Kaibogaku zasshi. Journal of anatomy最新文献

{"title":"[Anatomical names of skeletal surfaces: analysis and classification of Latin names, and comparison with corresponding Japanese names].","authors":"Shun-ichi Shikano,&nbsp;Yasuo Yamashita,&nbsp;Tatsuo Sato","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For better understanding of the structures comprising the human body and in view of possible need for future revision, Latin anatomical names (Terminologia Anatomica) of the skeletal surfaces were analyzed and classified, and compared with the corresponding Japanese anatomical names. The words following Facies indicated: 1) morphological resemblance of the surface; 2) the structure that articulates with the surface; 3) the structure attached to the surface; 4) the structure in contact with the surface; 5) the way of connection between the surface and the structure that faces it; 6) the structure of which the surface is a component; 7) the structure that the surface faces; 8) the site that the surface faces; 9) the relative position of the surface; 10) the non-relative position of the surface; 11) an articulation of the surface; or 12) both the structure with which the surface articulates and the structure of which the surface is a component. Analysis of Latin names and comparison with Japanese names clarified some characteristics of both names and revealed some problems in them.</p>","PeriodicalId":76066,"journal":{"name":"Kaibogaku zasshi. Journal of anatomy","volume":"82 4","pages":"137-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27131640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Differences in vocalization and morphology of the syrinx between Carrion crows (Corvus corone) and Jungle crows (C. macrorhynchos)].","authors":"Naoki Tsukahara,&nbsp;Masato Aoyama,&nbsp;Shoei Sugita","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The vocal characteristics and the morph of the syrinx in Carrion crows (Corvus corone) and those in Jungle crows (C. macrorhynchos) were compared. The vocalizations of both species of crow were recorded into sonograms and analyzed. The appearance and inner configuration of the syrinx were observed using stereoscopic microscope. In addition, the inside diameter of the syrinx, the sizes of the labia and the attached position of the syringeal muscles were measured. The attached figures of syringeal muscles were different between the two species. The vocalizations of Carrion crows were noisier than possibly because their labias were noticeably smaller than those of Jungle crows. The attachment patterns of the syringeal muscles in Jungle crows suggested that they allow for more flexibility on the inside structure of the syrinx. The inner space of the syrinx in Jungle crows was also wider than those of Carrion crows. These results suggested that Jungle crows may be able to make various vocalizations because of these morphological characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":76066,"journal":{"name":"Kaibogaku zasshi. Journal of anatomy","volume":"82 4","pages":"129-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27131665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Rare case of supernumerary submandibular gland lobes forming a complex with the sublingual gland].","authors":"Reiki Sukekawa,&nbsp;Ichizoh Itoh","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the sublingual/submandibular gland complex (L/M complex hereafter), the submandibular gland process adjoins the sublingual gland. Therefore, it is speculated that the L/M complex in the fused state is due to excessive development of the submandibular gland process. However, we encountered a case of the L/M complex formed due to supernumerary glandular lobes (lobes A, B, and C) developing in the posterior 1/3 portion of the submandibular duct. Lobes A, B, and C showed the following macroscopic morphologies, constitutions, ducts, and histological morphologies. Lobe A was disc-shaped, and this lobe together with the major sublingual gland was wrapped with the minor sublingual gland. Lobe B was attached to lobe C, forming a cingulate lobe. Lobe B had an irregular shape and was attached to the superior area of lobe A, while lobe C was rod-shaped and attached to the posterior area of lobe B. The posterior area of lobe C was attached to the submandibular gland at the base of the submandibular duct. The excretory ducts of lobes A, B, and C joined, forming one duct, which joined the posterior 1/3 portion of the submandibular duct. The histological morphologies of lobes A, B, and C showed a predominance of serous cells over mucous cells, which was the same as the morphology of the submandibular gland. In this case, the L/M complex may have formed by the following mechanism. Supernumerary lobes A, B, and C of the submandibular gland formed in the posterior 1/3 portion of the submandibular duct, and lobe A together with the major sublingual gland was wrapped with the minor sublingual gland. Lobes B and C formed a cingulate lobe, and its posterior portion (posterior portion of lobe C) attached to the submandibular gland, resulting in a fused state.</p>","PeriodicalId":76066,"journal":{"name":"Kaibogaku zasshi. Journal of anatomy","volume":"82 3","pages":"93-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40991666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Process of development of body donation law in Japan].","authors":"Tatsuo Sato","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the world, throughout history it has been difficult to obtain bodies for cadaveric dissection practice and research. In Japan, the difficulties were enhanced by the unique social culture and understanding surrounding the deceased and family responsibility. Further, from the 1970's onward, there was a large influx of new medical schools. In order to provide such a large number of medical students with anatomical study materials which are not merely obtained from unknowing deceased, but rather willfully donated by the deceased, a means by which to officially donate bodies was necessary. From the mid-1970's anatomy professors and leaders of volunteer body donation organizations realized that there was a need to formulate a procedure for the wholesome development of a body donation law. Together, they proposed this concept to senators and then on to the Ministry of Education. Their efforts bore two fruits: creation (1982) of an Official Certificate of Appreciation from the Ministry of Education (addressed to the deceased and given to the family) and also the Body Donation Law (1983). For society, such a law ensures the cultural acceptance of the concept of body donation, because it proves verification by the government. Also, such a law resolves possible later disputes between family members. Further, this law can facilitate the true wishes of the deceased, not that of the family members. In 1995, the Crown Prince and Princess participated in the Ceremony of the Centenary of the Japanese Association of Anatomists. In his address, the Prince congratulated the Association for their leadership in the development of Japanese modern medicine. He noted that body donation has been a key point to facilitate excellent medical education. As a result of the body donation law, presently there is a sufficient number of donated bodies for student dissection practice at the medical schools throughout Japan. Certainly it is pleasing to all to know that the will of the deceased has been carried out. For the family as well as the schools, this process is undertaken in an official and socially acceptable manner. In this review, we describe the process toward the development of the body donation law and the influences of this law by quoting the official journal of the Japan Union of Voluntary Body Donation, \"Tokushi Kentai\" (Voluntary Body Donation).</p>","PeriodicalId":76066,"journal":{"name":"Kaibogaku zasshi. Journal of anatomy","volume":"82 2","pages":"63-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26791564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[A histological study and three-dimensional reconstruction of F4/80-positive reticular cells and macrophages at the onset of murine bone marrow hematopoiesis].","authors":"Eiji Notsu,&nbsp;Yuji Sonoda,&nbsp;Kazunobu Sasaki","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adult bone marrow consists of two different compartments, a vascular compartment of sinusoid and a hematopoietic compartment consisting of stromal cells and hematopoietic cells. In the hematopoietic compartment, stromal cells play an important role in the formation of the microenvironment for hematopoiesis. To clarify the relationship between hematopoietic cells and stromal cells, particularly reticular cells and macrophages, we examined the femur bone marrow of ICR mouse fetuses and neonates using F4/80 immunostaining and three-dimensional reconstruction under light and electron microscopy. In the fetal femurs, the marrow cavity formed early from 15 days of gestation, and it showed a marked increase in volume thereafter. On the basis of the appearance of hematopoietic cells, marrow development could be classified into two stages, a pre-hematopoietic stage from 15 days of gestation to two days of age, and a beginning stage of hematopoiesis thereafter. The pre-hematopoietic bone marrow contains not only stromal reticular cells but also macrophages, and both types of stromal cells were strongly positive to F4/80 monoclonal antibody. These F4/80-positive reticular cells had a triangular cell profile with long and slender cytoplasmic processes. Reticular cells often contained large lysosomes of not only dying neutrophils but also erythroblast nuclei. A few erythroblasts accumulated around the processes, and the number of erythroblasts around reticular cells increased with bone marrow development. On the other hand, macrophages were located either close to sinusoids or in sinusoid lumen, and a close relationship to hematopoietic cells was hardly noticeable. At the beginning stage of hematopoiesis, F4/80-positive reticular cells extended their long and slender cytoplasmic processes, and the number and length of the processes appeared markedly increased. The three-dimensional cell surface of the F4/80-positive reticular cells became very complex. Numerous erythroblasts accumulated around the processes, and erythroblastic islands could gradually be recognized after four days of age. In the erythroblastic islands, central reticular cells were F4/80-positive and contained numerous large phagosomes originating from the expelled nuclei of erythroblasts. Although macrophages contained large phagosomes, the relationship between macrophages and hematopoietic cells could not clearly be elucidated even at the beginning stage of hematopoiesis. At the onset of bone marrow hematopoiesis, the hematopoietic compartment contained two kinds of F4/80-positive phagocytes, i.e., reticular cells and macrophages. In marrow erythroblastic islands, not macrophages but F4/80-positive reticular cells were located at the center of each island.</p>","PeriodicalId":76066,"journal":{"name":"Kaibogaku zasshi. Journal of anatomy","volume":"82 2","pages":"53-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26791563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Formaldehyde concentrations in the breathing zone of medical students during gross anatomy laboratory in Toho University].","authors":"Masaaki Takayanagi,&nbsp;Makoto Sakai,&nbsp;Youichi Ishikawa,&nbsp;Kunio Murakami,&nbsp;Akihiko Kimura,&nbsp;Sachiko Kakuta,&nbsp;Fumi Sato","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cadavers for gross anatomy laboratories are conventionally embalmed by formaldehyde (FA) solution in most medical schools. Thus, medical students and instructors are exposed to FA vapors emitted from cadavers during dissection. As a basic survey for the improvement of the dissection environment, we examined FA concentration in the gross anatomy laboratory during the 2006 academic year at the Faculty of Medicine of Toho University. Air samples were taken from 20 cm above a cadaver as breathing zone, and above a desk between cadavers as indoor FA concentration. FA concentrations in the breathing zone were ranged from 0.24 to 3.04 (mean 1.71) ppm during systematic anatomy, and from 0.72 to 1.60 (mean 1.16) ppm during neuroanatomy, and indoor FA concentration ranged from 048 to 1.11 (mean 0.76) ppm and from 0.21 to 0.23 (mean 0.22) ppm, respectively. These results showed that medical students and instructors are exposed to higher concentrations of FA than allowed by the guidelines of the Japan Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, and suggested the need to reduce FA levels in the gross anatomy laboratory.</p>","PeriodicalId":76066,"journal":{"name":"Kaibogaku zasshi. Journal of anatomy","volume":"82 2","pages":"45-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26791562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Anatomical education in the late Meiji era --Lu Xun, doctor Fujino and their comtemporaries].","authors":"Tatsuo Sakai","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lu Xun studied medicine at Sendai Medical School for 1 and a half years and then changed his course to Literature. In his novel \"Doctor Fujino\", Lu Xun told his memory on the anatomical notes in which Professor Fujino made numerous corrections. I analyzed the anatomical notes by Lu Xun and his classmates, and revealed the situation of lectures at that time. The teachers drew many anatomical illustrations on the black board with colored chalks. The lecture notes of students may be either clean copies rewritten after lectures or crude notes written during the lectures. When making clean copies, they copied anatomical illustrations in the anatomical textbooks at hand. The anatomical textbooks by Gegenbaur, Rauber and Ishikawa were utilized. Lu Xun made clean copies in the first two months after matriculation, and made crude notes after then. Corrections by Professor Fujino were found in the crude notes for his lectures.</p>","PeriodicalId":76066,"journal":{"name":"Kaibogaku zasshi. Journal of anatomy","volume":"82 1","pages":"21-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26633938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Abstracts of the 112th annual meeting of the Japanese Association of Anatomists. Osaka, Japan. March 27-29, 2007].","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76066,"journal":{"name":"Kaibogaku zasshi. Journal of anatomy","volume":"82 Suppl ","pages":"2-267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26633418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Beginning of modern anatomy in Japan from the perspective of anatomical bibliographies of the Meiji era].","authors":"Kazuyuki Shimada","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In contrast to the days of the Shogunate during the Edo period when knowledge and information from abroad were derived solely from The Netherlands (so-called Western learning), the establishment of the new Meiji government marked the arrival of a wealth of new knowledge from English and German speaking countries to Japan. As with other academic fields, the field of medicine, particularly anatomy, experienced an influx of many foreign books during this period. In the early to middle Meiji period (1868-1887), anatomy books from English-speaking countries became mainstream, and translations of these books were subsequently published. However, following Japan's decision in the third year of the Meiji era (1870) to model itself after German medicine, and the subsequent introduction of German teachers in Japanese medical education, medicine from English-speaking countries was gradually replaced by German medicine. Consequently, a multitude of German anatomy textbooks began to be imported into Japan during the middle Meiji period. In the later half of Meiji period (1888-1912), sequential publication of books written by Japanese anatomists based on German anatomy books became more common, along with the development of medical personnel who had been taught by foreign teachers. Most of the anatomy textbooks written by Japanese anatomists followed a format based on that of German anatomy textbooks of the time. This format style became well established by the late the end of Meiji period, and continued to be used in subsequently published anatomy textbooks until around the end of World War II. Here we introduce books, such as the translated anatomy books and textbooks, that were published during the turbulent Meiji era, and describe these within a bibliographical context.</p>","PeriodicalId":76066,"journal":{"name":"Kaibogaku zasshi. Journal of anatomy","volume":"82 1","pages":"9-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26633937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Anatomy education at the beginning of Japan's Meiji era and an anatomical model with topographical expressions of anatomy under the fasciae].","authors":"Miyoko Tsukisawa","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One anatomical model of a human is preserved at Kyushu University. We presume this model to have been made at the beginning of Japan's Meiji era as a copy of the Anatomie clastique, which was designed and manufactured by Louis Thomas Jérôme Auzoux and imported from France at the end of the Edo era. The model has labels of anatomical nomenclature in Japanese, which are taken from Kazuyoshi Taguchi's Kaibou-Ranyo, (see text) and the unique expressions of topographical anatomy under the fasciae. These are unique characteristics that cannot be seen on the Auzoux original. This model is supposed to have been made for use in professional medical training, and these characteristics reflect the historical background of the times when Western medicine was being introduced into Japan. At that time, Japan urgently needed training for doctors who were acquiring the techniques of surgery, but there was no system to supply a plentiful number of cadavers for use in anatomical education.</p>","PeriodicalId":76066,"journal":{"name":"Kaibogaku zasshi. Journal of anatomy","volume":"82 1","pages":"3-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26633936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}