Mental retardation最新文献

{"title":"Average per person Medicaid long-term services costs increased at one fourth the rate of inflation between 1993 and 2004 with shift to home- and community-based services.","authors":"Charlie Lakin, Robert Prouty, Kathryn Coucouvanis","doi":"10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[381:APPMLS]2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[381:APPMLS]2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76152,"journal":{"name":"Mental retardation","volume":"43 5","pages":"381-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25275469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Esophageal obstruction by a lemon that required esophagotomy: thoughts on prevention.","authors":"Gham-Shyam Lohiya,&nbsp;Lilia Tan-Figueroa,&nbsp;Hung Van Le,&nbsp;Lucia Rusu","doi":"10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[317:EOBALT]2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[317:EOBALT]2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A patient with pica and Lennox Gastaut syndrome suddenly refused oral intake. Neck radiographs revealed no foreign body. Barium swallow identified an irregular filling defect in the cervical esophagus. Esophagoscopy showed a gold ball-like object (half a lemon) 3 cm distal to the cricopharyngeus. This object had to be removed by esophagotomy after failed attempts with flexible and rigid esophagoscopy, laryngoscopy, and a Foley catheter. The charge for her 39-day hospitalization was $282,761. She had ingeniously procured and swallowed the lemon despite a full-face plastic shield and staff surveillance. In nonverbal persons, medically unexplainable abrupt food-refusal is an emergency. Prevention necessitates attention to pica, impulsivity, dentition, food consistency, eating utensils, seizures, environment, adaptive equipment, and surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":76152,"journal":{"name":"Mental retardation","volume":"43 5","pages":"317-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25273945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Families, research, and systems change.","authors":"Sue Swenson","doi":"10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[365:FRASC]2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[365:FRASC]2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"Even today, moms and dads of kids with disabilities are sometimes counseled that a child’s disability will make life harder for the other children in the family. We are seldom told how they will love each other or learn from each other. ‘‘He is heavy, and he’s my brother,’’ my sons would say. Disability is real, and so is love. Lifting weights makes you stronger; transferring your brother makes you stronger. Caring for your brother makes you stronger, too. The heart is a muscle. It is commonplace for moms and dads to worry:","PeriodicalId":76152,"journal":{"name":"Mental retardation","volume":"43 5","pages":"365-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25275467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Siblings of children with disabilities: research themes.","authors":"Zolinda Stoneman","doi":"10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[339:SOCWDR]2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[339:SOCWDR]2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Until the early 1980s, most researchers paid little attention to sibling relationships. Studies of mothers dominated the research agenda, to the almost total exclusion of fathers, extended families, and siblings. Although in early classic studies of families of children with disabilities, investigators embraced a family systems approach that included siblings, this emphasis did not take root until recently. There has been an impressive growth in the number of published studies focusing on siblings of children with disabilities. In this paper, my goal is to examine themes in this research and reflect on our state of knowledge.</p>","PeriodicalId":76152,"journal":{"name":"Mental retardation","volume":"43 5","pages":"339-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[339:SOCWDR]2.0.CO;2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25275463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life course studies of siblings of individuals with developmental disabilities.","authors":"Marsha Mailick Seltzer,&nbsp;Jan S Greenberg,&nbsp;Gael I Orsmond,&nbsp;Julie Lounds","doi":"10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[354:LCSOSO]2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[354:LCSOSO]2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"The sibling relationship constitutes the longestlasting family tie, beginning with the birth of theyounger sibling and ending with the death of onemember of the sibling pair. Siblings share a com-mon family heritage, both genetically and experi-entially, and perhaps for this reason, the sibling re-lationship is normatively characterized as egalitari-an, reciprocal, and mutual. How is the sibling re-lationship distinct when one member of the siblingpair has a developmental disability? Aspects of thesibling tie might be atypical in this context, in sev-eral respects. For example, the duration of the re-lationship might be shorter, as some individualswith developmental disabilities have a more limitedlife-span. In addition, there may be less genetic andexperiential similarity between members of the sibpair and less egalitarianism and reciprocal exchangedue to unequal abilities and patterns of life courseoutcomes. However, there may also be greater con-tinuity in contact across the life course when thesibling has a developmental disability.Most past researchers of siblings of individualswith developmental disabilities have focused on thesibling pair during childhood (Stoneman, 1998;Stoneman & Berman, 1993). However, individualswith developmental disabilities tend to live wellinto adulthood and now commonly reach old age.Therefore, there is a need to extend our investiga-tion of the sibling relationship when one has a de-velopmental disability across the life course to bet-ter elucidate whether and how this relationshipchanges when the siblings grow up. Among thegeneral population, the sibling relationship has sig-nificant life course variation, as the intense involve-ment that characterizes sibling interactions duringchildhood give way to more disengaged relation-ships during the young adult years, followed by areintensification of the sibling bond during midlifeand older age (Cicirelli, 1982; Goetting, 1986).How these life course patterns are manifested whenone sibling has a developmental disability is the fo-cus of this review.","PeriodicalId":76152,"journal":{"name":"Mental retardation","volume":"43 5","pages":"354-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[354:LCSOSO]2.0.CO;2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25275465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of life dimensions for adults with developmental disabilities: a comparative study.","authors":"Kathy Sheppard-Jones,&nbsp;H Thompson Prout,&nbsp;Harold Kleinert","doi":"10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[281:QOLDFA]2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[281:QOLDFA]2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The quality of life construct has gained prominent attention in human services over the last 20 years. We investigated whether quality of life differences exist between adults with developmental disabilities and the general population. Differences were found in scales measuring well-being and decision-making as well as other more specific variables. The two groups also differed in overall quality of life; those with developmental disabilities had lower quality of life. A logistic regression model comprised of the life dimensions differentiated between the groups with over 90% accuracy. Overall results of this static group comparison indicate that adults with developmental disabilities are at a significant disadvantage with regard to quality of life in comparison with the general population.</p>","PeriodicalId":76152,"journal":{"name":"Mental retardation","volume":"43 4","pages":"281-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[281:QOLDFA]2.0.CO;2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24883664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"I'd rather watch TV\": an examination of physical activity in adults with mental retardation.","authors":"Georgia C Frey,&nbsp;Alice M Buchanan,&nbsp;Dawn D Rosser Sandt","doi":"10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[241:IRWTAE]2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[241:IRWTAE]2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interpretive ethnography was used as a framework to examine perceptions of physical activity behavior of 12 adults with mild mental retardation. Four parents and two job supervisors also agreed to participate. Multiple data sources included in-depth interviews, diaries, accelerometry, and informal observations. Participants reported many physical activity barriers, benefits, and leisure choices similar to the general population; however, two particularly salient themes related to negative influences and lack of guidance from support systems were apparently unique to this group. Results suggest that (a) adults with mental retardation need specially designed physical activity education and training programs and (b) supports system providers should be educated regarding the importance of physical activity to health for these individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":76152,"journal":{"name":"Mental retardation","volume":"43 4","pages":"241-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[241:IRWTAE]2.0.CO;2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24883661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First, do no harm--an argument against mandatory high-stakes testing for students with intellectual disabilities.","authors":"Leslie Johnson","doi":"10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[292:FDNHAA]2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[292:FDNHAA]2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"Prium non nocere or ‘‘First, do no harm’’ is traditionally associated with the Hippocratic oath that medical doctors take. The premise of this quote is that no matter what end result you are attempting to achieve, whether it be curing a patient or educating a child, your first consideration should be that no harm be done in pursuit of the goal. When this is applied to the special education classroom, mandatory high-stakes testing for students with intellectual disabilities violates this principle on many levels. According to the American Association on Mental Retardation website, the definition of mental retardation, another term for intellectual disabilities, is A disability characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills. This disability originates before 18. [There are five assumptions essential to the application of this definition]: 1. Limitations in present functioning must be considered within the context of community environments typical of the individual’s age, peers, and culture. 2. Valid assessment considers cultural and linguistic diversity as well as differences in communication, sensory, motor, and behavioral factors. 3. Within an individual, limitations often coexist with strengths.","PeriodicalId":76152,"journal":{"name":"Mental retardation","volume":"43 4","pages":"292-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[292:FDNHAA]2.0.CO;2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24883665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Family experiences associated with a child's diagnosis of fragile X or Down syndrome: evidence for disruption and resilience.","authors":"Julie Poehlmann,&nbsp;Melissa Clements,&nbsp;Len Abbeduto,&nbsp;Venous Farsad","doi":"10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[255:FEAWAC]2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[255:FEAWAC]2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although previous findings have shown that parents react intensely to the initial diagnosis of their child's disability, studies focused on long-term outcomes and adjustment are needed. We interviewed 21 mothers whose adolescent or young adult was diagnosed with Down syndrome or fragile X syndrome. Qualitative analysis of data focused on the diagnostic process and the child's development revealed emergent themes: importance of context, variations in emotional reactions to the diagnosis, use of specific coping strategies, and changes in family adaptation over time. Results indicate most families experienced elements of disruption and resilience in their reactions to the diagnosis, although different patterns emerged for each syndrome group. Maternal descriptions highlighted positive attributes that contributed to family well-being and behavioral challenges that were a source of family stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":76152,"journal":{"name":"Mental retardation","volume":"43 4","pages":"255-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[255:FEAWAC]2.0.CO;2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24883662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Own home and host family options growing rapidly as more than 70% of residential service recipients with ID/DD in 2004 live in settings of 6 or fewer.","authors":"Kathryn Coucouvanis,&nbsp;Robert Prouty,&nbsp;K Charlie Lakin","doi":"10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[307:OHAHFO]2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[307:OHAHFO]2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76152,"journal":{"name":"Mental retardation","volume":"43 4","pages":"307-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[307:OHAHFO]2.0.CO;2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24883666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}