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What should an ideal antioxidant do (and not do)? 理想的抗氧化剂应该做什么(而不是做什么)?
Bulletin europeen de physiopathologie respiratoire Pub Date : 1987-07-01
D C Flenley
{"title":"What should an ideal antioxidant do (and not do)?","authors":"D C Flenley","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Superoxide, H2O2 and particularly activated hydroxyl radicals (OH.) can cause lipid peroxidation, destroy enzymes and anti-elastases, produce DNA breaks and lead to death of mammalian cells. Conversely, these active oxygen species may also be very important for the killing of some microbial infective agents. Clearly the therapeutic potential for reducing the destructive activity of oxidants must be offset by any harm which may result from inhibition of these protective actions of oxidants. The challenge lies in providing the one without the other.</p>","PeriodicalId":75642,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin europeen de physiopathologie respiratoire","volume":"23 4","pages":"279-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13963911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness as a risk factor for progressive airflow obstruction in smokers. 支气管高反应性是吸烟者进行性气流阻塞的危险因素。
Bulletin europeen de physiopathologie respiratoire Pub Date : 1987-07-01
N B Pride, R G Taylor, T K Lim, H Joyce, A Watson
{"title":"Bronchial hyperresponsiveness as a risk factor for progressive airflow obstruction in smokers.","authors":"N B Pride,&nbsp;R G Taylor,&nbsp;T K Lim,&nbsp;H Joyce,&nbsp;A Watson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75642,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin europeen de physiopathologie respiratoire","volume":"23 4","pages":"369-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14447239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Oxidant-antioxidant balance. Oxidant-antioxidant平衡。
Bulletin europeen de physiopathologie respiratoire Pub Date : 1987-07-01
J F Cordier
{"title":"Oxidant-antioxidant balance.","authors":"J F Cordier","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We briefly consider some examples illustrating the pathophysiologic roles of oxidants in lung injury: pathologic changes induced by hyperoxia (exudative alveolar oedema and proliferation of fibroblasts), cell toxicity (especially endothelial cells) and inactivation of alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (by oxidation of a methionyl residue at the active site of the inhibitor). These suggest the possibility of a beneficial role for antioxidants in many types of lung injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":75642,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin europeen de physiopathologie respiratoire","volume":"23 4","pages":"273-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14444751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The association of airways responsiveness to respiratory symptom prevalence and to pulmonary function in a random population sample. 随机人群样本中呼吸道反应性与呼吸症状患病率和肺功能的关系。
Bulletin europeen de physiopathologie respiratoire Pub Date : 1987-07-01
B Rijcken, J P Schouten, S T Weiss, F E Speizer, R van der Lende
{"title":"The association of airways responsiveness to respiratory symptom prevalence and to pulmonary function in a random population sample.","authors":"B Rijcken,&nbsp;J P Schouten,&nbsp;S T Weiss,&nbsp;F E Speizer,&nbsp;R van der Lende","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In a random population sample of 1905 subjects we studied the occurrence of respiratory symptoms in relation to airways responsiveness. Responders (PC10 FEV1 to histamine at 16 mg.ml-1 or less) had crude prevalence rates two to three times higher than nonresponders. In logistic regression analysis, odds ratios were estimated for each threshold value, compared to the reference value (greater than 32 mg.ml-1), controlling for age, sex, area of residence, and smoking habit. Odds ratios increased with decreasing threshold values in a dose-response relationship for all symptoms, except for bronchitis periods. We analysed the association of airways responsiveness to pulmonary function level by multiple linear regression, controlling for age, sex, height, area of residence, and smoking habit. There was an inverse relationship of FEV1 level to threshold value. Male subjects within a threshold value of 1 mg.ml-1 had a mean adjusted FEV1 of 1170 ml less than males with a threshold value of greater than 32 mg.ml-1. The relationship of responsiveness to decline of FEV1 with time was studied in 186 male subjects who took part in five consecutive surveys from 1967 to 1981. The greatest mean adjusted yearly decline was noted in responding smokers: 35.3 ml per yr, compared to nonreactive nonsmokers: 10.9 ml per yr. Regression analysis of the yearly decline in 169 subjects with at least two pairs of two consecutive threshold tests revealed that the more positive tests subjects had, the greater was their mean adjusted yearly decline. It is concluded that airways responsiveness may be an important factor in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":75642,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin europeen de physiopathologie respiratoire","volume":"23 4","pages":"391-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14809584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cheyne-Stokes breathing and systemic arterial pressure periodic pattern during sleep in central alveolar hypoventilation. 中央肺泡低通气患者睡眠时的Cheyne-Stokes呼吸和全身动脉压周期性模式。
Bulletin europeen de physiopathologie respiratoire Pub Date : 1987-07-01
F Cirignotta, S Mondini, M Schiavina, M Zucconi, G Coccagna, E Lugaresi
{"title":"Cheyne-Stokes breathing and systemic arterial pressure periodic pattern during sleep in central alveolar hypoventilation.","authors":"F Cirignotta,&nbsp;S Mondini,&nbsp;M Schiavina,&nbsp;M Zucconi,&nbsp;G Coccagna,&nbsp;E Lugaresi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This report refers to a 51 year old man with the clinical features of central alveolar hypoventilation (CAH). Polysomnographic recordings showed periodic breathing and central apnoeas associated with abnormal oscillations of systemic arterial pressure and heart rate during all sleep stages. Oxygen administration during sleep reduced hypoxia, while the periodic breathing and arterial pressure oscillations persisted. The authors suggest that an impairment of the brain structures that play a role in homeostatic adjustment of autonomic functions in connection with the sleep-wake cycle, is responsible for the unusual sleep-related disturbances shown by this patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":75642,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin europeen de physiopathologie respiratoire","volume":"23 4","pages":"409-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14809590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect on ventilation of carbon dioxide delivered in early inspiration in man. 人类早期吸入二氧化碳对通气的影响。
Bulletin europeen de physiopathologie respiratoire Pub Date : 1987-07-01
A R Cummin, C P Patil, M S Jacobi, K B Saunders
{"title":"Effect on ventilation of carbon dioxide delivered in early inspiration in man.","authors":"A R Cummin,&nbsp;C P Patil,&nbsp;M S Jacobi,&nbsp;K B Saunders","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Four subjects breathed an air-CO2 mixture, obtained by injecting pure CO2 0.4 l.min-1 into the inspiratory line of an open breathing circuit. The effects of injecting CO2 directly into the tubing (Fenn-Craig technique, FC), with a resulting large CO2 bolus in early inspiration, were compared with those of injecting into a mixing chamber (MC) and thus spreading the CO2 load more evenly over inspiration. Ensemble averaging of three experiments for MC and FC in each subject was used to clarify the relatively small changes in ventilation (V), about 5 l.min-1, and end-tidal PCO2 (PETCO2), about 5 mmHg, which were produced by the stimulus. Change in V and in PETCO2 were both systematically less for MC than FC, by about 1 l.min-1 and 0.5 to 1 mmHg respectively, suggesting that the CO2 load to the alveoli was larger for FC, with V then appropriately higher by the normal CO2 response. The increased CO2 load in FC could be accounted for by the lower proportion of CO2 left in the dead space, compared to MC. Thus, in man breathing air, no systematic effect on CO2 sensitivity was produced by an early inspiratory bolus of CO2.</p>","PeriodicalId":75642,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin europeen de physiopathologie respiratoire","volume":"23 4","pages":"335-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14252218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The relevance of hyperresponsiveness but not of atopy to FEV1 decline. Preliminary results in a working population. 高反应性而非特应性与FEV1下降的相关性。在工作人群中的初步结果。
Bulletin europeen de physiopathologie respiratoire Pub Date : 1987-07-01
I Annesi, F Neukirch, E Orvoen-Frija, M P Oryszczyn, M Korobaeff, M F Doré, F Kauffmann
{"title":"The relevance of hyperresponsiveness but not of atopy to FEV1 decline. Preliminary results in a working population.","authors":"I Annesi,&nbsp;F Neukirch,&nbsp;E Orvoen-Frija,&nbsp;M P Oryszczyn,&nbsp;M Korobaeff,&nbsp;M F Doré,&nbsp;F Kauffmann","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Five-year FEV1 decline in 329 working men was shown to be significantly related only among eversmokers to methacholine bronchial hyperresponsiveness (assessed at the end of follow-up), allergic rhinitis and rhinitis induced by cold air, independent of asthma and FEV1 level. Positive skin prick test was not associated with FEV1 decline.</p>","PeriodicalId":75642,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin europeen de physiopathologie respiratoire","volume":"23 4","pages":"397-400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14446275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Small airway function in acromegaly. 肢端肥大症的小气道功能。
Bulletin europeen de physiopathologie respiratoire Pub Date : 1987-07-01
N M Siafakas, J Sigalas, B Filaditaki, K Tsirogiannis
{"title":"Small airway function in acromegaly.","authors":"N M Siafakas,&nbsp;J Sigalas,&nbsp;B Filaditaki,&nbsp;K Tsirogiannis","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Small airway function was studied in 21 acromegalic patients (13 females, 8 males) and quantitated as the maximal expiratory flow at 25 and 50% of vital capacity (VEmax25, VEmax50) breathing room air, as the difference of flow at 50% of VC breathing air and 80% helium 20% O2 (delta Vmax50) and as the volume of equal flows (VisoV). In addition, lung volumes were investigated by spirometry and body plethysmography. Static lung volumes were statistically significantly increased in both male and female acromegalic patients (p less than 0.05), but RV/TLC and FEV1/FVC did not change (p greater than 0.1). VEmax25, delta Vmax50 and VisoV showed an abnormal function of small airways in nonsmoking acromegalic patients. However, smoking acromegalics did not differ significantly from 'normal' smoking subjects, suggesting that the dysfunction of small airways is not a contributory factor to mortality from the disease. Maximal expiratory flows, when related to lung volume, were reduced in acromegalic women. Abnormal small airway function in acromegaly could either be due to obstruction or, more likely, to an exaggeration of dysanaptic lung growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":75642,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin europeen de physiopathologie respiratoire","volume":"23 4","pages":"329-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14810384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Statistical methods for the analysis of the association between bronchial responsiveness and pulmonary function changes. 用统计学方法分析支气管反应性与肺功能改变之间的关系。
Bulletin europeen de physiopathologie respiratoire Pub Date : 1987-07-01
A Muñoz, S T Weiss, I B Tager, B Rosner, F E Speizer
{"title":"Statistical methods for the analysis of the association between bronchial responsiveness and pulmonary function changes.","authors":"A Muñoz,&nbsp;S T Weiss,&nbsp;I B Tager,&nbsp;B Rosner,&nbsp;F E Speizer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An autoregressive model for the analysis of longitudinal data was applied in the context of investigating the effect of bronchial responsiveness on the growth of pulmonary function in children. In the model used, the correlation between pulmonary function values within an individual decreases exponentially as the time between visits increases. The model incorporates both fixed and time-dependent covariates in a unified fashion and does not require complete data in all visits for each individual. Furthermore, the change in pulmonary function is not assumed to be linear over time. Using response to cold air data as a measure of bronchial responsiveness, we found that children who responded to cold air have a slower rate of growth in pulmonary function. In addition, the data suggested that the effect of cigarette smoking may be greater as the response to cold air increases. Extensions of the autoregressive approach to other correlation structures and to the case of unequidistant observations are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":75642,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin europeen de physiopathologie respiratoire","volume":"23 4","pages":"377-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14809585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of sobrerol treatment on macromolecule secretion, ion and water fluxes in sheep trachea. sobrerol处理对绵羊气管大分子分泌、离子和水通量的影响。
Bulletin europeen de physiopathologie respiratoire Pub Date : 1987-07-01
R J Phipps, S M Denas, P J Torrealba, A Peretz, L Allegra
{"title":"Effects of sobrerol treatment on macromolecule secretion, ion and water fluxes in sheep trachea.","authors":"R J Phipps,&nbsp;S M Denas,&nbsp;P J Torrealba,&nbsp;A Peretz,&nbsp;L Allegra","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We studied the effects of sobrerol treatment on airway mucus secretion. Normal sheep and sheep with airways sensitized to Ascaris suum antigen were treated in vivo with sobrerol, 1 mg.kg-1 i.m., twice a day for five days. Composition and secretion of mucus macromolecules, and fluxes of ions and water were subsequently measured in tracheal tissues in vitro, and were compared to values from untreated (normal and sensitized) sheep. Macromolecules were radiolabelled with 35SO4 and 3H-threonine and we measured the secretion of macromolecule-bound radiolabel on to the mucosa. We also measured secretion of total protein and of sialic acid. Unidirectional fluxes of Cl-, Na+ and water were measured with radioactive tracers. Net fluxes were calculated from appropriately paired tissues. Sobrerol treatment decreased total protein secretion in both normal and sensitized sheep. Specifically, it decreased secretion of sialylated but not sulphated macromolecules. Sobrerol had no effect on tracheal ion or water fluxes in normal sheep, but in sensitized sheep it significantly decreased net Na+ absorption and induced secretion of water. These changes are likely to alter the physical properties of the mucus, and may alter its transportability by airway cilia and/or by gas-liquid two-phase flow.</p>","PeriodicalId":75642,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin europeen de physiopathologie respiratoire","volume":"23 4","pages":"401-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14809587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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