{"title":"Metabolism of insecticides and herbicides in higher plants.","authors":"J J Menn, G G Still","doi":"10.3109/10408447709101340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10408447709101340","url":null,"abstract":"(1977). Metabolism of Insecticides and Herbicides in Higher Plants. CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology: Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 1-21.","PeriodicalId":75752,"journal":{"name":"CRC critical reviews in toxicology","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10408447709101340","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11539391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Primary pulmonary responses to toxic agents.","authors":"H Witschi, M G Côte","doi":"10.3109/10408447709101341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10408447709101341","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75752,"journal":{"name":"CRC critical reviews in toxicology","volume":"5 1","pages":"23-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10408447709101341","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11539392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Immune suppression as related to toxicology.","authors":"J G Vos","doi":"10.3109/10408447709101342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10408447709101342","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75752,"journal":{"name":"CRC critical reviews in toxicology","volume":"5 1","pages":"67-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10408447709101342","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11241059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental analgesic nephropathy.","authors":"I Rosner","doi":"10.1080/10408447609164017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408447609164017","url":null,"abstract":"The renal and other organ damage induced by mild analgesics in animals under acute or subacute conditions is not specific to analgesics; it may have a relationship to acute poisoning in man but is not related to human nephropathy attributed to analgesic abuse. Chronic experiments with single or mixed analgesics conducted under stringent scientific conditions are negative if the dose levels are not lethal. Dehydration combined with high dose levels of analgesics produces papillary necrosis in rats but such experiments are not relevant to human analgesic nephropathy. The dependence of phenacetiri metabolism on the dose level administered, demonstrated by the increased formation of potentially toxic metabolites, has great importance for the understanding of analgesic nephropathy in man. This type of nephropathy seems to be specific for humans; the immunologic theory affirming the role of the antigen of p-phenetidine is the most plausible but needs further confirmation. Results in the field of analgesic-induc...","PeriodicalId":75752,"journal":{"name":"CRC critical reviews in toxicology","volume":"4 4","pages":"331-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10408447609164017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11983553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chemical reactivity, biotransformation, and toxicity of polychlorinated aliphatic compounds.","authors":"G Bonse, D Henschler","doi":"10.1080/10408447609164019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408447609164019","url":null,"abstract":"The metabolic transformation of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons to reactive intermediates is predominantly determined by the number of chlorine substitutions and the type of C-C bonds. Due to their electron-attracting effect, chlorine residues exert a destabilization in alkanes, resulting in metabolic conversions to either alkenes (dechlorination or dehydrochlorination) or free radicals. Chlorinated alkenes are enzymatically oxidized to epoxides which may be hydrolized (enzymatically or nonenzymatically), react with cellular nucleophiles, or rearrange to either chlorinated aldehydes or acyl chlorides. In the series of chlorinated ethylenes (tetra-, tri-, 1,2-cis- and trans-di-, 1,1-di-, and monochloroethylene) the metabolites thus far identified are identical to or biological conjugates of the expected thermal rearrangement products of the epoxides, with one important exception: trichloroethylene. The thermal rearrangement of this epoxide leads to dichloroacetylchloride; in vivo, however, only chloral ...","PeriodicalId":75752,"journal":{"name":"CRC critical reviews in toxicology","volume":"4 4","pages":"395-409"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10408447609164019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11983555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Foreign body tumorigenesis.","authors":"K G Brand, K H Johnson, L C Buoen","doi":"10.1080/10408447609164018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408447609164018","url":null,"abstract":"This review deals with factors and mechanisms involved in sarcoma development upon implantation of chemically inert foreign bodies. The topic is of importance regarding cancer in asbestosis or schistosomiasis, and also in view of increasing ise of artificial implants. After detailing morphological and biological characteristics of foreign body-induced sarcomas in man and animals, the review focuses on specific properties of implants and experimental animals which determine or influence tumor incidence and latency. Included are surface properties, size and shape of implants, and species characteristics, sex, and genetic background of animals. It follows a description of recent etiologic research which has evealed foreign body tumorigenesis as a multistage developmental process. Some of the salient features are monoclonal forigin from mesenchymal stem cells of the micro-vasculature; origination of neoplastic destination and specific tumor leterminants in cells distant from the implant during the earliest st...","PeriodicalId":75752,"journal":{"name":"CRC critical reviews in toxicology","volume":"4 4","pages":"353-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10408447609164018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11983554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Metabolic aspects of selenium action and toxicity.","authors":"A T Diplock","doi":"10.1080/10408447609164016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408447609164016","url":null,"abstract":"The nutritional observations, on which the activity of selenium is based, are briefly reviewed, and the interactions of the trace element with vitamin E, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and sulfur amino acids at the dietary level highlighted. Brief mention is made of early morphological effects of vitamin E and selenium deficiency and of “classical” interpretations of these in biochemical terms. The concept is developed, based on recent observations in a number of laboratories, that selenium participates in enzyme systems that have an oxidation/reduction role. In this connection, work on glutathione peroxidase on a selenoenzyme of lamb nuscle, on certain bacterial reductases, and on rat liver electron-transfer systems is discussed.The toxicology of selenium is reviewed briefly, and interactions of the element with mercury, cadmium, silver, and arsenic are discussed. Mechanisms for selenium detoxication are considered, and probable biochemical pathways for treatment of toxic amounts of selenium are set out. F...","PeriodicalId":75752,"journal":{"name":"CRC critical reviews in toxicology","volume":"4 3","pages":"271-329"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10408447609164016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11967119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stereology of cellular reaction patterns.","authors":"A Reith, T Barnard, H P Rohr","doi":"10.1080/10408447609164015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408447609164015","url":null,"abstract":"Morphometric (strictly stereologic) methods, based on simple mathematical formulae and elementary statistical principles, permit the synthesis of quantitative models having the coordinates of three-dimensional space, of organelle, cell, and tissue structures. This provides a sounder basis than has previously been available for the detailed comparison of the results of structural investigations with those obtained by other techniques, e.g., physiology or biochemistry. After a brief outline of the methods of determining volume and area, the estimation of numbers of objects is considered in more detail. The influence of fixatives upon results and the use of correction factors for various systematic errors are discussed. A summary of the available data on various differentiated organs in steadystate is provided, with emphasis on the liver. A description of the changes of cellularity in liver during the life cycle and in response to various stimuli (e.g., hormones, nutrition pharmaceuticals, etc.) is followed ...","PeriodicalId":75752,"journal":{"name":"CRC critical reviews in toxicology","volume":"4 3","pages":"219-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10408447609164015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11279369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Drug-induced phospholipidoses. II. Tissue distribution of the amphiphilic drug chlorphentermine.","authors":"H Lüllmann, R Lüllmann-Rauch, O Wassermann","doi":"10.1080/10408447509164014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408447509164014","url":null,"abstract":"This review deals with drug-induced lipidoses and the possible underlying mechanisms. A variety of drugs, widely differing in their main pharmacological actions, but closely resembling each other with respect to particular physiochemical properties, have been found to cause in animals and man cytological alterations that are reminiscent of the inherited lipid-storage diseases of man. Ultrastructurally, the alterations are characterized by multilamellated or crystalloid cytoplasmic inclusions, i.e., residual bodies resulting from an intralysosomal accumulation of polar lipids. Biochemically, some of the most severely affected tissues have been demonstrated to contain increased amounts of phospholipids and of the drug applied. All drugs hitherto found to induce such alterations are cationic amphiphilic (amphipathic) compounds; they possess a highly apolar ring system and a cationic hydrophilic side chain (e.g., triparanol, chloroquine, chlorzyclizine, 4,4′-diethylaminoethoxyhexestrol, chlorphentermine, ipri...","PeriodicalId":75752,"journal":{"name":"CRC critical reviews in toxicology","volume":"4 2","pages":"185-218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10408447509164014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11226791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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