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Mental disabilities in Western civilization from Ancient Rome to the Prerogativa Regis. 西方文明中的精神残疾，从古罗马到君主特权。
Mental retardation Pub Date : 2006-02-01 DOI: 10.1352/0047-6765(2006)44[28:MDIWCF]2.0.CO;2
Gershon Berkson
{"title":"Mental disabilities in Western civilization from Ancient Rome to the Prerogativa Regis.","authors":"Gershon Berkson","doi":"10.1352/0047-6765(2006)44[28:MDIWCF]2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1352/0047-6765(2006)44[28:MDIWCF]2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A preliminary survey of formal concepts of disability from the Twelve Tables of Rome of the 5th century BCE to the Prerogativa Regis in English law of the late 13th century CE is presented. Firm conclusions are restricted by problems in translation and other limitations in available data. However, it appears that the concept of intellectual disability and its distinction from episodic mental illness first emerged in several subcultures of Western civilization during the height of ancient imperial Rome and during the early medieval period in Northern European and Arabic civilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":76152,"journal":{"name":"Mental retardation","volume":"44 1","pages":"28-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1352/0047-6765(2006)44[28:MDIWCF]2.0.CO;2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25793682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
Against psychotherapy with people who have mental retardation: in response to the responses. 反对对智力迟钝的人进行心理治疗。
Mental retardation Pub Date : 2006-02-01 DOI: 10.1352/0047-6765(2006)44[71:APWPWH]2.0.CO;2
Peter Sturmey
{"title":"Against psychotherapy with people who have mental retardation: in response to the responses.","authors":"Peter Sturmey","doi":"10.1352/0047-6765(2006)44[71:APWPWH]2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1352/0047-6765(2006)44[71:APWPWH]2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76152,"journal":{"name":"Mental retardation","volume":"44 1","pages":"71-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1352/0047-6765(2006)44[71:APWPWH]2.0.CO;2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25793686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Power of a poet: Karl Williams. 诗人的力量:卡尔·威廉姆斯。
Mental retardation Pub Date : 2006-02-01 DOI: 10.1352/0047-6765(2006)44[74:POAPKW]2.0.CO;2
Robert Perske
{"title":"Power of a poet: Karl Williams.","authors":"Robert Perske","doi":"10.1352/0047-6765(2006)44[74:POAPKW]2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1352/0047-6765(2006)44[74:POAPKW]2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76152,"journal":{"name":"Mental retardation","volume":"44 1","pages":"74-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1352/0047-6765(2006)44[74:POAPKW]2.0.CO;2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25793687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Social role valorization insights into the social integration conundrum. 社会角色增值对社会整合难题的洞察。
Mental retardation Pub Date : 2006-02-01 DOI: 10.1352/0047-6765(2006)44[1:SRVIIT]2.0.CO;2
Raymond Lemay
{"title":"Social role valorization insights into the social integration conundrum.","authors":"Raymond Lemay","doi":"10.1352/0047-6765(2006)44[1:SRVIIT]2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1352/0047-6765(2006)44[1:SRVIIT]2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>More and more persons with mental retardation and psychiatric disabilities are present in mainstream society, yet have little interaction and few relationships outside their own peer groups of devalued persons. Social integration remains a desirable yet elusive goal for most human service organizations, and there continues to be a certain amount of confusion about what constitutes social integration. Recent reviews in North America and Europe testify to the difficulty of achieving social integration, particularly for people with mental retardation and psychiatric disabilities. Social role valorization, with its use of the social role concept, provides useful insights and tools for analyzing the social integration conundrum. A social role conceptualization of social integration is proposed and an illustrative example is provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":76152,"journal":{"name":"Mental retardation","volume":"44 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1352/0047-6765(2006)44[1:SRVIIT]2.0.CO;2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25794314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 58
Impact of information and weekly contact on attitudes of Korean general educators and nondisabled students regarding peers with disabilities. 信息和每周接触对韩国普通教育工作者和非残疾学生对残疾同龄人态度的影响。
Mental retardation Pub Date : 2005-12-01 DOI: 10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[401:IOIAWC]2.0.CO;2
JooHye Kim, Eunhye Park, Martha E Snell
{"title":"Impact of information and weekly contact on attitudes of Korean general educators and nondisabled students regarding peers with disabilities.","authors":"JooHye Kim,&nbsp;Eunhye Park,&nbsp;Martha E Snell","doi":"10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[401:IOIAWC]2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[401:IOIAWC]2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Effects of written information and weekly special educator contact on general educators in Seoul, Korea was examined. Special educators prepared a weekly newsletter to educate teachers on how to include children with disabilities in their classrooms for part of the day. Participants were 30 general educators and 300 nondisabled peers of the students with disabilities. A pretest-posttest control group was used to assess teacher efficacy, attitudes of general educators toward inclusion, and peer acceptance of children with disabilities. We conducted ANCOVAS on posttest scores of three measures, considering pretest scores of each survey as the covariate. General educators in the information group showed significantly higher scores in teacher-efficacy and attitudes toward inclusion. Their nondisabled students showed significantly higher acceptance scores than did controls.</p>","PeriodicalId":76152,"journal":{"name":"Mental retardation","volume":"43 6","pages":"401-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[401:IOIAWC]2.0.CO;2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25683141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 24
Progress toward a national objective of healthy people 2010: "reduce to zero the number of children 17 years and younger living in congregate care". 在实现2010年全民健康目标方面取得的进展:"将生活在集体照料下的17岁及以下儿童人数降至零"。
Mental retardation Pub Date : 2005-12-01 DOI: 10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[456:PTANOO]2.0.CO;2
Robert Prouty, K Charlie Lakin, Kathryn Coucouvanis, Linda Anderson
{"title":"Progress toward a national objective of healthy people 2010: \"reduce to zero the number of children 17 years and younger living in congregate care\".","authors":"Robert Prouty,&nbsp;K Charlie Lakin,&nbsp;Kathryn Coucouvanis,&nbsp;Linda Anderson","doi":"10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[456:PTANOO]2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[456:PTANOO]2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76152,"journal":{"name":"Mental retardation","volume":"43 6","pages":"456-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[456:PTANOO]2.0.CO;2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25683150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Resting metabolic rate is not reduced in obese adults with Down syndrome. 患有唐氏综合症的肥胖成人的静息代谢率没有降低。
Mental retardation Pub Date : 2005-12-01 DOI: 10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[391:RMRINR]2.0.CO;2
Bo Fernhall, Arturo Figueroa, Scott Collier, Styliani Goulopoulou, Ifigenia Giannopoulou, Tracy Baynard
{"title":"Resting metabolic rate is not reduced in obese adults with Down syndrome.","authors":"Bo Fernhall,&nbsp;Arturo Figueroa,&nbsp;Scott Collier,&nbsp;Styliani Goulopoulou,&nbsp;Ifigenia Giannopoulou,&nbsp;Tracy Baynard","doi":"10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[391:RMRINR]2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[391:RMRINR]2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Resting metabolic rate (RMR) of 22 individuals with Down syndrome was compared to that of 20 nondisabled control individuals of similar age (25.7 and 27.4 years, respectively). Using a ventilated hood system, we measured RMR in the early morning after an overnight fast. Peak aerobic capacity (VO2peak) and body composition were also determined. Resting metabolic rate was not different between groups. Adjusting RMR for body weight or body surface area did not change these findings. Using stepwise regression for the total population and each subgroup, we found that only body surface area was a significant predictor of RMR. These data show that individuals with Down syndrome do not have lower RMR than their nondisabled peers, suggesting that reduced RMR does not explain the high incidence of obesity in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":76152,"journal":{"name":"Mental retardation","volume":"43 6","pages":"391-400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[391:RMRINR]2.0.CO;2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25691891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 30
Strange shift in the case of Daryl Atkins. 达里尔·阿特金斯的案子发生了奇怪的转变。
Mental retardation Pub Date : 2005-12-01 DOI: 10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[454:SSITCO]2.0.CO;2
Robert Perske
{"title":"Strange shift in the case of Daryl Atkins.","authors":"Robert Perske","doi":"10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[454:SSITCO]2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[454:SSITCO]2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76152,"journal":{"name":"Mental retardation","volume":"43 6","pages":"454-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[454:SSITCO]2.0.CO;2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25683149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Walking habits of adults with mental retardation. 智障成人的行走习惯。
Mental retardation Pub Date : 2005-12-01 DOI: 10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[421:WHOAWM]2.0.CO;2
Heidi I Stanish, Christopher C Draheim
{"title":"Walking habits of adults with mental retardation.","authors":"Heidi I Stanish,&nbsp;Christopher C Draheim","doi":"10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[421:WHOAWM]2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[421:WHOAWM]2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The walking activity of men and women with mental retardation residing in community settings was described. Participants were 38 women (M age=.7, SD=9.5) and 65 men (M age=35.9, SD=11.2). They wore pedometers for 7 days. A 2 x 2 factorial ANOVA indicated no significant gender differences in total step counts or between participants with and those without Down syndrome. A post-hoc analysis revealed that participants walked less on Saturday than during the weekdays. Only 21.1% of the women and 21.5% of the men with mental retardation accumulated the recommended 10,000 steps per day.</p>","PeriodicalId":76152,"journal":{"name":"Mental retardation","volume":"43 6","pages":"421-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[421:WHOAWM]2.0.CO;2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25683143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 45
Descriptive assessment of sleep patterns among community-living adults with mental retardation. 社区生活成人智力迟钝患者睡眠模式的描述性评估。
Mental retardation Pub Date : 2005-12-01 DOI: 10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[416:DAOSPA]2.0.CO;2
James K Luiselli, Christine Magee, James M Sperry, Shawn Parker
{"title":"Descriptive assessment of sleep patterns among community-living adults with mental retardation.","authors":"James K Luiselli,&nbsp;Christine Magee,&nbsp;James M Sperry,&nbsp;Shawn Parker","doi":"10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[416:DAOSPA]2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[416:DAOSPA]2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is little information about the sleep patterns of adults who have mental retardation and are supported in the community. In the present study, direct-care staff recorded sleep behaviors of 59 adults residing in 16 suburban group homes. Based on direct observation and measurement procedures, the adults averaged 7.9 hours of sleep each evening and had low incidence of sleep problems. Sleep duration was not influenced by age, gender, degree of mental retardation, or psychiatric status. Adults taking antidepressant medication (SSRI) had fewer hours of sleep. We discuss implications of these findings and factors contributing to healthy sleep hygiene among community-living adults with mental retardation.</p>","PeriodicalId":76152,"journal":{"name":"Mental retardation","volume":"43 6","pages":"416-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[416:DAOSPA]2.0.CO;2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25683142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
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