Eqram Rahman, Karim Sayed, Parinitha Rao, Hany Abu-Farsakh, Shabnam Sadeghi-Esfahlani, Patricia E Garcia, Sotirios Ioannidis, Alexander D Nassif, Greg Goodman, William Richard Webb
{"title":"Exosome Revolution or Marketing Mirage? AI-Based Multi-domain Evaluation of Claims, Scientific Evidence, Transparency, Public Sentiment, and Media Narratives.","authors":"Eqram Rahman, Karim Sayed, Parinitha Rao, Hany Abu-Farsakh, Shabnam Sadeghi-Esfahlani, Patricia E Garcia, Sotirios Ioannidis, Alexander D Nassif, Greg Goodman, William Richard Webb","doi":"10.1007/s00266-025-04712-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-025-04712-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Exosome-based therapies are being hypothesised and promoted as a transformative innovation in regenerative aesthetics, offering promising benefits for skin rejuvenation, anti-ageing, and hair restoration. However, the field faces challenges related to scientific validation, transparency, and lack regulatory oversight, for use in humans. Furthermore, there is insufficient of clinical trials registered for use in aesthetic practise. With increasing reliance on social media and influencer-driven promotion, public sentiment is often shaped by exaggerated claims rather than evidence-based information.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study employed a comprehensive multi-dimensional approach to evaluate 18 manufacturers of exosome-based products. Data from 70 product formulations, 2,700,029 social media posts, 4,350 non-scientific articles, and 37,437 consumer reviews were analysed using advanced AI-driven methods. Analyses included transparency ratings, linguistic evaluation of promotional versus scientific content, product composition analysis, sentiment trends, emotion analysis, and regulatory insights.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>High transparency was observed in 18% of manufacturers, with most companies relying on vague and promotional language. Growth factor concentrations showed significant variability across human-, plant-, and animal-derived sources (H = 18.73, p < 0.01). Positive sentiment (54%) dominated social media, driven by HCP-influencer endorsements, but 27% of claims were misleading. Regulatory compliance was minimal, with no FDA-approved products and widespread reliance on unsubstantiated marketing. Chi-square analyses and NLP tools identified critical gaps in alignment between scientific evidence and public-facing narratives.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While exosome-based aesthetic products may have substantial potential, the industry is hindered by inconsistencies in transparency, exaggerated claims, and weak regulatory frameworks. Future efforts should focus on standardising exosome formulations, enhancing regulatory oversight, and fostering ethical promotion to ensure consumer safety and scientific credibility. Addressing these gaps is essential for exosome-based therapies to achieve their transformative promise.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence iv: </strong>Level of Evidence V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors. www.springer.com/00266 .</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143584391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Theodor Mareş, Guido Firmani, Cristian Radu Jecan, Fabio Santanelli di Pompeo, Michail Sorotos
{"title":"Effect of Different Medications on Capsule Formation Around Miniaturized Breast Implants in Murine Models-a Systematic Review.","authors":"Theodor Mareş, Guido Firmani, Cristian Radu Jecan, Fabio Santanelli di Pompeo, Michail Sorotos","doi":"10.1007/s00266-025-04742-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-025-04742-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breast implants (BIs) lead to the formation of a periprosthetic capsule, causing complications like capsular contracture. Gel bleeding, involving minor silicone gel leakage through the intact implant shell, significantly promotes capsular contracture. Various pharmacological and surface treatment strategies have been explored to mitigate these issues.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This review assesses the effectiveness of different pharmacological interventions and BIs surface coatings on periprosthetic capsule development in murine models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review adhering to the PRISMA protocol was conducted. Databases searched included PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and LILACS using keywords: (Murine) AND (Breast) AND/OR (Implant), covering studies from 1977 to 2022. Experimental studies on miniature breast implants in murine models involving medications, surface treatments, or post-surgical therapies were included. Exclusions were studies without pharmacological agents, those testing bacterial contamination, radiotherapy, or involving different animal models or humans.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-nine articles were reviewed. Significant reductions in capsule thickness and inflammation were noted with certain pharmacological treatments. Corticosteroids and immunosuppressants were effective but raised concerns about wound healing and tumor recurrence. Leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRA) showed promise in reducing capsule formation, especially in textured implants. Acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) enhanced tissue integration and reduced complications regardless of texture.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Advancements have been made in therapies to influence capsular formation around silicone implants. However, clinical validation remains limited due to small sample sizes and short study periods. ADMs and LTRAs appear most promising, warranting further long-term clinical studies to fully understand their potential benefits in improving breast implant biocompatibility.</p><p><strong>No level assigned: </strong>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guihua Xiang, Chunmei Chen, Keyu Chen, Quanle Liu, Yue Wang, Bingqing Wang, Jin Qian, Yuan Chen, Dong Yang
{"title":"Ultrasound-Guided Serratus Anterior Plane Block Combined with Modified Parasternal Block in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Auricular Reconstruction Surgery Results in Superior Quality of Recovery Compared to a Standalone Serratus Anterior Plane Block.","authors":"Guihua Xiang, Chunmei Chen, Keyu Chen, Quanle Liu, Yue Wang, Bingqing Wang, Jin Qian, Yuan Chen, Dong Yang","doi":"10.1007/s00266-025-04731-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-025-04731-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) and parasternal block (PSB) are used in multimodal analgesia strategies to improve postoperative comfort and recovery. Their combined effectiveness for pediatric auricular reconstruction (AR) patients needs clarification.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A study was conducted on 100 children aged 8 to 12 undergoing autologous rib cartilage transplant in AR. Subjects were randomized into two groups: the ultrasound (US)-directed SAPB plus modified PSB group (SAPB+PSB group) and the US-guided SAPB alone group (SAPB group). The primary outcome was the 24 h postoperative Quality of Recovery-15 (QoR-15) score. The secondary endpoints were pain scores, surgical field bleeding scores, sufentanil consumption within 24 h post-surgery, the time to first ambulation, and incidence of complications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The SAPB+PSB group demonstrated significantly higher scores in physical comfort, emotional status, and pain aspects on the QoR-15 scale compared to the SAPB group, the difference was significant (P ≤ 0.001). No significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of psychological support and physical independence (P > 0.05). The total QoR-15 score was augmented among SAPB+PSB versus SAPB participants (P < 0.001). At 12 h, the SAPB+PSB group reported lower NRS scores than the SAPB group during rest (P < 0.001) and cough (P = 0.014). The sufentanil consumption at 24 h was substantially diminished among SAPB+PSB recipients (P < 0.001), and the time to first ambulation was shorter relative to the SAPB recipients, and the different was significant (P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>US-guided SAPB combined with modified PSB significantly enhances postoperative recovery quality in pediatric patients undergoing AR, effectively improving postoperative comfort and facilitating recovery.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence ii: </strong>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mastectomy Alone or with Immediate Breast Reconstruction: Trend, Precipitating Factors, Patients Reported Outcome, and Oncologic Safety Analysis with and without Propensity Score Matching from 3759 Mastectomy Patients.","authors":"Yi-Yuan Lee, Hung-Wen Lai, Antonio Muñoz Guevara, Jorge Torres Maldonado, Hui-Yu Lin, Chin-Jung Feng, Bing-Fang Hwang, Shih-Lung Lin, Hsin-I Huang, Fong-Cing Siao, Shou-Tung Chen, Dar-Ren Chen, Chiu-Ying Chen","doi":"10.1007/s00266-025-04762-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-025-04762-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the current study, we surveyed the trend of breast cancer operations in the past two decades and compared mastectomy alone or with immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) with the measurement of the outcome reported by patients and oncologic safety evaluation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study surveyed the trends in breast cancer surgery methods at a single institution between January 2000 and December 2021. Clinical manifestations, outcomes, patient-reported outcome measures, and oncologic safety evaluations between mastectomy alone or with IBR were analyzed, with and without propensity score matching (PSM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The trend of breast cancer operations showed that breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and mastectomy with IBR were increasing while mastectomy alone was decreasing. Among the 3759 patients who underwent mastectomies, 1091 (29%) patients had mastectomy with IBR while 2668 (71%) received mastectomy alone. In multivariate analysis, age less than 45 years, breast magnetic resonance imaging before surgery, luminal A subtype, nipple-sparing mastectomy, oncoplastic reconstructive breast surgeon, and high-volume surgeon were important independent factors for mastectomy with IBR. Mastectomy with IBR was associated with better patient-reported cosmetic results than mastectomy alone and comparable to BCS. After PSM and a median follow-up of 106.1 months, there was no difference in Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis between patients who underwent mastectomy alone or mastectomy with IBR in terms of locoregional recurrence, distant metastasis or overall survival.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Mastectomy with IBR demonstrated better reported cosmetic outcomes and comparable oncologic safety compared to mastectomy alone. Independent factors promoting IBR were identified, which could help increase the breast reconstruction rate.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence iii: </strong>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143571861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence in Facial Measurement: A New Era of Symmetry and Proportions Analysis.","authors":"Rizwan Ali, Haiyan Cui","doi":"10.1007/s00266-025-04746-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-025-04746-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Facial symmetry and proportions are key factors in aesthetic evaluations across fields like cosmetic surgery, dermatology, and facial recognition. Traditional measurement methods often rely on subjective analysis, making them prone to inconsistencies. The measure face ratio-F4CE app, an AI-driven tool, provides an innovative solution for precise and objective facial analysis.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the F4CE app in measuring facial symmetry and proportions, with a focus on its ability to accurately assess facial aesthetics using advanced AI algorithms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The F4CE app uses AI to detect facial landmarks, including the eyes, eyebrows, nose, mouth, chin, and jawline. It measures the proportional relationships between these features and calculates facial symmetry scores. The app also compares these measurements to the golden ratio, a widely recognized standard of facial harmony in aesthetics. A publicly available dataset of 12 patients was analyzed to evaluate the performance and accuracy of the F4CE app. Twenty different measurement tasks were conducted to assess the app's efficacy across all 12 patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The F4CE app successfully detected the facial landmarks for all 12 patients across the 20 measurement tasks, accurately calculating symmetry and proportions. Its measurements were in close alignment with established aesthetic standards, particularly the golden ratio, offering a comprehensive analysis of facial aesthetics.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The F4CE app is a precise and efficient tool for measuring facial symmetry and proportions. Its AI-powered capabilities enable accurate, data-driven assessments that are valuable for professionals in cosmetic surgery, dermatology, and aesthetic medicine, providing personalized and scientifically informed insights.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence v: </strong>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143571816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vivien Moris, Maurice Renom, Nicolas Santamaria, Narcisse Zwetyenga, Isabelle Pluvy, Leslie Ann See
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of the Traditional Elliptic Excision and Dermoglandular Posteroinferior Flap Technique for Grade III Gynecomastia.","authors":"Vivien Moris, Maurice Renom, Nicolas Santamaria, Narcisse Zwetyenga, Isabelle Pluvy, Leslie Ann See","doi":"10.1007/s00266-025-04741-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-025-04741-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Gynecomastia is a benign development of male breast tissue accompanied by fat tissue. This condition is increasing due to a sedentary lifestyle and poor diet. This study compared patient satisfaction and outcomes between traditional elliptic excision and posteroinferior pedicle methods for treating Grade III gynecomastia by analyzing 20 years of data.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients treated from 2003 to 2023 at a single center at the University Hospital of Dijon, France, with 318 patients included. The BODY-Q chest module was used to evaluate patient satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were significant differences in patient satisfaction, with the flap technique (Group 2) reporting higher scores across various domains, including scars, psychological function, and body image, than the elliptic excision technique (Group 1), with p values all less than 0.001. The flap technique also demonstrated advantages in preserving nipple sensation, with only 5.4% reporting nipple sensation trouble in Group 2 versus 23% in Group 1 (p=0.002) and minimizing visible scarring. The surgical time was slightly longer, at 96 min in the flap group versus 84 min (p<0.001) for the elliptic excision group, due to more extensive dissection.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The results of this study were in line with the findings in the scientific literature. Notably, this research stands out as one with the most participants over 20 years. This study supports the use of the dermoglandular posteroinferior flap technique as the preferred method for treating Grade III gynecomastia, which significantly improved patient satisfaction and surgical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence iv: </strong>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143571859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chin-Ho Wong, Michael Ku Hung Hsieh, Kunihiko Nohira
{"title":"Upper Eyelid Blepharoptosis Correction Performed Under the Operating Microscope","authors":"Chin-Ho Wong, Michael Ku Hung Hsieh, Kunihiko Nohira","doi":"10.1007/s00266-025-04750-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00266-025-04750-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Eyelid blepharoptosis correction is commonly performed with loupe magnification. The posture in which this operation is performed, with cervical spine flexion and forward lean, places significant stress on the cervical spine.</p><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Performing upper eyelid surgery under the operating microscope is not commonly practiced. The benefits are significantly better surgeon’s posture while operating and potential improved surgical outcomes. These ergonomic and outcome measures were examined in this prospective study.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>From the June 2023 to June 2024, 86 cases of bilateral ptosis correction were performed (172 eyelids) with the microscope.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The mean duration of surgery was 115 minutes for bilateral ptosis correction. Our revision rate was 3%. We found the following surgical advantages with this approach: (1) Superior visual clarity with a higher and adjustable magnification and (2) consistent confocal illumination of the operative field, (3) improved precision of dissection, (4) hemostasis and (5) clear distinction of fine anatomical structures crucial to reconstructive success. The postoperative recovery was faster with better functional and cosmetic outcomes as bruising and edema was minimized from less induction of surgical trauma. Importantly as well, for the surgeon, the operating microscope may extend the longevity of one’s surgical career. The postural ergonomics and cervical unloading afforded by the operating microscope can mitigate cervical spine stress and injury</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>We found 2 compelling benefits with this approach. Firstly, the surgical outcomes were superior. Secondly, the surgeon’s posture is upright while operating. This long-term benefits of this could not be overstated in preventing cervical spine injuries.</p><h3>Level of Evidence IV</h3><p>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":"49 7","pages":"1850 - 1856"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rui Zeng, Emily Glaue, Nicholas Moellhoff, Kyu-Ho Yi, Alexandra Anker, Philipp Unbehaun, Vanessa Brébant, Wei-Jin Hong, Lukas Prantl, Konstantin Frank
{"title":"Revealing the Perfect Smile: How Philtrum Length Shapes Lip Beauty.","authors":"Rui Zeng, Emily Glaue, Nicholas Moellhoff, Kyu-Ho Yi, Alexandra Anker, Philipp Unbehaun, Vanessa Brébant, Wei-Jin Hong, Lukas Prantl, Konstantin Frank","doi":"10.1007/s00266-025-04752-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-025-04752-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lips significantly influence facial aesthetics, driving the growing demand for lip augmentation procedures, particularly the bullhorn lip lift. As aesthetic medicine becomes more diverse with globalization, understanding how ethnicity affects aesthetic perceptions of lips is increasingly important.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To examine the philtrum length and lip proportions in the context of different ethnic backgrounds, recognizing the increasing globalization of beauty standards.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five frontal facial images of females from diverse ethnic groups-African, Asian, Caucasian, Latino, and Middle Eastern-were generated using Midjourney and were edited to simulate various degrees of philtrum shortening and corresponding changes in the upper vermillion height and maxillary incisor show. An online survey was then conducted to gather participant feedback on the aesthetic appeal of the lips in each image, using a 5-point Likert scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 570 respondents participated in the study. Overall, the most preferred lips were those with a 1 mm incisor show in African and Asian images, while lips with a 0.5 mm incisor show were favored in Caucasian and Latino images, and 0 mm in Middle Eastern images. The least favored lips were predominantly those with a 4 mm incisor show. Preferences across age and ethnic groups primarily favored the 0 mm, 0.5 mm, and 1 mm incisor shows.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides valuable insights into the complex relationship between philtrum length and the perception of beauty. The findings emphasize the importance of achieving a balanced aesthetic that aligns with the patient's cultural background and personal preferences.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence v: </strong>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}