Russian Journal of Electrochemistry最新文献_第9页

Green Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles by Allium schoenoprasum Ethanolic Extract: Application as a Catalyst for Glucose Non-Enzymatic Sensing 绿色合成氧化铜纳米颗粒的葱乙醇提取物：作为葡萄糖非酶感应催化剂的应用

IF 0.8 4区工程技术

Russian Journal of Electrochemistry Pub Date : 2025-10-29 DOI: 10.1134/S1023193524601694

Mobina Eskandari, Banafsheh Norouzi

{"title":"Green Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles by Allium schoenoprasum Ethanolic Extract: Application as a Catalyst for Glucose Non-Enzymatic Sensing","authors":"Mobina Eskandari,  Banafsheh Norouzi","doi":"10.1134/S1023193524601694","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1023193524601694","url":null,"abstract":"A simple synthesis using Allium schoenoprasum plant extract as a reducing agent has been done for the preparation of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs). Firstly, copper ions are reduced to copper atoms by plant extract, and then, they could be changed to CuO during calcination. Some techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–visible (UV–Vis), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrochemical methods have been applied to the evaluation of the CuO NPs formation. These results showed that CuO NPs were synthesized with uniform spherical morphology and crystallite size was about 41 nm. The electrochemical studies have been performed using a modified carbon paste electrode with CuO (CPE/CuO). This modified electrode depicted electrocatalytic activity to oxidation of glucose without enzyme. The linear dynamic range of this modified electrode and the limit of detection (LOD) were 1–120 and 0.8 μmol L–1 (3δ), respectively. Simplicity, low cost, and ease of preparation are the prominent features of this sensor. Also, the stability, reproducibility, and repeatability of this modified electrode are acceptable.","PeriodicalId":760,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","volume":"61 8","pages":"433 - 445"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145384678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Anhydrous Hydrogen Fluoride as a Solvent for Electrolytes of Supercapacitors Operating at Extremely Low Temperatures 无水氟化氢作为极低温超级电容器电解液的溶剂

IF 0.8 4区工程技术

Russian Journal of Electrochemistry Pub Date : 2025-10-29 DOI: 10.1134/S102319352460144X

A. M. Skundin, D. Yu. Gryzlov, A. Yu. Rychagov, F. A. Voroshilov, T. L. Kulova, V. N. Andreev

引用次数: 0

Development of Magnetron Protective Coatings of Chromium Nitrides and Carbides on Titanium Bipolar Plates of a Fuel Cell with Proton-Exchange Membrane 质子交换膜燃料电池钛双极板氮化铬和碳化物磁控管防护涂层的研制

IF 0.8 4区工程技术

Russian Journal of Electrochemistry Pub Date : 2025-10-29 DOI: 10.1134/S1023193525600610

S. I. Nefedkin, G. V. Kachalin, V. E. Eletskikh, O. S. Zilova, V. A. Kasyanenko

{"title":"Development of Magnetron Protective Coatings of Chromium Nitrides and Carbides on Titanium Bipolar Plates of a Fuel Cell with Proton-Exchange Membrane","authors":"S. I. Nefedkin, G. V. Kachalin, V. E. Eletskikh, O. S. Zilova, V. A. Kasyanenko","doi":"10.1134/S1023193525600610","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1023193525600610","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents results of a study of titanium bipolar plates of fuel cells with proton-exchange membrane with functional coatings based on chromium nitride, carbide and carbonitride, obtained by magnetron sputtering of a chromium target in argon plasma with different nitrogen and propane contents. The microstructure and morphology of pure CrN and CrС films on titanium and composite coatings of chromium carbonitride CrхNyСz were studied. The protective chromium carbide films obtained by adding propane to argon plasma were shown to exhibit increased contact surface resistance at the gas diffusion electrode/bipolar plate interface (CrС: ICR = 119.4 mΩ cm2). However, for chromium carbonitride coatings this quantity is only 1.9 mΩ cm2, which is lower than for pure CrС films and significantly lower than for uncoated titanium (Ti: ICR = 38.9 mΩ cm2). This is an important indicator for using such bipolar plates in fuel cell power plants with high specific characteristics. Corrosion measurements performed using conventional techniques showed that the corrosion current for chromium carbonitride was less than 1 μA/cm2, which is better than for uncoated titanium and pure CrN and CrC films.","PeriodicalId":760,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","volume":"61 8","pages":"459 - 468"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145384789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dielectric Relaxation and Protonic Conductivity of Substitutional Solid Solutions and Composites Based on Polyantimonic Acid and Containing Niobium (5+) Ions 基于聚锑酸和含铌（5+）离子的取代固溶体及其复合材料的介电弛豫和质子电导率

IF 0.8 4区工程技术

Russian Journal of Electrochemistry Pub Date : 2025-10-29 DOI: 10.1134/S1023193525600737

L. Yu. Kovalenko, E. A. Belyaeva, E. S. Karabel’nikova, D. S. Ryashentsev, D. A. Zakhar’evich, V. A. Burmistrov, V. E. Zhivulin

{"title":"Dielectric Relaxation and Protonic Conductivity of Substitutional Solid Solutions and Composites Based on Polyantimonic Acid and Containing Niobium (5+) Ions","authors":"L. Yu. Kovalenko, E. A. Belyaeva, E. S. Karabel’nikova, D. S. Ryashentsev, D. A. Zakhar’evich, V. A. Burmistrov, V. E. Zhivulin","doi":"10.1134/S1023193525600737","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1023193525600737","url":null,"abstract":"Substitutional solid solutions based on polyantimonic acid H2Sb2 – xNbxO6·nH2O (left( {n geqslant 1} right)) and their composites H2Sb2 – xNbxO6·0.5yNb2O5 nH2O (left( {n geqslant 1} right)) the promising components for low-temperature fuel cell membranes, are synthesized by coprecipitation. The Nb5+ ions which have the similar radius and electronegativity as the Sb5+ ions are used as the dopant. The elemental composition of samples (the Nb5+/Sb5+ ratio) is refined using X-ray fluorescence analysis. The solid solution composition, limiting as regards the dopant concentration, i.e., H2Sb1.6Nb0.4O6·nH2O ions increase the lattice parameter for the samples with 0 < x ≤ 0.4. By analyzing the dielectric properties and the protonic conductivity of samples at a temperature of 25°C and a relative humidity of 58%, it is shown that the sample with x = 0.6 has the best transport properties. Its protonic conductivity is 11.5 × 10–3 S/m. The protonic conductivity of polyantimonic acid and the solid solution with the limiting dopant concentration (x = 0.4) is 7.2 × 10–3 and 5.0 × 10–3 S/m, respectively. A possible mechanism of protonic conduction is proposed, namely, the correlated proton transport along a certain chain of hydrogen bonds through channels in the pyrochlore structure and through the intergranular space that contains adsorbed water and niobic acid.","PeriodicalId":760,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","volume":"61 8","pages":"496 - 504"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145384676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comprehensive Investigation of High-Performance Green-Synthesized NaTi2(PO4)3 Nanocomposites for Advanced Electrochemical Energy Storage Applications 高性能绿色合成NaTi2(PO4)3纳米复合材料在先进电化学储能应用中的综合研究

IF 0.8 4区工程技术

Russian Journal of Electrochemistry Pub Date : 2025-10-29 DOI: 10.1134/S1023193524601517

Edwin U. Onoh, Peredy Khwesa, Imosobomeh L. Ikhioya, Chawki Awada, Adil Alshoaibi, Assumpta C. Nwanya, Fabian I. Ezema

{"title":"Comprehensive Investigation of High-Performance Green-Synthesized NaTi2(PO4)3 Nanocomposites for Advanced Electrochemical Energy Storage Applications","authors":"Edwin U. Onoh, Peredy Khwesa, Imosobomeh L. Ikhioya, Chawki Awada, Adil Alshoaibi, Assumpta C. Nwanya, Fabian I. Ezema","doi":"10.1134/S1023193524601517","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1023193524601517","url":null,"abstract":"Through a comprehensive characterization approach, this NaTi2(PO4)3/AC nanocomposites study meticulously analyzes the crystal structure, morphology, elemental composition, and electrochemical behavior of these nanocomposites to unlock their potential for energy storage. XRD analysis confirms the successful formation of the composite, revealing distinct peaks characteristic of non-layered activated carbon and crystalline NaTi2(PO4)3. While the Electrochemical characterization shows that the nanocomposite demonstrates excellent rate capability, retaining 90% of its capacitance even after 3500 cycles, while delivering a high energy density of 89 W h kg–1 at a remarkable power density of 231 W kg–1. Density functional theory (DFT) analysis indicates that the NaTi2(PO4)3 is a promising candidate for energy storage application due to its combined mechanical stability and good electronic conductivity, attributed to Ti 3d orbitals near the Fermi level. These exceptional combined properties position this novel material as a strong candidate for next-generation energy storage applications.","PeriodicalId":760,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","volume":"61 8","pages":"408 - 424"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145384717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Causes of Occurrence and Methods of Prevention of Corrosion of Cans for Food Products 食品罐头腐蚀的发生原因及预防方法

IF 0.8 4区工程技术

Russian Journal of Electrochemistry Pub Date : 2025-10-29 DOI: 10.1134/S1023193525600257

J. N. Pejić, B. V. Jegdić, B. M. Radojković, A. R. Simović, A. S. Popović, S. G. Eraković Pantović, D. D. Marunkić

{"title":"Causes of Occurrence and Methods of Prevention of Corrosion of Cans for Food Products","authors":"J. N. Pejić, B. V. Jegdić, B. M. Radojković, A. R. Simović, A. S. Popović, S. G. Eraković Pantović, D. D. Marunkić","doi":"10.1134/S1023193525600257","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1023193525600257","url":null,"abstract":"The corrosion resistance and material properties of tinplate cans used in a food production facility in Serbia were analyzed to identify the causes of corrosion occurring at the junction between the lid and the can body. The composition of the steel sheet, the tin coating, the type of passive layer, and the organic coating were determined using different analytical methods (XRF, SEM/EDS, and FTIR). Corrosion resistance was determined using the EIS method and by directly immersing the samples with an artificial defect in a diluted NaCl solution. The tin coating was passivated with titanium oxide, to which an organic coating was applied. When filled cans are laced, at the joint between the lid and the can body, the organic coating is locally damaged, and subsequently, steel corrosion occurs. The insufficient thickness of the tin coating (~0.1 µm), and pour wet adhesion of the organic coating are the main causes of steel corrosion in the gap between the lid and the can body. The application of the passive layers that ensure good adhesion of the covering organic coating and application an organic coatings of the new generation that have property of self-healing is probably the promising solution for this problem.","PeriodicalId":760,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","volume":"61 8","pages":"446 - 458"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145384672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation of the Starch Electrocatalytic Oxidation in an Acidic Environment with the Oxidant In Situ Regeneration 酸性环境下淀粉电催化氧化及氧化剂原位再生的研究

IF 0.8 4区工程技术

Russian Journal of Electrochemistry Pub Date : 2025-10-29 DOI: 10.1134/S1023193525600567

S. N. Kapaeva, G. V. Kornienko, V. L. Kornienko, S. A. Novikova, S. D. Kirik, T. Y. Ivanenko, O. P. Taran

{"title":"Investigation of the Starch Electrocatalytic Oxidation in an Acidic Environment with the Oxidant In Situ Regeneration","authors":"S. N. Kapaeva, G. V. Kornienko, V. L. Kornienko, S. A. Novikova, S. D. Kirik, T. Y. Ivanenko, O. P. Taran","doi":"10.1134/S1023193525600567","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1023193525600567","url":null,"abstract":"The electrocatalytic oxidation of potato starch by potassium and sodium iodate in a two-chamber electrolytic cell on lead dioxide and glassy-carbon electrodes in acidic medium with the oxidant in situ regeneration is studied, in dependence on the current density, substrate concentration, oxidant nature, and reaction temperature. The optimal conditions for the production of the oxidized starch, its dialdehyde, were determined: the electrolysis time 120 min, the ultrasonic treatment time 30 min, the substrate concentration 13.3 g/L, the KIO3 oxidant concentration 0.93 g/L, the current density 25 mA/cm2, the carbonyl group content for PbO2 48%; for glassy carbon, 56%. The products were identified by IR and NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry. The temperature regime and ultrasound treatment of the initial starch are shown to have a significant effect on the periodate oxidation process. Analysis of the IR spectra shows that after the starch electrochemical oxidation, a new absorption band at 1730 cm–1 appears in the oxidized sample spectrum, related to the aldehyde C=O bond stretching vibrations. The kinetics of accumulation of starch oxidation products is investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis elucidated a change in the ratio between the crystalline component (amylose) and starch amylopectin during the periodate oxidation.","PeriodicalId":760,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","volume":"61 8","pages":"486 - 495"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145384677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ni–Co-Based Electrodes for Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Water Electrolysis 碱水电解中析氧反应的镍钴基电极

IF 0.8 4区工程技术

Russian Journal of Electrochemistry Pub Date : 2025-10-29 DOI: 10.1134/S1023193525600579

V. N. Kuleshov, S. V. Kurochkin, N. V. Kuleshov, M. A. Klimova, O. Yu. Grigorieva

{"title":"Ni–Co-Based Electrodes for Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Water Electrolysis","authors":"V. N. Kuleshov, S. V. Kurochkin, N. V. Kuleshov, M. A. Klimova, O. Yu. Grigorieva","doi":"10.1134/S1023193525600579","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1023193525600579","url":null,"abstract":"An original method for fabricating Ni–Co electrodes is proposed. The electrochemical behavior of the electrodes as the anodes in an alkaline electrolytic cell is studied. It is found that the electrodes exhibit the catalytic activity toward the oxygen evolution reaction, reducing its overpotential. For example, at a current density of 1 A/cm2 and a temperature of 85°C, the overpotential decreases by 390 mV compared to the Ni electrode. The advantage of the electrodes is the absence of any coating on their surface that can exfoliate during the electrode operation and lead to its irreversible degradation. The Ni–Co electrodes are tested in the 6 M KOH solution at a temperature of 85°C and a current density of 300 mA/cm2, i.e., under the conditions as close as possible to the operating conditions for the alkaline electrolyzers for 500 h. It is shown that after the tests, the electrode surface remained with no visible signs of degradation such as cracking, exfoliation and other mechanical damage. At the same time, a small but irreversible increase of the voltage is observed in the current–voltage characteristics, which may indicate a decrease of the catalytic properties of the electrode surface.","PeriodicalId":760,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","volume":"61 8","pages":"469 - 478"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145384675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Flexible Enzymatic Sensor for Glucose and Uric Acid Detection in Sweat 用于汗液中葡萄糖和尿酸检测的柔性酶传感器

IF 0.8 4区工程技术

Russian Journal of Electrochemistry Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1134/S1023193525600051

Mei Wang, Huijie Lou, Zhonghua You, Hao Zheng, Liying Jiang

{"title":"A Flexible Enzymatic Sensor for Glucose and Uric Acid Detection in Sweat","authors":"Mei Wang, Huijie Lou, Zhonghua You, Hao Zheng, Liying Jiang","doi":"10.1134/S1023193525600051","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1023193525600051","url":null,"abstract":"This study developed a high-performance, flexible electrochemical sensor for detecting glucose and uric acid in sweat. The sensor, based on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPE), incorporates gold and Prussian blue (PB) as electron mediators. Glucose oxidase (GOx) and uric acid oxidase are then drop-cast onto the modified electrode to complete sensor fabrication. Key performance factors, including enzyme amounts and binder type, were optimized. The flexible glucose sensor showed a linear range of 0–10 µM with a maximum sensitivity of 579.06 µA/mM cm–2, and 10–100 µM with 32.37 µA/mM cm–2 sensitivity. The flexible uric acid sensor exhibited a linear range of 4–30 µM with a maximum sensitivity of 341.13 µA/mM cm–2. Both sensors showed good selectivity and minimal interference from common substances like ascorbic acid, KCl, and NaCl, ensuring reliability in complex environments. In practical tests with real sweat samples, both sensors displayed stable performance, with measured glucose and uric acid concentrations closely matching theoretical values, confirming their potential for accurate detection. A smartphone app displays test results, enabling users to monitor their health without needing prior sensor knowledge.","PeriodicalId":760,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","volume":"61 7","pages":"309 - 321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhanced CO Poisoning Resistance for HOR of PEMFC by Ni-Doped Pt-Based Catalysts 镍掺杂pt基催化剂增强了PEMFC的耐CO中毒性能

IF 0.8 4区工程技术

Russian Journal of Electrochemistry Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1134/S1023193524600986

Miaomiao He, Zhixia Deng, Zehao Tan, Jiewei Yin, Qu Feng, Yong Feng

{"title":"Enhanced CO Poisoning Resistance for HOR of PEMFC by Ni-Doped Pt-Based Catalysts","authors":"Miaomiao He, Zhixia Deng, Zehao Tan, Jiewei Yin, Qu Feng, Yong Feng","doi":"10.1134/S1023193524600986","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1023193524600986","url":null,"abstract":"Fuel cells are efficient power generation devices that directly convert chemical energy into electrical energy through chemical reactions. Fuel cell vehicles powered by proton exchange membrane fuel cells have many advantages, such as low operating temperature, quick start-up, high energy density, high power density, and fast response to load changes. However, the performance of the catalyst in the anode reaction deteriorates sharply due to the extreme sensitivity of Pt atoms to CO in the anode reaction. CO easily occupies the reactive sites of Pt atoms, leading to a significant decrease in the catalytic performance of the anode reaction. Therefore, in this study, the impregnation reduction method is used to introduce transition metal Ni elements to modify Pt/C catalysts to enhance the CO tolerance of Pt-based catalysts. In a H2 + 100 ppm CO atmosphere, the mass-specific activity (MA) reaches 1.307 A/mg, which is 3.48 times that of commercial Pt/C catalysts The influence of different Ni element ratios on the resistance of Pt-based catalysts to CO poisoning is analyzed, providing a new approach for developing anode catalysts with high CO tolerance.","PeriodicalId":760,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","volume":"61 7","pages":"333 - 343"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0