Kaibogaku zasshi. Journal of anatomy最新文献

{"title":"[Reconstruction of life history of ancient human skeletal remains based on new methods].","authors":"Tomohito Nagaoka","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76066,"journal":{"name":"Kaibogaku zasshi. Journal of anatomy","volume":"84 4","pages":"119-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28610460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Identification and classification of lysozyme-expressing cells in the mouse small intestinal crypt and their correlation with the morphology of secretory granules and labeling density of immunogold].","authors":"Toru Satot,&nbsp;Eiichi Kawamoto,&nbsp;Jinzo Yamada","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The four principal epithelial cell lineages (absorptive enterocytes, goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells and Paneth cells) of the adult mouse small intestine derive from multipotent stem cells. Furthermore, the intermediate cells and granule goblet cells are located near the base of crypts of mouse intestine; the former has the characteristics of goblet and Paneth cells and the latter is transformed from the intermediate cells. However, the grounds and the definition for classifing these three cell types (Paneth, intermediate and granule goblet cells) are vague, making it difficult to discuss the structure and a function of those cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the identification and classification of lysozyme-expressing cells in the mouse small intestinal crypt and their correlation with the morphology of secretory granules and labeling density of immunogold using quantitative immunoelectron microscopy analysis. The results were follows. (1) Paneth cells, intermediate cells and granule goblet cells showed lysozyme immunoreactivity in the electron-dense core of biphasic secretory granules, and therefore lysozyme-exprssing cells were identified in the mouse small intestinal crypt. The sizes of secretory granules were divided into ten groups (every 10%) according to area ratio (core/granule (%)). (2) This distribution of three type cells was classified statistically into \"Paneth cell phase\": 61% < or = (core/granule (%)), \"intermediate cell phase\": (core/granule (%)) 21 < or = 60%, \"granule goblet cell phase\": (core/granule (%)) < or = 20%. (3) Labeling density for lysozyme was commensurate with the size of the central dense core. The Paneth cells had the highest labeling density among the cells. When the transformation from intermediate to granule goblet cell occurred, it happened at the same time that the core of secretory granules gradually shrinks, and the labeling density for lysozyme disappears. (4) The labeling density of immunogold for lysozyme in the small intestine varied at different sites. The labeling density in the Paneth and intermediate cells of the ileal crypt was lower than those of the duodeal and jejunal crypts. (5) In the lysozyme-expressing cells in small intestinal crypt of 2- and 24-month old mouse, the ultrastructure and labeling density did not change.</p>","PeriodicalId":76066,"journal":{"name":"Kaibogaku zasshi. Journal of anatomy","volume":"84 3","pages":"83-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40054961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Functional model of the middle ear ossicles].","authors":"Takahiro Satoda,&nbsp;Saiji Shimoe,&nbsp;Seicho Makihira,&nbsp;Mitsuhiro Tamamoto,&nbsp;Atsue Matsumoto,&nbsp;Kumiko Hara,&nbsp;Maki Noso,&nbsp;Yoshie Niitani,&nbsp;Masaru Sugiyama,&nbsp;Toshinobu Takemoto,&nbsp;Takeshi Murayama,&nbsp;Hideaki Amano,&nbsp;Hiroki Nikawa","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In students' dissection practice, it is very difficult to teach students the structures and functions of the middle ear ossicles. The middle ear ossicles are too small to explain their structures and functions. Models are useful in explaining these points, but there have been no models that accurately explain the movements of the middle ear ossicles and the functions of the muscles in the middle ear. This time, we have made a model of middle ear ossicles. Our ear ossicles are made of paper-mache with metal in it. The incudomalleolar and incudostapedial articulations are made of rubber. The tensor tympani and the stapedius muscles are made of wire and the two wires can be fixed by cord stoppers. Our model explains clearly the following mechanisms of the middle ear ossicles. 1. The mechanism of sound conduction system. When the sound vibrates the tympanic membrane, malleus and incus rotate together. The long process of the incus pushes the head of the stapes. The sound is amplified by leverage. 2. Attenuation of sound by contractions of tensor tympani and stapedius muscles. When a loud sound is transmitted through the ossicular system, the tensor tympani muscle pulls the malleus inward while the stapedius muscle pulls the stapes outward. These two forces oppose each other and increase rigidity of the ossicular system, thus reducing the ossicular conduction. 3. The mechanism of how paralysis of stapedius muscle, caused by an injury to the facial nerve, results in hyperacusis. 4. This model also suggests a possible reason why the pars lucida of the tympanic membrane exists.</p>","PeriodicalId":76066,"journal":{"name":"Kaibogaku zasshi. Journal of anatomy","volume":"84 2","pages":"41-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28272924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Browicz's phagocytic cells and Kupffer's 'so-called stellate cells'].","authors":"Kenjiro Wake","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kupffer (1876) attempted to demonstrate nerve fibers in the liver, using the gold chloride method and found the star-shaped perisinusoidal cells by chance. He named these cells 'Sternzellen' (stellate cells). The stellate cells have been studied enthusiastically within the past thirty years. It has been clarified that these cells are the same cells reported as Ito's 'fat-storing cells', as well as Suzuki's 'interstitial cells', store vitamin A in the lipid droplets, and produce collagen type I, III, and IV and intercellular matrix, playing an important role in fibrogenesis in the liver. Kupffer (1898) changed his earlier opinion, and concluded that the 'so-called stellate cells' were the special endothelial cells of hepatic sinusoids, which incorporate foreign substance. Though Kupffer's revised opinion contained a serious misunderstanding, his new concept was accepted widely for several decades. Browicz (1898) at Kracow in Poland, reported phagocytic cells within the lumen of hepatic sinusoids. However, his report was given but scant attention. In this paper, the author introduces Browicz's report and considers the reason why his report has been disregarded.</p>","PeriodicalId":76066,"journal":{"name":"Kaibogaku zasshi. Journal of anatomy","volume":"84 1","pages":"17-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28224758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Abstracts of the 114th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Association of Anatomists. Okayama, Japan. March 28-30, 2009].","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76066,"journal":{"name":"Kaibogaku zasshi. Journal of anatomy","volume":"84 Suppl ","pages":"61-272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28600250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Branching patterns of the celiac artery as the hepato-gastro-splenic trunk].","authors":"Nobuaki Higashi,&nbsp;Hiroki Shimada,&nbsp;Eriko Simamura,&nbsp;Toshihisa Hatta","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although the celiac artery is a common trunk of the left gastric, splenic, and common hepatic arteries, its branching pattern varies. Indeed, even among anatomy textbooks, there is disagreement on which pattern is standard. In the present study, we identified the standard pattern of celiac artery branching by examining 186 Japanese cadavers. Celiac arteries with the three main branches were found in 91.4% (170/186) of the cadavers. These 170 cases were then classified into 4 types (Types I-IV). Type I, in which the first branch was the left gastric artery, accounted for 132 cases (71.0%). Thirty-one cases (16.7%) were Type II, in which the three main arteries branched out at the same vertebral level. Type III, in which the common hepatic artery was the first branch, accounted for 4 cases (2.2%). Finally, 3 cases (1.6%) were Type IV, in which the splenic artery was the first branch. These findings suggest that the Type I phenotype is the standard branching pattern of the celiac artery in Japanese. The artery's developmental process was also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":76066,"journal":{"name":"Kaibogaku zasshi. Journal of anatomy","volume":"84 1","pages":"7-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28222722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Anatomical names of skeletal tubers and tubercles: analysis and classification of Latin names, and comparison with corresponding English and Japanese names].","authors":"Shun-ichi Shikano,&nbsp;Yasuo Yamashita,&nbsp;Tatsuo Sato","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For better understanding of the structures comprising the human body and in view of possible need for future revision, Latin anatomical names (Terminologia Anatomica) of the skeletal tubers and tubercles were analyzed and classified, and compared with the corresponding English and Japanese anatomical names. The words following Tuber indicated: (1) the structure to which the tuber belongs; or (2) location of the tuber. The words following Tuberculum indicated: (1) the structure to which the tubercle belongs; (2) location of the tubercle; (3) the structure attached to the tubercle; (4) the structure that exists near the tubercle; (5) the structure that passes near the tubercle; (6) the structure of which the tubercle is a component; (7) the relative size of the tubercle; (8) the relative position of the tubercle; or (9) the non-relative position ofthe tubercle. Analysis of Latin names and comparison with English and Japanese names clarified some characteristics of those names and revealed some problems in them.</p>","PeriodicalId":76066,"journal":{"name":"Kaibogaku zasshi. Journal of anatomy","volume":"84 1","pages":"11-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28222723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Historical development of modern anatomical education in Japan].","authors":"Tatsuo Sakai","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The medical schools in the beginning of Meiji era were diverse both in the founders and in the way of education, frequently employing foreign teachers of various nationalities. In 1871, German teachers were appointed to organized medical education at the medical school of the university of Tokyo. The anatomical education in the school was conducted by German teachers, i.e. Miller (1871-1873), Dönitz (1873-1877), Gierke (1877-1880) and Disse (1880-1885), followed by Koganei who returned from the study in Germany. In 1882 (Meiji 15th), the general rule for medical school was enforced so that the medical schools were practically obliged to employ numbers of graduates of the university of Tokyo. In 1887 (Meiji 20th), the educational system was reformed so that many of the medical schools were closed, and the medical schools were integrated into one university, five national senior high schools and three prefectural ones in addition to four private ones. After that most of anatomical teachers were either graduates of the university of Tokyo or those who studied in the anatomical department of the university. Before 1877 (Meiji 10th), the anatomical books were mainly translated from English books, and foreign teachers of various nationality were employed in many medical schools in Japan. After 1877 (Meiji 10th), the anatomical books based on the lectures by German teachers at the university of Tokyo were published. The anatomical books after 1887 (Meiji 20th) were written based on German books, and the German anatomical terms were utilized. After 1905 (Meiji 38th), the original Japanese anatomical books appeared, employing international anatomical terms. At the first meeting of Japanese Association of Anatomists in 1893 (Meiji 26th), the Japanese anatomical teachers met together and most of them were graduates of the university of Tokyo or fellows of its anatomical department.</p>","PeriodicalId":76066,"journal":{"name":"Kaibogaku zasshi. Journal of anatomy","volume":"83 4","pages":"105-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27921711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[History of Japanese Committee for Anatomical Nomenclature].","authors":"Kunihiko Kimura","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper records a history of the Japanese Committee of Anatomical Nomenclature since 1990, as a supplement to the previous report (1991), explains a progressing of the edition of Japanese medical terms by the Japanese Association of Medical Sciences and the Ministry of Education, Sciences and Culture, and points out of some problems on terms in Japanese.</p>","PeriodicalId":76066,"journal":{"name":"Kaibogaku zasshi. Journal of anatomy","volume":"83 4","pages":"133-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27921715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Study of Japanese anatomical terms, such as 'sphenoid bone'].","authors":"Tadashi Sawai","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Japanese anatomical terms (butterfly-shaped bone) have an interesting history. Galen named a bone (wedge-like). This Greek term was introduced into Latin anatomical texts by transcribing into 'os sphnoides' or translating it as 'os cuneiforme'. Both terms mean equally wedge-like bone. From 16th century on, these two terms prevailed in European anatomical textbooks, but in 18th century some anatomists merged this bone with some kinds of winged creatures and named their wings \"Ala major' and 'Ala minor'. In mid-19th century English-Chinese anatomical book, this bone was named (butterfly bone) by a medical missionary Benjamin Hobson. This term was introduced into Japanese textbooks. In Meiji Era both terms were used in Japanese textbooks, and (wedged-like bone). Some anatomists insisted on using because this echoed original Latin term's sense. Eventually, Japanese Associations of Anatomists adopted in 1943.</p>","PeriodicalId":76066,"journal":{"name":"Kaibogaku zasshi. Journal of anatomy","volume":"83 4","pages":"123-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27921713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}