CRC critical reviews in toxicology最新文献_第2页

Critical review and evaluation of the neurological and behavioral sequelae of inorganic lead absorption. 无机铅吸收的神经和行为后遗症的评述和评价。

CRC critical reviews in toxicology Pub Date : 1979-01-01 DOI: 10.3109/10408447909113048

J D Repko, C R Corum

引用次数: 51

A review of the specifications and toxicity of synthetic food colors permitted in Canada. 加拿大允许的合成食用色素的规格和毒性审查。

CRC critical reviews in toxicology Pub Date : 1979-01-01 DOI: 10.3109/10408447909113047

K S Khera, I C Munro

引用次数: 0

Phagocytosis: a review. 吞噬作用:综述。

CRC critical reviews in toxicology Pub Date : 1978-09-01 DOI: 10.3109/10408447809081012

M N Walters, J M Papadimitriou

{"title":"Phagocytosis: a review.","authors":"M N Walters, J M Papadimitriou","doi":"10.3109/10408447809081012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10408447809081012","url":null,"abstract":"Primitive unicellular organisms depend greatly on internalization of particulate matter for nourishment. In metazoa, this process is further developed to play a major role in mechanisms of defense. This review analyzes, mainly in mammalian systems, the various phenomena surrounding the phagocytic act. Much of the emphasis is placed on experimental work which has recently elucidated some of its features. Both the structural and functional aspects of phagocytosis are considered throughout the review, which is subdivided into an examination of chemotaxis and the various agents inducing it, the mode of recognition of particles to be phagocytized, and the mechanisms of ingestion. The last includes a discussion of the possible means whereby recognition is translated into ingestion, the modes of adhesion of particles onto the surface of phagocytes, the formation and fusion of pseudopodia during engulfment and ingestion, and process and significance of degranulation. In addition, the metabolic changes in phagocytes during the processes of chemotaxis, ingestion, and digestion are described. A discussion of the various ways phagocytes may destroy microorganisms incorporates an appreciation of the importance of the microbicidal action of the acidic environment of the phagosome, the various lysosomal contents, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, singlet oxygen, and chemiluminescence. The interdependence and interrelationship of the induction and cooperation of these mechanisms are examined.","PeriodicalId":75752,"journal":{"name":"CRC critical reviews in toxicology","volume":"5 4","pages":"377-421"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10408447809081012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11426485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 41

The toxicity of salt. 盐的毒性。

CRC critical reviews in toxicology Pub Date : 1978-09-01 DOI: 10.3109/10408447809081011

H D Battarbee, G R Meneely

{"title":"The toxicity of salt.","authors":"H D Battarbee, G R Meneely","doi":"10.3109/10408447809081011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10408447809081011","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of sodium toxicity has been controversial for a long time. There is no question that the element can be noxious when consumed acutely in large quantities and there is little doubt as to cause and effect Conversely the consequences of mederate chronic sodium consumption are much harder to document. The effects are insidious and are subject to modification by a variety of environmental influences such as dietary potassium. In addition most studies of chronic sodium excess have dealt with elusive subject of \"essential\" hypertension. Interpretations of data have been very difficult, and conflicting reports have occurred. Nevertheless epidemiological, clinical, and animal studies show that chronic excess sodium ingestion acting upon a substrate of genetic susceptibility, is an important etiologic factor in essential hypertension and the expression of its sequelae. Positive correlations have also have been obtained between dietary salt and the incidence of stroke and gastric cancer. Dietary potassium appears to confer some degree of protection from the toxic properties of sodium through some unknown mechanism. Available evidence indicates that a suitable intake of salt for man might be approximately 3.5 g/day and probably less. Salt consumption in most developed countries ranges between 8 to 40 g/day, and modern methods of food processing and preparation deplete the protective potassium. The incidences of hypertension in these countries range between 15 to 40% of their populations, and it exacts a dreadful toll. Recognition of the toxic properties of sodium and knowledge of the mechanisms involved in its toxicity offer great possibilities in the area of preventive medicine It may be possible by the sorting out of hypertension-prone subjects and dietary intervention to prevent or minimize the development of hypertension in susceptible individuals. This says nothing of other aspects of sodium toxicity, of which we are largely ignorant.","PeriodicalId":75752,"journal":{"name":"CRC critical reviews in toxicology","volume":"5 4","pages":"355-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10408447809081011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11567648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

The effects of asbestos on macrophages. 石棉对巨噬细胞的影响。

CRC critical reviews in toxicology Pub Date : 1978-09-01 DOI: 10.3109/10408447809081010

K Miller

{"title":"The effects of asbestos on macrophages.","authors":"K Miller","doi":"10.3109/10408447809081010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10408447809081010","url":null,"abstract":"The exact role of the alveolar macrophage in the pathogenesis of asbestosis is not known. Most studies of the effect of asbestos on macrophages have been concerned with the in vitro biochemical or cytotoxic properties of the dust and have made use of peritoneal macrophages. In general, chrysotile had a toxic effect on the macrophages, whereas amphibole varieties did not. Most forms of absetos, however, are actively fibrogenic in man and animals, and there is no clear correlation between in vitro cytotoxicity of various forms of asbestos and their fibrogenicity. Recent experiments in which animals are exposed to asbestos in vivo provide evidence of alteration of macrophage activity, as demonstrated by changes in surface morphology and IgG receptor sites, as well as released of various secretory products. Deposition of complement components found on the surface of alveolar marcophages from animals exposed to asbestos could be a manifestation of a humoral immune response directed against an altered cell. The capacity of macrophages to participate in inflammation, tissue repair, and immunity suggests an immunopathogenic concept for the development of asbestosis.","PeriodicalId":75752,"journal":{"name":"CRC critical reviews in toxicology","volume":"5 4","pages":"319-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/10408447809081010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11567647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 56

Bacterial toxins. 细菌毒素。

CRC critical reviews in toxicology Pub Date : 1977-11-01 DOI: 10.3109/10408447709082601

L J Berry

引用次数: 0

Phytotoxin tables. 植物毒素表。

CRC critical reviews in toxicology Pub Date : 1977-11-01 DOI: 10.3109/10408447709082600

J A Duke

引用次数: 9

Environmental, toxicological and related aspects of tryptophan metabolism with particular reference to the central nervous system. 色氨酸代谢的环境、毒理学和相关方面，特别涉及中枢神经系统。

CRC critical reviews in toxicology Pub Date : 1977-09-01 DOI: 10.3109/10408447709003378

G Curzon, P J Knott

引用次数: 24

Tissue culture in pneumoconiosis. 尘肺病的组织培养。

CRC critical reviews in toxicology Pub Date : 1977-09-01 DOI: 10.3109/10408447709003376

J L Kaw

引用次数: 1

Chronic progressive nephrosis in the albino rat. 白化大鼠慢性进行性肾病。

CRC critical reviews in toxicology Pub Date : 1977-09-01 DOI: 10.3109/10408447709003377

J E Gray

引用次数: 98