 1","pages":"241-250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90447732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 24

Biomedical Magnesium Alloys: A review of material properties, surface modifications and potential as a biodegradable orthopaedic implant 生物医用镁合金:材料性能、表面修饰及其作为可生物降解骨科植入物的潜力综述

American Journal of Biomedical Engineering Pub Date : 2013-01-07 DOI: 10.5923/J.AJBE.20120206.02

G. Poinern, S. Brundavanam, D. Fawcett

{"title":"Biomedical Magnesium Alloys: A review of material properties, surface modifications and potential as a biodegradable orthopaedic implant","authors":"G. Poinern, S. Brundavanam, D. Fawcett","doi":"10.5923/J.AJBE.20120206.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJBE.20120206.02","url":null,"abstract":"Magnesium and magnesium based alloys are lightweight metallic materials that are extremely biocompatible and have similar mechanical properties to natural bone. These materials have the potential to function as an osteoconductive and biodegradable substitute in load bearing applications in the field of hard tissue engineering. However, the effects of corrosion and degradation in the physiological environment of the body has prevented their wide spread application to date. The aim of this review is to examine the properties, chemical stability, degradation in situ and methods of improving the corrosion resistance of magnesium and its alloys for potential application in the orthopaedic field. To be an effective implant, the surface and sub-surface properties of the material needs to be carefully selected so that the degradation kinetics of the implant can be efficiently controlled. Several surface modification techniques are presented and their effectiveness in reducing the corrosion rate and methods of controlling the degradation period are discussed. Ideally, balancing the gradual loss of material and mechanical strength during degradation, with the increasing strength and stability of the newly forming bone tissue is the ultimate goal. If this goal can be achieved, then orthopaedic implants manufactured from magnesium based alloys have the potential to deliver successful clinical outcomes without the need for revision surgery.","PeriodicalId":7620,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"78 1","pages":"218-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74160719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 271

Electrochemical synthesis, characterisation, and preliminary biological evaluation of an anodic aluminium oxide membrane with a pore size of 100 nanometres for a Potential Cell Culture Substrate 一种孔径为100纳米的阳极氧化铝膜作为潜在的细胞培养基质的电化学合成、表征和初步生物学评价

American Journal of Biomedical Engineering Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.5923/J.AJBE.20130306.01

G. Poinern, X. Le, Marion E Hager, T. Becker, D. Fawcett

{"title":"Electrochemical synthesis, characterisation, and preliminary biological evaluation of an anodic aluminium oxide membrane with a pore size of 100 nanometres for a Potential Cell Culture Substrate","authors":"G. Poinern, X. Le, Marion E Hager, T. Becker, D. Fawcett","doi":"10.5923/J.AJBE.20130306.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJBE.20130306.01","url":null,"abstract":"In this study we investigate the electrochemical synthesis and characterisation of a nanometre scale porous anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) membranes with a mean pore diameter of 100 nm. The membranes exhibit interesting properties such as controllable pore diameters, periodicity and density distribution. These properties can be preselected by adjusting the controlling parameters of a temperature controlled two-step anodization process. The surface features of the nanometre scale membrane such as pore density, pore diameter and inter-pore distance were quantified using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). A preliminary biological evaluation of the membranes was carried out to determine cell adhesion and morphology using the Cercopithecus aethiops[African green monkey – (Vero)] kidney epithelial cell line. Optical microscopy, FESEM and AFM investigations revealed the presence of focal adhesion sites over the surface of the porous membranes. The positive outcomes of the study, indicates that AAO membranes can be used as a viable tissue scaffold for potential tissue engineering applications in the future.","PeriodicalId":7620,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"43 1","pages":"119-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82336184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Image Quality Assessment of Head CT: Control Charts as an Useful Instrument 头部CT图像质量评价:控制图作为一种有用的工具

American Journal of Biomedical Engineering Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.5923/S.AJBE.101310.01

J. Guiomar, L. Ribeiro, A. Ribeiro, A. Abrantes, J. Pinheiro, Rui Almeida, Kevin Azevedo

引用次数: 6

Image Quality Control in Digital Radiology. American Journal of Biomedical Engineering 数字放射学中的图像质量控制。美国生物医学工程杂志

American Journal of Biomedical Engineering Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.5923/S.AJBE.101310.02

A. Abrantes

引用次数: 0

Anabolic steroid treatment induces cardiac autonomic dysfunction in rats: time-course of heart rate variability 合成代谢类固醇治疗诱导大鼠心脏自主神经功能障碍:心率变异性的时间过程

American Journal of Biomedical Engineering Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.5923/J.AJBE.20130303.02

M. Marocolo, A. Maior, P. Katayama, G. Mota, O. Neto, Andrezza Lauria, E. Santos

{"title":"Anabolic steroid treatment induces cardiac autonomic dysfunction in rats: time-course of heart rate variability","authors":"M. Marocolo, A. Maior, P. Katayama, G. Mota, O. Neto, Andrezza Lauria, E. Santos","doi":"10.5923/J.AJBE.20130303.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJBE.20130303.02","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to investigate time-course of cardiac autonomic activity in rats treated with nandrolonedecanoate (DECA). Twenty male Wistar rats received weekly 10 mg.Kg-1 of DECA (DG) or vehicle (CG) during 8 weeks. To heart rate variability analysis SDNN (standard deviation of RR intervals), RMSSD (square root of the mean squared differences of successive RR intervals), pNN5 (percentage of successive RR interval differences greater than 5ms) and Poincare analysis was applied in time-domain. Additionally, power spectral was decomposed into high (HF: 0.8-2.5Hz) and low-frequency (LF: 0.2-0.85Hz). For the HF component, differences were found between DG and CG during 4th, 6th and 8th weeks. Progressive increase in the LF-HF ratio was found in DG, resulting in significant differences between groups in 4th, 6th, 7th and 8th weeks. DG showed decreased from 24.5±7.2ms2 to 3.9±2.55ms2 in HF corresponding (83.9% of alteration). Power spectral density function for HF corresponded to 26.3±8.3% and 26.5±4.1% in the 1st and 8th weeks (P=NS) for CG, whereas the DG showed reduced significantly from 26.4±3.6% (1st) to 18.99±2.7% (8th week). Cardiac autonomic dysfunction may constitute an early consequence of DECA administration and an important marker of arrhythmia vulnerability and sudden death identification.","PeriodicalId":7620,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"48 1","pages":"54-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89976182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Towards Implementation of Ethical Principles: Privacy and Confidentiality in Medical Data Mining—Indian Scenario 伦理原则的实施:医疗数据挖掘中的隐私和机密性-印度场景

American Journal of Biomedical Engineering Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.5923/J.AJBE.20120205.02

A. U M, Anandakumar. K. R

{"title":"Towards Implementation of Ethical Principles: Privacy and Confidentiality in Medical Data Mining—Indian Scenario","authors":"A. U M, Anandakumar. K. R","doi":"10.5923/J.AJBE.20120205.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJBE.20120205.02","url":null,"abstract":"Datasets constitute a fundamental part of any medical research. Medical data sets (ie, medical records) are generally noted to be large, comp lex, heterogeneous, hierarchical, t ime related, and of varying quality. Such frag mented and distributed data sets challenge efficient data integration and interpretation. Application of data min ing techniques for healthcare related data will be h ighly rewarding. Lack of do main knowledge within healthcare providers calls for active collaboration between the doctor and data miner. Ethical concerns, especially issues of consent and confidentiality have resulted in the introduction of stringent regulations in doing this form o f research in Ind ia. However we found that only 16% of the reviewed publications in medical data mining within India reported of having undergone ethical rev iew. This suggests that the ethical considerations while p racticing data mining is very much undermined. It is mandatory to obtain ethical and legal clearance fro m reg ional as well as Institutional Ethics Rev iew Board (IERB), before using data min ing tools in health care research.","PeriodicalId":7620,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"27 1","pages":"202-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89257152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

New Segmentation Approach to Extract Human Mandible Bones Based on Actual Computed Tomography Data 基于实际计算机断层扫描数据的人类下颌骨分割新方法

American Journal of Biomedical Engineering Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.5923/J.AJBE.20120205.01

T. M. Nassef

引用次数: 21

A Preliminary Investigation into the Design of an Implantable Optical Blood Glucose Sensor 植入式光学血糖传感器设计的初步研究

American Journal of Biomedical Engineering Pub Date : 2012-08-31 DOI: 10.5923/J.AJBE.20110102.11

A. Trabelsi, M. Boukadoum, M. Siaj

{"title":"A Preliminary Investigation into the Design of an Implantable Optical Blood Glucose Sensor","authors":"A. Trabelsi, M. Boukadoum, M. Siaj","doi":"10.5923/J.AJBE.20110102.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.AJBE.20110102.11","url":null,"abstract":"A preliminary investigation into the design of a near-infrared (NIR) optical bio-implant for accurate meas- urement of blood glucose level is reported. The use of an array of electrically pumped vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) diodes at specific wavelengths for high-power narrow single-frequency emission leads to a high signal-to-noise ratio in the measured NIR absorption spectrum while maximizing the sensor's sensitivity to small absorption changes. The emission wavelengths lie within the combination and first-overtone spectral bands known to be dominated by glucose absorption information. A Quantum well infrared (QWI) photodiode transducer senses the received optical power after passing through the blood sample, followed by an artificial neural network (ANN) for the measurement of glucose in a whole blood matrix. For an independent test set made with fresh bovine blood, the optimal ANN topology for processing the two selected spectral bands yielded a standard error of prediction of 0.42 mM (i.e., 7.56 mg/dl) over the glucose level range of 4−20 mM. The empirical results obtained with a prototype mounted on PCB for blood glucose monitoring are closely correlated with the absorption spectra collected on a Vertex 70 Bruker spectrometer.","PeriodicalId":7620,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biomedical Engineering","volume":"34 1","pages":"62-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73118626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Detection and Quantification of Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque Using Different Imaging Modalities 不同成像方式对冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块的检测和定量

American Journal of Biomedical Engineering Pub Date : 2012-08-31 DOI: 10.5923/J.AJBE.20120202.01

M. K. Moridani

引用次数: 1