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Prevalence of overweight and hypertension in Tanzania: special emphasis on resting energy expenditure and leptin. 坦桑尼亚超重和高血压患病率:特别强调静息能量消耗和瘦素。
Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology. Supplement Pub Date : 2002-10-01
Sachiko Kuga, Marina Njelekela, Takanori Noguchi, Tomo Kanda, Masashi Yamori, Toshiaki Sato, Tomohiro Miki, Katsumi Ikeda, Yasuo Nara, Jacob Mtabaji
{"title":"Prevalence of overweight and hypertension in Tanzania: special emphasis on resting energy expenditure and leptin.","authors":"Sachiko Kuga,&nbsp;Marina Njelekela,&nbsp;Takanori Noguchi,&nbsp;Tomo Kanda,&nbsp;Masashi Yamori,&nbsp;Toshiaki Sato,&nbsp;Tomohiro Miki,&nbsp;Katsumi Ikeda,&nbsp;Yasuo Nara,&nbsp;Jacob Mtabaji","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. In the present study we investigated the difference in the distribution of selected cardiovascular disease risk factors among three middle-aged Tanzanian populations with different lifestyles. 2. The prevalence of hypertension and overweight was higher in urban areas than in rural areas. Plasma leptin concentration was also highest in urban areas. Based on these results, we speculated that overweight in the urban population may be partly due to adiposity. 3. Resting energy expenditure was lower in urban areas than in other areas for both genders. These findings suggest that the high prevalence of overweight in the urban population may be partly due to low physical activity levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":75710,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology. Supplement","volume":" 29","pages":"S23-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22044846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development and evaluation of a simple calorimeter for the measurement of resting metabolism. 测量静息代谢的简易量热计的研制与评价。
Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology. Supplement Pub Date : 2002-10-01
Toshiyo Tamura, Noriko Ichinoseki, Takumi Yoshimura, Yoshihiko Torii
{"title":"Development and evaluation of a simple calorimeter for the measurement of resting metabolism.","authors":"Toshiyo Tamura,&nbsp;Noriko Ichinoseki,&nbsp;Takumi Yoshimura,&nbsp;Yoshihiko Torii","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. A simple calorimeter based on the measurement of oxygen uptake has been developed. 2. A respiratory simulator was used to evaluate oxygen uptake at different flow rates. A known concentration of mixed gases flows into the calorimeter via the respiratory simulator. Oxygen concentration and flow rate were measured and stored to memory for further analysis. 3. Results indicate that large errors occur at low flow rates, but that the error is less than 5% under normal conditions. 4. This device can be used to measure oxygen uptake under resting conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":75710,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology. Supplement","volume":" 29","pages":"S2-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22044845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Resting energy expenditure among Japanese. 日本人的静息能量消耗。
Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology. Supplement Pub Date : 2002-10-01
N Hosoya, F Mitsuhashi, M Sugiyama
{"title":"Resting energy expenditure among Japanese.","authors":"N Hosoya,&nbsp;F Mitsuhashi,&nbsp;M Sugiyama","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. Resting energy expenditure (REE) provides appropriate basic data for the calculation of energy requirements. 2. The REE of 6498 subjects according to sex and age (1 year stratification), with a minimum of 10 subjects per group, was measured systematically using the easy portable calorimeter (Metavine; Vine, Tokyo, Japan). 3. The REE or the REE/kg according to age and sex was observed to obtain the amount of standard deviation (20-25%). 4. The REE/kg for male and female subjects was maintained at a steady level after the age of 15 years and was estimated to be around 29 kcal/kg.</p>","PeriodicalId":75710,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology. Supplement","volume":" 29","pages":"S16-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22044949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Accuracy of flow and sensors of indirect calorimetry for neonates and infants: using mass spectrometry and a pneumotachogram. 新生儿和婴儿间接量热仪的流量和传感器的准确性:使用质谱法和气测图。
Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology. Supplement Pub Date : 2002-10-01
Teruyoshi Amagai, Takeshi Mouri, Haruo Ohkawa, Isao Nishi
{"title":"Accuracy of flow and sensors of indirect calorimetry for neonates and infants: using mass spectrometry and a pneumotachogram.","authors":"Teruyoshi Amagai,&nbsp;Takeshi Mouri,&nbsp;Haruo Ohkawa,&nbsp;Isao Nishi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. The accuracy of measurements of flow rate and concentrations of O2 and CO2 in expiratory gas by indirect calorimetry (IC) using paediatric and adult circuits were assessed by mass spectrometry and a pneumotachogram, which have been proven as the most reliable instruments for these purposes. 2. In the paediatric circuit, all measurements were demonstrated to be reliable: error rates for flow rate, O2 concentration and CO2 concentration were +3.13, +2.66 and -6.63%, respectively. All were within the 10%, which is acceptable as a biological error. 3. However, in the adult circuit of IC, all measurements were reliable except for measurements of CO2 concentration: error rates for flow rate, O2 concentration and CO2 concentration were +2.82, +1.64 and +11.42%, respectively. 4. A fluctuation phenomenon of expiratory gas concentration was observed only in IC. Mass spectrometry did not show this phenomenon. This phenomenon seems to be derived from the IC machine itself.</p>","PeriodicalId":75710,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology. Supplement","volume":" 29","pages":"S7-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22044847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Validation of a portable indirect calorimeter (Metavine) for measuring energy expenditure in an elderly population. 用于测量老年人能量消耗的便携式间接量热计(Metavine)的验证。
Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology. Supplement Pub Date : 2002-10-01
Masahiko Kato, Masahiro Tajika, Yoshiyuki Miwa, Hisataka Moriwaki
{"title":"Validation of a portable indirect calorimeter (Metavine) for measuring energy expenditure in an elderly population.","authors":"Masahiko Kato,&nbsp;Masahiro Tajika,&nbsp;Yoshiyuki Miwa,&nbsp;Hisataka Moriwaki","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness and reliability of a portable indirect calorimeter (Metavine; Vine, Tokyo, Japan). 2. We measured energy expenditure (EE) of elderly people (n = 191) at nursing homes using both Metavine and an authorized indirect calorimeter (Deltatrac Metabolic Monitor; Datex, Helsinki, Finland) and compared them. 3. Energy expenditure measured by Metavine significantly correlated with EE measured by the Deltatrac Metabolic Monitor (P < 0.001). 4. In particular, Metavine gave almost same results as the Deltatrac Metabolic Monitor, showing an excellent reliability, within the range of EE from 800 to 1500 kcal/day. However EE measured by Metavine below 800 kcal/day or above 1500 kcal/day required correction to agree with EE as measured by the Deltatrac Metabolic Monitor. 5. In conclusion, Metavine is a useful portable calorimeter for measuring EE in elderly people when used with sufficient recognition of its characteristics of data acquisition.</p>","PeriodicalId":75710,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology. Supplement","volume":" 29","pages":"S9-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22044848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Examination of the reliability of the portable calorimeter. 便携式量热计可靠性的检验。
Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology. Supplement Pub Date : 2002-10-01
Shoji Igawa, Mikako Sakamaki, Masami Miyazaki
{"title":"Examination of the reliability of the portable calorimeter.","authors":"Shoji Igawa,&nbsp;Mikako Sakamaki,&nbsp;Masami Miyazaki","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. The present study was performed in order to determine the reliability of the portable calorimeter. 2. Resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured by two different apparatuses: one was the typical gas analyser, the other was the portable calorimeter. 3. Although there are differences among individuals, unless the subject has been exposed to severe physical activity prior to the measurement, a suitable resting time prior to the measurement of resting metabolic rate is 10 min. 4. For the measurement of resting metabolic rate, fluctuations in respiratory quotient (RQ) are extremely small; there is greater fluctuation due to variations in respiration. Therefore, for the screening of energy consumption, the use of a fixed value for RQ is sufficient when measuring only oxygen uptake. 5. Respiratory fluctuations vary from person to person and it is not possible to make stable measurements in 1 or 2 min. Therefore, a suitable measurement time for resting metabolic rate is from 3 to approximately 6 min. 6. The results indicate that this portable calorimeter is a useful apparatus for measuring REE in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":75710,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology. Supplement","volume":" 29","pages":"S13-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22044948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Clinical significance of measurement of resting energy expenditure in childhood. 儿童静息能量消耗测定的临床意义。
Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology. Supplement Pub Date : 2002-10-01
Teruyoshi Amagai, Takeshi Mouri, Kyoko Kirii, Tetsuo Hori, Michio Kaneko, Haruo Ohkawa
{"title":"Clinical significance of measurement of resting energy expenditure in childhood.","authors":"Teruyoshi Amagai,&nbsp;Takeshi Mouri,&nbsp;Kyoko Kirii,&nbsp;Tetsuo Hori,&nbsp;Michio Kaneko,&nbsp;Haruo Ohkawa","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. Biliary atresia (BA), as a common disease in Japan, and cystic fibrosis (CF), as an extremely uncommon disease in Japan, were selected to assess the clinical significance of measurement of energy expenditure (EE). 2. Energy expenditure was significantly higher in children with BA than in normal children. 3. Measurement of EE in BA lead to clues to resolving its mechanism by novel assessment of interleukin-6 and leptin. 4. Energy expenditure in children with CF is also higher, but this has been addressed by nutritional intervention with additional calories. 5. Individualization of EE measurement is necessary in the analysis of pathological mechanisms and nutritional management of patients with both common and uncommon diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":75710,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology. Supplement","volume":" 29","pages":"S19-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22044950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Simplified estimation of energy metabolism by a new portable indirect calorimeter: its validity and clinical epidemiological application. 新型便携式间接量热仪简化能量代谢估算的有效性及临床流行病学应用。
Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology. Supplement Pub Date : 2002-10-01
Norimasa Hosoya
{"title":"Simplified estimation of energy metabolism by a new portable indirect calorimeter: its validity and clinical epidemiological application.","authors":"Norimasa Hosoya","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75710,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology. Supplement","volume":" 29","pages":"S1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22044947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Renal-dose (low-dose) dopamine for the treatment of sepsis-related and other forms of acute renal failure: ineffective and probably dangerous. 肾剂量(低剂量)多巴胺治疗败血症相关及其他形式的急性肾功能衰竭:无效且可能有危险。
Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology. Supplement Pub Date : 1999-04-01
D A Power, J Duggan, H R Brady
{"title":"Renal-dose (low-dose) dopamine for the treatment of sepsis-related and other forms of acute renal failure: ineffective and probably dangerous.","authors":"D A Power,&nbsp;J Duggan,&nbsp;H R Brady","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. Low-dose ('renal-dose') dopamine (i.e. 1-3 micrograms/kg per min) is used widely for the treatment of acute renal failure induced by ischaemia, toxins and/or sepsis. Here we review the scientific rationale, experimental studies and clinical trials evaluating its use in these settings. 2. Renal-dose dopamine augments renal blood flow, sodium excretion and probably glomerular filtration rate in healthy humans and experimental animals and limits ATP utilization and oxygen requirements in nephron segments at risk of ischaemic injury. Renal-dose dopamine is renoprotective in several ischaemic and nephrotoxic models of acute renal failure. 3. However, most studies in humans have not demonstrated prevention of acute renal failure in high-risk patients or improved outcome in those with established acute renal failure. While the safety profile of dopamine in these settings has not been extensively defined, it is known the drug may precipitate serious cardiovascular and metabolic complications in the critically ill. Therefore, we suggest that renal-dose dopamine should not be used for selective renal vasodilatory and natriuretic actions in those patients with acute renal failure until its efficacy is established in randomized control trials. 4. Renal-dose dopamine may be most valuable when combined with agents targeting other events in acute renal failure, such as cast formation, epithelial cell injury and tubule regeneration. These recommendations should not preclude the use of dopamine for its systemic effects in heart failure and septic shock.</p>","PeriodicalId":75710,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology. Supplement","volume":"26 ","pages":"S23-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21254366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Non-neuronal dopamine in the gastrointestinal system. 胃肠道系统中的非神经元多巴胺。
Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology. Supplement Pub Date : 1999-04-01
E Mezey, G Eisenhofer, S Hansson, G Harta, B J Hoffman, K Gallatz, M Palkovits, B Hunyady
{"title":"Non-neuronal dopamine in the gastrointestinal system.","authors":"E Mezey,&nbsp;G Eisenhofer,&nbsp;S Hansson,&nbsp;G Harta,&nbsp;B J Hoffman,&nbsp;K Gallatz,&nbsp;M Palkovits,&nbsp;B Hunyady","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. Dopamine (DA) is a protective agent in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in both rats and humans. Therefore, we have studied the site of DA production in rat and human GI tract using a variety of techniques, including immunocytochemistry (ICC), in situ hybridization histochemistry, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, HPLC, western blotting and immunoelectron microscopy. 2. We found very high concentrations of DA that persisted after chemical sympathectomy (CS) in the gastric juice, the stomach mucosa and in the pancreas. Both the stomach mucosa and the pancreas also had tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity, most of which remained after CS. Double-labelling ICC showed that acid-producing parietal cells and the exocrine pancreas must also be capable of producing DA. 3. We isolated rat stomach parietal cells by cell fractionation and found that both DA and TH activity are present in isolated (denervated) parietal cells. These cells also have other features of aminergic cells: they are immuno- (and mRNA) positive for the DA plasma membrane transporter and vesicular monoamine transporter(s). In both gastric and duodenal mucosa, we demonstrated the presence of significant amounts of the D5 receptor that could serve as a target for locally produced DA. 4. Because DA, its biosynthetic enzymes and its transporters are also found in parietal cells in the human stomach, a mucosal protective system involving DA could be important clinically.</p>","PeriodicalId":75710,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology. Supplement","volume":"26 ","pages":"S14-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21254365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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