CRC critical reviews in toxicology最新文献

Paraquat. 百草枯。

CRC critical reviews in toxicology Pub Date : 2019-09-17 DOI: 10.1201/9780203735398-124

P. Smith, D. Heath

引用次数: 0

Sulfite hypersensitivity. A critical review. 亚硫酸盐过敏。批判性的评论。

CRC critical reviews in toxicology Pub Date : 1987-01-01 DOI: 10.3109/10408448709071208

A F Gunnison, D W Jacobsen

引用次数: 166

Chemically induced renal papillary necrosis and upper urothelial carcinoma. Part 2. 化学诱导肾乳头状坏死和上尿路上皮癌。第2部分。

CRC critical reviews in toxicology Pub Date : 1985-01-01 DOI: 10.3109/10408448509056267

P H Bach, J W Bridges

{"title":"Chemically induced renal papillary necrosis and upper urothelial carcinoma. Part 2.","authors":"P H Bach, J W Bridges","doi":"10.3109/10408448509056267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10408448509056267","url":null,"abstract":"In the past, renal papillary necrosis (RPN) has been commonly associated with long-term abusive analgesic intake, but over recent years a wide variety of industrially and therapeutically used chemicals have been shown to induce this lesion experimentally or in man. Destruction of the renal papilla may result in: (1) secondary degenerative cortical changes which precede chronic renal failure or (2) a rapidly metastasizing upper urothelial carcinoma, which has a very poor prognosis. This article will briefly review the published data on the morphology, function, and biochemistry of the normal renal medulla and the pathology associated with RPN, together with the secondary changes which give rise to cortical degeneration or epithelial carcinoma. It will then examine in detail those chemicals which have been reported to cause RPN in an attempt to delineate structure-activity relationships. Finally, the many different theories that have been proposed to explain the pathophysiology of RPN will be examined and an hypothesis will be put forward to explain the primary pathogenesis of the lesion and its secondary consequences.","PeriodicalId":75752,"journal":{"name":"CRC critical reviews in toxicology","volume":"15 4","pages":"331-441"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10408448509056267","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15051218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Hypervitaminosis A induced teratogenesis. A型维生素过多症诱发畸胎症。

CRC critical reviews in toxicology Pub Date : 1979-11-01 DOI: 10.3109/10408447909043651

J A Geelen

{"title":"Hypervitaminosis A induced teratogenesis.","authors":"J A Geelen","doi":"10.3109/10408447909043651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10408447909043651","url":null,"abstract":"In the past decade, the toxicology of reproduction has become increasingly important. This branch of toxicology focuses on mutagenic and embryotoxic effects. The study of embryotoxicity requires an extensive knowledge of the interaction of drugs and embryonic tissues, normal and abnormal developmental processes, and the susceptible stages during prenatal development. Hypervitaminosis A is one of the most extensively studied teratogens. It produces defects in almost all organ systems. Therefore, this article will first of all review the vitamin A-induced malformations in several organ systems. Moreover, it will discuss their morphogenesis and the susceptible developmental stages. Thus, the first ten chapters will cover the following subjects: malformations of the nervous system, ocular malformations, malformations of the ear, craniofacial malformations, cleft palate, defects of the circulatory system, defects of the respiratory systems, defects of the digestive tract, urogenital defects, skeletal malformations, and abnormal postnatal development. Since in general little is known about the mechanisms involved in the induction of congenital defects, we think it is of great value to review the knowledge and experience that have been gathered by the experimental work with hypervitaminosis A. Therefore, the next chapters will discuss the following subjects: teratogenic effects in different species, minimum effective dose, interaction with other agents, influence of chemical form, solvent, and route of administration, pathophysiology of vitamin A embryotoxicity, and hypervitaminosis A and human pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":75752,"journal":{"name":"CRC critical reviews in toxicology","volume":"6 4","pages":"351-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10408447909043651","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11597247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 217

Behavioral, neurological, and toxic effects of methyl chloride: a review of the literature. 氯甲烷的行为、神经和毒性作用:文献综述。

CRC critical reviews in toxicology Pub Date : 1979-11-01 DOI: 10.3109/10408447909043649

J D Repko, S M Lasley

{"title":"Behavioral, neurological, and toxic effects of methyl chloride: a review of the literature.","authors":"J D Repko, S M Lasley","doi":"10.3109/10408447909043649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10408447909043649","url":null,"abstract":"A large number of reports have been devoted to the physiologic and toxic effects of methyl chloride, many of which are based on case histories involving occupational exposure. The detrimental actions of methyl chloride on the central and peripheral nervous systems are well established effects. It is a moderately severe narcotic and potentially severe nerve poison. Chronic intoxication is associated with damage to the central nervous system (CNS), kidneys, liver, bone marrow, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, and intestinal tract. The signs and symptoms range from the more severe medical dysfunctions such as cardiac irregularities, respiratory paralysis, nerve degeneration, and severe convulsions to the more subtle clinical observations such as CNS depression, nervousness and emotional instability, insomnia and anorexia, ataxia, blurred vision, light-headedness, nausea, dizziness, narcosis, and disorientation. The behavioral correlates of these and other neurotoxic effects of methyl chloride suggest that a gradual behavioral degradation occurs. Pharmacodynamic studies have shown the compound to be rapidly absorbed by the blood with most authors attributing the toxicity to an enzyme-catalyzed methylation reaction in the body. Despite the fact that several investigators have attempted to correlate such biological responses of methyl chloride with its toxicity, the present knowledge of the problem still lacks a detailed mechanism of action. Until such mechanisms are verified, adequate methods to assess subclinical neurological and behavioral changes must be effectively developed.","PeriodicalId":75752,"journal":{"name":"CRC critical reviews in toxicology","volume":"6 4","pages":"283-302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10408447909043649","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11597245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 33

Ultrastructural localization and in situ analysis of iron, bismuth, and gold inclusions. 铁、铋和金包裹体的超微结构定位和原位分析。

CRC critical reviews in toxicology Pub Date : 1979-11-01 DOI: 10.3109/10408447909043650

F N Ghadially

{"title":"Ultrastructural localization and in situ analysis of iron, bismuth, and gold inclusions.","authors":"F N Ghadially","doi":"10.3109/10408447909043650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10408447909043650","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to review ultrastructural and electron probe X-ray analytical studies on metallic deposits in cells. The metals that will be dealt with are iron, bismuth, and gold, mainly because they have been extensively studied in recent years. The nature and chemical composition of endogenously (e.g., from breakdown of autologous blood) and exogenously (e.g., after a transfusion or injection of iron compounds) produced hemosiderin (i.e., iron deposits) has been the subject of time-hallowed controversies. Quite a few of these have now been resolved by ultrastructural studies and the atomic composition of such deposits has been determined by electron probe X-ray analysis. The interest in bismuth centers around the fact that this is one of the two metals (the other being lead) that produces quite large intranuclear inclusions. Here again much has been learned by ultrastructural and X-ray analytical studies. The interest in gold stems from the fact that soluble salts of this metal are used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and current studies with the above-mentioned techniques indicates how gold produces its beneficial and toxic effects.","PeriodicalId":75752,"journal":{"name":"CRC critical reviews in toxicology","volume":"6 4","pages":"303-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10408447909043650","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11597246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Mutagenic factors in cooked foods. 熟食中的致突变因子。

CRC critical reviews in toxicology Pub Date : 1979-08-01 DOI: 10.3109/10408447909037483

T Sugimura, M Nagao

{"title":"Mutagenic factors in cooked foods.","authors":"T Sugimura, M Nagao","doi":"10.3109/10408447909037483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10408447909037483","url":null,"abstract":"The charred surface of fish and beef showed strong mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium test strains when activated by S-9 mix of rat liver. The pyrolysis products of proteins and amino acids were also highly mutagenic. Among the pyrolysis products of amino acids, those of tryptophan, serine, and glutamic acid were most active. The new gamma-carboline derivatives, 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole and 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole, were purified from the pyrolysis products of tryptophan. These new compounds were stronger mutagens than aflatoxin B1 towards S. typhimurium TA98, a frameshift type mutant, and they also transformed cryopreserved Syrian hamster embryo cells in vitro. Tryptophan pyrolysate also contained the beta-carboline derivatives, norharman and harman, which are not mutagenic alone, but act as comutagens. A mixture of norharman or harman and nonmutagenic aniline or o-toluidine was strongly mutagenic. The mutagenicities of charred products of other foods, such as seaweed and garlic, are reviewed in this article. Flavonoids, such as kaempferol and quercetin, and glycosides of these flavonoles were mutagenic. The mutagenicity of cooked vegetables depends partly on these flavonoid derivatives. The already-known existence of benzol[a]pyrene and nitroso compounds in cooked food is also reviewed.","PeriodicalId":75752,"journal":{"name":"CRC critical reviews in toxicology","volume":"6 3","pages":"189-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10408447909037483","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11598556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 110

Macrophage polykarya. 巨噬细胞polykarya。

CRC critical reviews in toxicology Pub Date : 1979-08-01 DOI: 10.3109/10408447909037484

J M Papadimitriou, M N Walters

{"title":"Macrophage polykarya.","authors":"J M Papadimitriou, M N Walters","doi":"10.3109/10408447909037484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10408447909037484","url":null,"abstract":"Multinucleated giant cells are commonly found in a wide variety of inflammatory reactions. They are formed at sites of tissue injury by fusion of freshly exuded monocytes, the rate of fusion being dependent on a range of extracellular and intracellular factors. Electron miscroscopy shows that the pooled components of the fused monocytes are not randomly dispersed in the syncytium, but are highly reorganized into a functioning unit. In addition, histochemical and biochemical profiles of cell populations containing these polykarya display a range of metabolic activities, including DNA synthesis, which, on occasions, is followed by successful mitotic division and the formation of polyploid daughter cells. Fusion results in the loss of some surface receptors which in turn interferes with the phagocytic performance of polykarya, which is generally less pronounced than their mononuclear precurses. In addition, polykarya are not as actively motile as macrophages although phenomena of contact inhibition are less obvious. On the other hand, the multinucleate giant cells display prominent exocytosis which may aid in the degradation of extracellular material. The properties of macrophage polykarya contrast with macrophage homokarya produced in vitro. The latter are actively phagocytic, do not synthesize DNA, and have a longer half-life than the syncytia produced in chronic inflammatory reactions. It may well be that the polykarya in such reactions are not true homokarya.","PeriodicalId":75752,"journal":{"name":"CRC critical reviews in toxicology","volume":"6 3","pages":"211-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10408447909037484","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11598557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Problems of dose-response studies in chemical carcinogenesis with special reference to N-nitroso compounds. 化学致癌作用中剂量反应研究的问题，特别涉及n -亚硝基化合物。

CRC critical reviews in toxicology Pub Date : 1979-08-01 DOI: 10.3109/10408447909037485

D Schmähl

引用次数: 15

Critical review and evaluation of the neurological and behavioral sequelae of inorganic lead absorption. 无机铅吸收的神经和行为后遗症的评述和评价。

CRC critical reviews in toxicology Pub Date : 1979-01-01 DOI: 10.3109/10408447909037486

J. D. Repko, C. Corum

引用次数: 10