Russian Journal of Electrochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Electrochemical Energy Converters in Decentralized Power Systems","authors":"S. I. Nefedkin,&nbsp;Ya. V. Isaev,&nbsp;V. D. Mikhnevich,&nbsp;V. E. Yeletsky,&nbsp;M. A. Klimova","doi":"10.1134/S1023193524700629","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1023193524700629","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The electrochemical energy converters are described which, depending on the type, can be used both for generating electric energy and its accumulation in the form of chemical energy of active substances. An alternative scheme of the guaranteed supply of electricity and heat is considered for a region remote from the centralized energy supply but with a high potential of wind energy generation and hydrogen energy storage without using any imported or local fuel. The scheme includes a wind energy complex, i.e., a farm of wind turbines localized in sites with the high wind potential, which guarantees the electricity supply even during low wind periods. All surplus electricity is consumed in the thermoelectric heating of water in storage tanks and the hydrogen production by water electrolysis. Hydrogen is either stored or supplied to the fuel cell plant (used in windless periods or as an alternative power source) and to the hydrogen condensing boiler in heat-deficiency periods. The annual hydrogen energy balance, the necessary number of wind turbines, the parameters of the equipment scheme are calculated, and the capacity factors of the installed equipment are estimated for a real autonomous region (Novikovo village, Sakhalin island). The main prerequisites for the implementation of the alternative scheme of electricity and heat supply that uses no imported fuel but operates on wind power and electrochemically converted energy are shown.</p>","PeriodicalId":760,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","volume":"60 Based","pages":"987 - 998"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145121419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Decade of Advancement in Nanomaterials-Based Electrochemical Sensors: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"S. D. Anudevi,&nbsp;K. Kumar Ebenezar,&nbsp;G. S. Hikku,&nbsp;Shoba Narayan","doi":"10.1134/S1023193524600962","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1023193524600962","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Literature on electrochemical sensors highlights its expanding role in biomedical applications, supported by advancements in nanotechnology. This paper briefly explores the development and need for nanomaterials-based sensors with advanced technologies emphasizing sensitivity and selectivity and the critical role of electrochemical sensors in medicine. The devices that convert chemical reactions into measurable electrical signals have evolved significantly since its inception in the 18th century. Understanding advancements in nanotechnology, these sensors now play a crucial role in healthcare, enabling continuous monitoring, non-invasive diagnostics, and precise detection of various biological analytes. Numerous advancements, including fabrication techniques such as 3D printing, artificial intelligence and the internet of things, MXene, wearable sensors, and other analytical methods to enhance the performance and functionalities of electrochemical sensors, such as cancer detection, glucose monitoring, wearable health devices, etc. Based on the Google Scholar search, this review provides insights into the different nuances of electrochemical sensors developed since 2014.</p>","PeriodicalId":760,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","volume":"60 Based","pages":"1175 - 1197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145121440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of the Charge–Discharge Cycle of a Hydrogen–Bromine Battery with an IrO2–TiO2 Cathode on a Titanium Felt in the Full Capacity Utilization Mode","authors":"N. V. Romanova,&nbsp;D. V. Konev,&nbsp;D. S. Muratov,&nbsp;E. A. Ruban,&nbsp;D. O. Tolstel,&nbsp;M. Z. Galin,&nbsp;V. V. Kuznetsov,&nbsp;M. A. Vorotyntsev","doi":"10.1134/S1023193524700538","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1023193524700538","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The charging/discharging cyclic process in a hydrogen–bromine battery is studied. Porous titanium felt with IrO₂–TiO₂-mixed-oxide coating in contact with aqueous HBr/Br₂ solution is used as positive electrode (the cathode). A hydrogen gas-diffusion electrode with Pt–C catalytic layer served as negative electrode. The hydrogen ion is transferred between the electrodes through a GP-IEM 103 perfluorinated sulfocation-exchange membrane. The morphology, phase, and chemical composition of the cathode material are characterized using scanning electron microscopy with X-ray spectral microanalysis, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The condition for switching between the charging and discharging stages within each cycle (the voltage upper limit) is so chosen as to minimize the amount of bromide and polybromide anions relative to the molecular bromine formed at the end of the charging stage (oxidation of Br^–), instead of the traditionally used approach which includes only partial conversion of bromide to bromine, in order to increase the stability of the latter in the form of polybromide complexes. Charge–diacharge tests of the hydrogen–bromine battery are carried out in the galvanostatic mode at three current densities: 25, 50, and 75 mA/cm². Comparison of the charge and average voltage values in the course of the electrical energy generation (the discharge stage) and storage (the charge stage) shows that the highest efficiency of the cycle is achieved at the current density of 50 mA/cm². This value of the charging/discharging current density also corresponds to the maximal utilization of the electrolyte redox-capacity. The stability of the mixed-oxide cathode material used in contact with bromine compounds in acidic environment is found to exceed significantly that of the carbon paper. The principal reason of the decrease of the battery capacity from cycle to cycle is the molecular bromine absorption by elements of the system contacting the catholyte: components of the membrane–electrode assembly, pipelines, and elements of the pump that ensures the circulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":760,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","volume":"60 Based","pages":"1061 - 1072"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145121454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physics of Homogeneous Isotropic Turbulence","authors":"John Newman,&nbsp;James Trainham","doi":"10.1134/S1023193524700617","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1023193524700617","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The approach taken here is to build on the success of the Dissipation Theorem used to elucidate steady turbulent shear flows and apply it to homogeneous isotropic turbulence where the various physical mechanisms can be treated simultaneously by the development of a predictive method. For some time, it has been assumed that small eddies dissipate faster than large eddies and that energy is transferred from larger to smaller eddies to facilitate the overall process. In 1895, Osborne Reynolds [1] described in detail how velocity fluctuations generate turbulent dissipation and stress which are significantly larger than those due to local averaged velocity and pressure gradients. Here it is shown how the decay process can be explained by the turbulent-dissipation mechanism, with little or no inter-eddy transfer. In a homogeneous system, momentum transfer is not important, and a mechanical-energy balance is used instead. With no energy source, both volumetric dissipation and mechanical energy decrease with time. Apparent energy transfer among eddies of different size can be due to diffusion of spectral energy in wave-number space or due to elongation of eddies or due to eddies breaking into smaller eddies. The assumed initial energy spectrum continues to be reflected in the energy profile for a substantial time. This indicates that, in experimental systems, the total initial energy is concentrated near a wave number corresponding to the mesh spacing of the grid. The total mechanical energy is inversely proportional to time except for very early times and very late times. Experimental data of Comte-Bellot and Corrsin [2] are shown for comparison. The use of modified variables to eliminate the density and viscosity allows results to be applied to any Newtonian fluid and clarifies thinking about dimensional issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":760,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","volume":"60 Based","pages":"1073 - 1086"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145121463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical and Molecular Docking Studies on DNA, HSA and BSA Bindings and In Silico Physicochemical Properties of (E)-1-((2,4-dichlorophenylimino)methyl)naphthalen-2-ol and (E)-1-((2-chloro-4-nitrophenylimino)methyl)naphthalen-2-ol","authors":"Ender Biçer,&nbsp;Neslihan Özdemir,&nbsp;Mustafa Macit","doi":"10.1134/S1023193524700484","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1023193524700484","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The binding interactions of (<i>E</i>)-1-((2,4-dichlorophenylimino)methyl)naphthalen-2-ol (DCPIMN) and (<i>E</i>)-1-((2-chloro-4-nitrophenylimino)methyl)naphthalen-2-ol (CNPIMN) with some biomolecules, namely, calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA) and serum albumins (HSA and BSA) were investigated by square-wave voltammetry (SWV) at physiological pH of 7.40. Also, the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) profiles of DCPIMN and CNPIMN were reported. DCPIMN had an irreversible voltammetric peak at −1.352 V on the mercury electrode at pH 7.40. However, in physiological pH, electrochemical experiments revealed that CNPIMN showed two irreversible cathodic peaks owing to reductions of nitro and azomethine moieties, respectively. The variations in the current and potential values of reduction signals of DCPIMN and CNPIMN with adding of different concentrations of these biomolecules (BMs) were followed. The voltammetric experiments showed that although DCPIMN interacted with these BMs, CNPIMN only interacted with HSA. The binding constants (<i>K</i>) of these 1 : 1 interactions were calculated from electrochemical data. These <i>K</i> values showed that the binding strength of BSA to DCPIMN is stronger than those of HSA and ct-DNA compounds. Moreover, CNPIMN binds more strongly to HSA than DCPIMN. On the other hand, the molecular docking studies of DCPIMN and CNPIMN were carried out to evaluate their theoretical binding affinities. The binding affinity (BA) of BSA (–8.9 kcal/mol) with DCPIMN is higher than those of A-DNA, B-DNA and HSA. In addition, the BA value of HSA with CNPIMN is also greater than that of its interaction with DCPIMN. From the molecular docking results, it was found that there was a hydrogen bond between −NO₂ group of CNPIMN and ARG117 residue of HSA. Finally, pharmacokinetic properties of these Schiff bases exhibited that DCPIMN has the capability of blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration; however, CNPIMN does not have this feature.</p>","PeriodicalId":760,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","volume":"60 Based","pages":"937 - 955"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical Studies and Molecular Docking Applications for the Interactions of a Riminophenazine Antibiotic Clofazimine with Serum Albumins (HSA and BSA) and Calf-Thymus DNA","authors":"Ender Biçer,&nbsp; Serhat Bozkurt","doi":"10.1134/S1023193524700472","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1023193524700472","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The interactions of clofazimime (CLF) with human serum albumin (HSA), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA) were studied by square-wave voltammetry (SWV) at physiological pH. The cyclic voltammogram of CLF gave three reversible redox peak couples in the studied medium. SWV data showed that the cathodic current of CLF decreased by adding of HSA, BSA and ct-DNA owing to the molecular binding interactions. For these binding processes, thermodynamic quantities (Δ<i>G</i>°, Δ<i>H</i>° and Δ<i>S</i>°) and binding constants (<i>K</i>) were obtained and calculated from voltammetry data in the temperature range 295–310 K. Also, the molecular docking studies were carried out to obtain theoretical information about the interactions of CLF with A-DNA, B-DNA and serum albumins. The results of docking applications showed that CLF had the highest binding affinity (BA) for BSA.</p>","PeriodicalId":760,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","volume":"60 Based","pages":"922 - 936"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of the Thickness of a Carbon-Black Active Layer on the Properties of Combined Electrodes in a Cell of the Vanadium Redox Flow Battery","authors":"A. N. Voropay,&nbsp;E. D. Vladimir,&nbsp;E. S. Osetrov,&nbsp;A. A. Usenko,&nbsp;E. O. Deryabina,&nbsp;V. V. Zueva","doi":"10.1134/S1023193524700460","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1023193524700460","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The development of vanadium redox flow batteries requires elaborating new materials to improve their performance. To date, the studies of electrode materials for these energy storage devices are focused on increasing their specific power and energy efficiency. It is known that the energy efficiency can be increased by reducing the electrode polarization, which hinders the transport of the ions that carry charge between half-elements. This can be achieved for an electrochemically active layer localized immediately near the membrane surface. For this purpose, it is proposed to use bilayer composite electrodes with the active layer localized immediately at the electrode/membrane boundary. For the active layer of carbon black CH210 and a PVDF binder with a loading of 20 mg/cm², the energy efficiency stays and a level of 79.6% for the current density of 150 mA/cm². However, an increase in the layer thickness reduces the discharge capacity to 1% of its initial value corresponding to the uncoated electrode at a current density of 25 mA/cm². Thus, the development of an active layer on the surface of a commercially available GFD 4.6 EA material by airbrush spraying is a fairly simple way to increase the efficiency of the charge-discharge cycle for a cell in a vanadium redox flow battery.</p>","PeriodicalId":760,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","volume":"60 Based","pages":"913 - 921"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemistry of Azure C Adsorbed on Glassy Carbon and Screen-Printed Graphite Electrodes from Reline and Phosphate Buffer","authors":"A. V. Porfireva,&nbsp;T. N. Kulikova,&nbsp;G. A. Evtugyn","doi":"10.1134/S1023193524700435","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1023193524700435","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The electrochemical activity of the phenothiazine dye Azure C adsorbed in a single potential cycle from either a phosphate buffer or a deep eutectic solvent (reline) is studied on the glassy-carbon and screen-printed graphite electrodes. A stable voltammetric signal from the dye can be obtained and remains unchanged in the subsequent multiple potential scans. The Azure C adsorption from the phosphate buffer produces a multilayer coating in which the electron exchange formally corresponds to the diffusion–adsorption limiting stage. The super-Nernstian slope of the dependence of the equilibrium potential of adsorbed Azure C on the pH points to significant contributions by the protonation of various adsorbed dye forms and this process’s multistep nature. The adsorption of Azure C from reline does not affect significantly the morphology of voltammograms. The less efficient adsorption is manifested by the lower current peak of the dye and the adsorption control over the limiting stage. The differences in the behavior of Azure C adsorbed from the phosphate buffer and reline can be attributed to the changes in the degrees of agglomeration and hydration of the dye. Electrodes modified with Azure C can electrostatically accumulate native and thermally denatured DNA that suppresses the redox peaks of Azure C in voltammograms. The results of this study can be used in the further development of the methods of electropolymerization of phenothiazine dyes and also in the elaboration of electrochemical sensors and biosensors based on the quantitative evaluation of the redox activity of dyes on electrodes.</p>","PeriodicalId":760,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","volume":"60 Based","pages":"883 - 892"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Copper Oxides on Brasses of Different Phase Composition: Anode Formation and Photoelectrocatalytic Activity","authors":"I. A. Belyanskaya,&nbsp;M. Yu. Bocharnikova,&nbsp;S. N. Grushevskaya,&nbsp;O. A. Kozaderov,&nbsp;A. V. Vvedensky,&nbsp;S. V. Kannykin","doi":"10.1134/S1023193524700423","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1023193524700423","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Copper oxides combined with other materials, for example, zinc oxide, are considered promising materials for photocatalytic processes of organic impurities’ oxidation or photoelectrochemical water splitting. One of the methods for one-stage production of oxide structures of complex composition is the anodic oxidation of alloys. Evaluation of the photocatalytic or photoelectrochemical activity of the obtained materials is possible using photoelectrochemical parameters: the photocurrent or photopotential generated under illumination. The purpose of the work is to determine the effectiveness of the using of Cu(I) oxides anodically formed in alkaline solution on the Cu–Zn system alloys with zinc concentration of 34 to 50 at %, in the water photoelectrochemical decomposition. The elemental composition of the alloys was determined using energy-dispersive microanalysis. With increasing zinc concentration in the studied concentration range, the phase composition changes from α- to β-phase, which is confirmed by the X-ray diffractometry data. The change in the composition and structure of the alloy is reflected in the photoelectrochemical parameters of the anodic oxide films formed thereon. The most promising material for photoelectrocatalytic transformations is an oxide film anodically formed in 0.1 M KOH on the alloy with zinc concentration of 50 at % and β-phase structure. At a relatively low defect concentration, the highest photocurrent is recorded thereat at a rather high quantum efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":760,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","volume":"60 Based","pages":"873 - 882"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Charge Carrier Recombination in Amorphous Organic\u0000 Semiconductors","authors":"S. V. Novikov","doi":"10.1134/S1023193524700459","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1023193524700459","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bimolecular recombination of charge carriers in amorphous organic semiconductors\u0000 is discussed. A common feature of these materials is their spatial correlation of the\u0000 random energy landscape in which hopping transport of charge carriers occurs. The\u0000 recombination rate constant for such materials is calculated, including the case of\u0000 locally ordered materials. It turns out that the spatial correlation of the random\u0000 landscape causes violation of the Langevin relation connecting the charge carrier\u0000 mobilities with the recombination rate constant. For different sources of energetic\u0000 disorder the true rate constant can be either less or greater than the corresponding\u0000 Langevin value. Promising classes of organic semiconductors are indicated where the\u0000 recombination rate constant could exceed the Langevin value, leading to a potential\u0000 increase in the efficiency of light generation in organic light-emitting diodes.\u0000 Organic semiconductors with low recombination rate constants are promising for the\u0000 use in solar cells. Features of two-dimensional bimolecular recombination in\u0000 materials based on oligo- and polythiophenes, in which two-dimensional lamellae are\u0000 formed, are considered. The formal recombination rate constant becomes being\u0000 dependent on the charge carrier concentration. The effect of spatially correlated\u0000 energetic disorder leads to the development of various rate constant dependences on\u0000 the charge carrier concentration. Analysis of the current–voltage characteristics of\u0000 organic devices gives the possibility to distinguish between the two-dimensional and\u0000 three-dimensional recombination.</p>","PeriodicalId":760,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Electrochemistry","volume":"60 Based","pages":"904 - 912"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}