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[Toxicological assessment. A solid basis for preventive health care? Considerations on the preventive character of guidelines for (heavy) metal contamination of children's playgrounds]. (毒理学评价。预防保健的坚实基础?关于儿童游乐场(重金属)污染指南预防性质的思考[j]。
Das Offentliche Gesundheitswesen Pub Date : 1991-11-01
L Müller
{"title":"[Toxicological assessment. A solid basis for preventive health care? Considerations on the preventive character of guidelines for (heavy) metal contamination of children's playgrounds].","authors":"L Müller","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present report discusses the standard limit reference values for metal content of playgrounds, set by the authorities in North-Rhine-Westphalia, Berlin, Hamburg and Bremen. Taking the metals arsenic, lead and cadmium as an example, the causative role of region specific conditions for establishing the limit values for protective measures are described. Essentially, two factors influence the decision: 1. the background concentrations of metals in sand and soils differ between the various states; 2. there is a lack of a uniform concept for the quantitative evaluation of oral intake as a main route of ingestion of metals endangering the health of children on child playgrounds. Due to insufficient data, arbitrary assumptions in respect of intake, relevant age group or playing-time on playgrounds are made. From a toxicological point of view the standard limit values, exceed the span of toxicological tolerance, in an attempt to combine pragmatic and toxicological considerations. However, only few of these values agree with the basic principles of preventive care.</p>","PeriodicalId":75776,"journal":{"name":"Das Offentliche Gesundheitswesen","volume":"53 11","pages":"736-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12998843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Appreciation: Prof. Geoffrey Arthur Rose, CBE]. [感谢:Geoffrey Arthur Rose教授，CBE]。
Das Offentliche Gesundheitswesen Pub Date : 1991-11-01
U Laaser
{"title":"[Appreciation: Prof. Geoffrey Arthur Rose, CBE].","authors":"U Laaser","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75776,"journal":{"name":"Das Offentliche Gesundheitswesen","volume":"53 11","pages":"719-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12998840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Methods and knowledge--the necessity for a system-oriented environmental medicine]. [方法与知识——以系统为导向的环境医学的必要性]。
Das Offentliche Gesundheitswesen Pub Date : 1991-11-01
V Mersch-Sundermann
{"title":"[Methods and knowledge--the necessity for a system-oriented environmental medicine].","authors":"V Mersch-Sundermann","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the marked signs that human interventions and manipulations of the natural environment are dangerous to human health, physicians are not very interested in correlations between diseases and changes of the global environment. Physicians and scientists of the medical faculties of the universities as well as residents and general practitioners mostly ignore ecological effects on human life. The reason for this is not only insufficient education, but in particular a wrong theoretical basis with regard to the explanations of global biological and ecological processes. The present paper is supposed to point to the major problems of environmental medicine and the necessity of broader and more detailed scientific knowledge to recognise the multidimensional nature of kinetic and evolutionary systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":75776,"journal":{"name":"Das Offentliche Gesundheitswesen","volume":"53 11","pages":"730-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12998842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Cancer register problems--modified reporting law model for the improvement of data protection]. 【癌症登记问题——改进报告法律模式以改善数据保护】。
Das Offentliche Gesundheitswesen Pub Date : 1991-11-01
R Schrage
{"title":"[Cancer register problems--modified reporting law model for the improvement of data protection].","authors":"R Schrage","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The author suggests creating a \"Reporting Law Model with Peripheral Part Anonymisation\" that preserves the advantages of the reporting law model which are internationally recognised in respect of reliability of registration, on the one hand, while on the other hand the general and individual requirements of sufficient protection of sensitive data are also taken care of. This is achieved by separating the personal data from the factual data at the reporting office level. These data are transmitted separately to the registration offices and their confidential files. It is nevertheless possible to detect any double or multiple reporting and to perform fault finding in respect of personal data. It is also possible to add further data to any patient's case history. This cancer registration model can always cope with the required descriptive and analytical epidemiological tasks that are expected of it. It can be arranged to cover a wide area in a continuous manner without loss of time and without considerable expenditure. Documentation work to be performed by the reporting offices is minimised.</p>","PeriodicalId":75776,"journal":{"name":"Das Offentliche Gesundheitswesen","volume":"53 11","pages":"746-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12998844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The role of government in preventive medicine. 政府在预防医学中的作用。
Das Offentliche Gesundheitswesen Pub Date : 1991-11-01
G A Rose
{"title":"The role of government in preventive medicine.","authors":"G A Rose","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75776,"journal":{"name":"Das Offentliche Gesundheitswesen","volume":"53 11","pages":"725-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12998841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Are conventional roentgen technics for tbc diagnosis still acceptable?]. [传统的tbc诊断x线技术是否仍然可以接受?]
Das Offentliche Gesundheitswesen Pub Date : 1991-11-01
H S Stender, D Saure
{"title":"[Are conventional roentgen technics for tbc diagnosis still acceptable?].","authors":"H S Stender,&nbsp;D Saure","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Image quality in chest radiography has to be high enough that even subtle pulmonary abnormalities can be easily visualised. Conventional screen/film radiographs obtained with 200 to 400 speed systems fulfil this requirement well enough. Large screen and slit beam image intensifier systems that have replaced fluoroscopy screens, yield equivalently good results. The amber system and storage phosphor digital radiography systems are efficient alternatives. Radiation exposure is generally low and decreased further if image intensifiers are used. Conventional technique with highly sensitive film/screen combinations has been approved for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":75776,"journal":{"name":"Das Offentliche Gesundheitswesen","volume":"53 11","pages":"753-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12998845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Reduction in length of stay in Federal German acute hospitals between 1980 and 1989 in connection with hospital size]. [1980年至1989年期间德国联邦急症医院住院时间减少，与医院规模有关]。
Das Offentliche Gesundheitswesen Pub Date : 1991-11-01
R H Dinkel, E Görtler
{"title":"[Reduction in length of stay in Federal German acute hospitals between 1980 and 1989 in connection with hospital size].","authors":"R H Dinkel,&nbsp;E Görtler","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This investigation was conducted on the basis of data collected by the German opinion poll company Infratest (whose health research division created a DTI = diagnosis and therapy index) to find out whether the reduced length of stay of patients in Federal german hospitals for acute disease that took place during the past decade, showed any kind of distribution pattern in respect of hospital size. First of all, the average age distribution and diagnostic patterns of the patients in the individual size ranges of the hospitals for acute diseases were determined. Secondly, the investigation aimed at determining how the development of multimorbidity was distributed among the individual size ranges of hospitals. The reduced length of hospital stay between 1980 and 1989 took an almost uniform course in all hospital size groups. The largest hospitals (over 1,000 beds) have the lowest average duration of stay over the investigated period, whereas the small hospitals with 100-200 beds have the highest. The only mavericks were the smallest hospitals with less than 100 patients, where the length of stay had been highest in 1980, the reduction being subsequently the strongest despite the fact that the patient structure had become less favourable. Thus, the very smallest hospitals had overall a less-than-average length of stay in 1989.</p>","PeriodicalId":75776,"journal":{"name":"Das Offentliche Gesundheitswesen","volume":"53 11","pages":"757-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12999535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Social medicine and state]. [社会医学与国家]。
Das Offentliche Gesundheitswesen Pub Date : 1991-11-01
J G Gostomzyk
{"title":"[Social medicine and state].","authors":"J G Gostomzyk","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75776,"journal":{"name":"Das Offentliche Gesundheitswesen","volume":"53 11","pages":"715-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12998839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Endogenous factors next to exogenous ones should not be overlooked in carcinogenesis]. [在癌变中，内源性因素与外源性因素并列，不可忽视]。
Das Offentliche Gesundheitswesen Pub Date : 1991-10-01
F Adlkofer
{"title":"[Endogenous factors next to exogenous ones should not be overlooked in carcinogenesis].","authors":"F Adlkofer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75776,"journal":{"name":"Das Offentliche Gesundheitswesen","volume":"53 Suppl 2 ","pages":"129-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12999183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[The contribution of epidemiology to environmental, work site and public health]. [流行病学对环境、工作场所和公众健康的贡献]。
Das Offentliche Gesundheitswesen Pub Date : 1991-10-01
J G Gostomzyk
{"title":"[The contribution of epidemiology to environmental, work site and public health].","authors":"J G Gostomzyk","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75776,"journal":{"name":"Das Offentliche Gesundheitswesen","volume":"53 10","pages":"657"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12998498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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