Family planning perspectives最新文献

{"title":"Young Mothers' Disadvantage, Not Their Age Itself, Accounts for Their Children's Educational Problems","authors":"D. Hollander","doi":"10.2307/3030196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3030196","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75844,"journal":{"name":"Family planning perspectives","volume":"33 1","pages":"282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3030196","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68555577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Labor Induction for Vaginal Birth after Cesarean May Lead to Uterine Rupture","authors":"D. Hollander","doi":"10.2307/3030203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3030203","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75844,"journal":{"name":"Family planning perspectives","volume":"33 1","pages":"287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3030203","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68555642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Childbearing in cohabiting unions: racial and ethnic differences.","authors":"Wendy D. Manning","doi":"10.2307/2673785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2673785","url":null,"abstract":"CONTEXT\u0000Cohabitation provides a two-parent family union in which to have and raise children outside of marriage. Little is known, however, about the conditions under which cohabiting couples conceive and decide to have children.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000The National Survey of Family Growth provides detailed data on the cohabitation and fertility histories of American women. Life-table techniques, event-history analyses and logistic regression were employed to understand the racial and ethnic differences in the timing of childbearing within cohabiting unions and whether childbearing within cohabiting unions is more acceptable to members of minorities than to whites.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000In multivariate models, Hispanic women were found to be 77% more likely than white women to conceive a child in cohabitation and black women were 69% more likely than white women to do so. Among women who became pregnant while cohabiting, Hispanic women were almost twice as likely and black women were three times as likely as white women to remain cohabiting with their partner when their child was born. In addition, children born to Hispanic women in cohabiting unions were found to be 70% more likely to be intended than were those born to cohabiting white women.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000In terms of fertility, cohabitation does not maintain the same place in the American family system for all racial and ethnic groups. These racial and ethnic differences in fertility-related behavior are not explained by socioeconomic differences. Based on levels of childbearing during cohabitation, relationship status at time of birth and intention status of children, it appears that cohabitation is a more acceptable arena for family building among Hispanic women than among whites or blacks.","PeriodicalId":75844,"journal":{"name":"Family planning perspectives","volume":"33 5 1","pages":"217-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2673785","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68752637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Choice of and satisfaction with methods of medical and surgical abortion among U.S. clinic patients.","authors":"S. Harvey, L. Beckman, S. J. Satre","doi":"10.2307/2673784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2673784","url":null,"abstract":"CONTEXT\u0000Abortion induced by drugs is now a viable alternative to surgically induced abortion for U. S. women. Women's willingness to use these new methods of medical abortion hinges on the extent to which they prove acceptable, however.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000Among 304 women participating in a clinical trial of medical abortion, 186 received a methotrexate-induced abortion and 118 were offered the option of a medical abortion but chose a surgical procedure instead. Study participants completed self-administered questionnaires before the abortion and again at a follow-up visit.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Women in the medical and surgical abortion groups did not differ significantly with regard to demographic and other background characteristics: Their mean age was about 27, more than two-thirds were white, and three-quarters were unmarried and worked either part-time or full-time. However, women's ratings of seven attributes of abortion methods were significant predictors of choosing a medical abortion: Women were more likely to choose medical abortion if they placed greater importance on a method that was nonsurgical, one that resembled a miscarriage or one that could take place at home (odds ratios, 2.0-3.3). Conversely, women were less likely to choose medical abortion if they valued methods that were quick, that did not involve painful cramping or seeing blood or blood clots and that needed a doctor or nurse to be present (odds ratios, 0.3-0.5). Compared with those who had a surgical abortion, women who had a methotrexate-induced abortion expected more bleeding (mean scores, 3.5 vs. 3. 1) and reported more pain (3.4 vs. 2.9), heavier bleeding (3.4 vs. 2.5) and bleeding of longer duration (3.3 vs. 2.6). The overwhelming majority of women in the medical and surgical abortion groups reported that they were either very or somewhat satisfied with their abortion method (81% and 82%, respectively), would recommend it to others (82% and 78%) and would choose the method again (89% and 93%).\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Factors affecting the choice of abortion method appear to be numerous and complex. Providers need to be sensitive to differences in women's values and life circumstances when counseling them about an abortion method. In particular, providers should incorporate into their counseling sessions what women need to know about the characteristics of abortion methods and help women to identify what is the best option for them.","PeriodicalId":75844,"journal":{"name":"Family planning perspectives","volume":"33 5 1","pages":"212-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2673784","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68752627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple Factors, Including Genetic and Environmental Components, Influence when Menopause Begins","authors":"L. Remez","doi":"10.2307/2673790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2673790","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75844,"journal":{"name":"Family planning perspectives","volume":"33 1","pages":"236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2673790","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68752832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patch is as effective as pill; weekly dosing schedule may improve compliance.","authors":"B. Brown","doi":"10.2307/2673793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2673793","url":null,"abstract":"A study in the US and Canada involving 1400 women indicated the contraceptive effectiveness of patch as comparable to that of combined oral contraceptive. The women were randomly assigned to either patch or oral contraceptive for 6 or 13 cycles and contraceptive efficacy was measured by calculating overall and method-related Pearl Indices and cumulative probabilities of pregnancy. Results noted no significant difference in womens experience with breakthrough bleeding with the 2 methods. Moreover the probabilities of pregnancy were similar among women who used the patch and those who used the pill (1-2% over 13 cycles). The types of adverse reactions were also noted to be similar between groups. Although Pearl Indices were numerically lower among users of patch than among women who used the pill differences were statistically insignificant. Furthermore contraceptive compliance was associated with contraceptive efficacy in which womens compliance with using the patch was significantly higher than that with using the pill.","PeriodicalId":75844,"journal":{"name":"Family planning perspectives","volume":"33 1","pages":"239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2673793","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68752994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The NIH condom report: the glass is 90% full.","authors":"W. Cates","doi":"10.2307/2673787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2673787","url":null,"abstract":"for the workshop. In addition, a panel of 28 people was chosen from a spectrum of backgrounds and ideologies to help craft the report. The workshop itself was attended by 180 interested individuals. The ground rules for the report were made clear from the outset. The panel examined only those peer-reviewed, published articles included in the presentations at the workshop. This limitation ensured that the independent scientific evaluation that occurs prior to publication was inherent in all of the data considered. While this approach allowed a certain quality control, it meant that several bodies of data (e.g., those available but unpublished, or those published but deemed unacceptable by the speakers) were not included in the full set of information considered by the panel. Nonetheless, an impressive array of 138 peer-reviewed articles that had been published by the time of the workshop were the basis for the NIH report. The report was limited to evaluating the effectiveness of male latex condoms used during penile-vaginal intercourse. It examined evidence on eight STIs—HIV, gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, chancroid, trichomoniasis, genital herpes and genital human papillomavirus. The evaluation methodology was extensive, considering both the efficacy (ideal use) and the effectiveness (typical use) of the condom. The quality of the study design, the ascertainment of exposure (e.g., consistent condom use), the laboratory measures of outcome (e.g., STIs) and the adequacy of statistical analytic approaches were examined.","PeriodicalId":75844,"journal":{"name":"Family planning perspectives","volume":"33 5 1","pages":"231-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2673787","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68752389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of significant others on Australian teenagers' decisions about pregnancy resolution.","authors":"A. Evans","doi":"10.2307/2673786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2673786","url":null,"abstract":"CONTEXT\u0000Teenagers' decisions about how to resolve a pregnancy are made in the context of a society, a family and a relationship with a partner. Little is known about how such decisions are made, however, particularly in Australia.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000The association between the influence--both direct and indirect--of significant others and adolescent women's decisions to terminate or continue a pregnancy is examined here using data from a case-control study on 1,324 pregnant teenagers in Australia. Bivariate analyses were used to explore the association between pregnancy resolution and direct or indirect influence toward abortion or birth. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to model the association between significant others' influence and teenagers'pregnancy resolution decisions while controlling for adolescent women's background characteristics.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Teenagers who reported that their partner influenced them toward abortion had significantly increased odds of choosing abortion (10.4), and those whose partner influenced them toward motherhood had significantly reduced odds of choosing abortion (0.5). Direct influence from parents toward either abortion or motherhood was not significantly associated with teenagers' decisions. Mothers are an important source of indirect influence, however: Teenagers whose mother had become a mother as a teenager had reduced odds of choosing abortion (0.4), and those whose mother had ever had an abortion had increased odds of choosing abortion (2. 1). Teenagers who had a sister who had ever had an abortion had significantly increased odds of choosing abortion (2.4).\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000While most young women report they were not directly influenced by a significant other in their decision to continue or terminate a pregnancy, pregnancy resolution decisions are affected by families and partners, often indirectly. These findings have important implications for the manner in which services are delivered to these young women.","PeriodicalId":75844,"journal":{"name":"Family planning perspectives","volume":"33 5 1","pages":"224-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2673786","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68752184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The IUD and recovery of fertility.","authors":"I. Sivin, A. Webb, Y. Stedman","doi":"10.2307/2673788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2673788","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75844,"journal":{"name":"Family planning perspectives","volume":"33 5 1","pages":"234, 241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2673788","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68752412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse childhood experiences and sexual risk behaviors in women: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Susan D. Hillis, R. F. Anda, V. Felitti, P. Marchbanks","doi":"10.2307/2673783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2673783","url":null,"abstract":"CONTEXT\u0000Adverse childhood experiences such as physical abuse and sexual abuse have been shown to be related to subsequent unintended pregnancies and infection with sexually transmitted diseases. However, the extent to which sexual risk behaviors in women are associated with exposure to adverse experiences during childhood is not well-understood.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000A total of 5,060 female members of a managed care organization provided information about seven categories of adverse childhood experiences: having experienced emotional, physical or sexual abuse; or having had a battered mother or substance-abusing, mentally ill or criminal household members. Logistic regression was used to model the association between cumulative categories of up to seven adverse childhood experiences and such sexual risk behaviors as early onset of intercourse, 30 or more sexual partners and self-perception as being at risk for AIDS.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Each category of adverse childhood experiences was associated with an increased risk of intercourse by age 15 (odds ratios, 1.6-2.6), with perceiving oneself as being at risk of AIDS (odds ratios, 1.5-2.6) and with having had 30 or more partners (odds ratios, 1.6-3.8). After adjustment for the effects of age at interview and race, women who experienced rising numbers of types of adverse childhood experiences were increasingly likely to see themselves as being at risk of AIDS: Those with one such experience had a slightly elevated likelihood (odds ratio, 1.2), while those with 4-5 or 6-7 such experiences had substantially elevated odds (odds ratios, 1.8 and 4.9, respectively). Similarly, the number of types of adverse experiences was tied to the likelihood of having had 30 or more sexual partners, rising from odds of 1.6 for those with one type of adverse experience and 1.9 for those with two to odds of 8.2 among those with 6-7. Finally, the chances that a woman first had sex by age 15 also rose progressively with increasing numbers of such experiences, from odds of 1.8 among those with one type of adverse childhood experience to 7.0 among those with 6-7.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Among individuals with a history of adverse childhood experiences, risky sexual behavior may represent their attempts to achieve intimate interpersonal connections. Having grown up in families unable to provide needed protection, such individuals may be unprepared to protect themselves and may underestimate the risks they take in their attempts to achieve intimacy. If so, coping with such problems represents a serious public health challenge.","PeriodicalId":75844,"journal":{"name":"Family planning perspectives","volume":"33 5 1","pages":"206-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2673783","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68752622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}